Cross-cultural adaptation,reliability, and validity of the Persian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to translate and to cross-culturally adapt the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) into Persian language and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Method: The International Quality of Life Assessment process was pursued to translate CAIT into Persian. Two groups of Persian-speaking individuals, 105 participants with a history of ankle sprain and 30 participants with no history of ankle sprain, were asked to fill out Persian version of CAIT (CAIT-P), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data obtained from the first administration of CAIT were used to evaluate floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, dimensionality, and criterion validity. To determine the test–retest reliability, 45 individuals re-filled CAIT 5–7 days after the first session.

Results: Cronbach’s alpha was over the cutoff point of 0.70 for both ankles and in both groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient was high for right (0.95) and left (0.91) ankles. There was a strong correlation between each item and the total score of the CAIT-P. Although the CAIT-P had strong correlation with VAS, its correlation with both subscales of FAAM was moderate.

Conclusions: The CAIT-P has good validity and reliability and it can be used by clinicians and researchers for identification and investigation of functional ankle instability.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Chronic ankle instability is one of the most common consequences of acute ankle sprain.

• Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool is an acceptable measure to determine functional ankle instability and its severity.

• The Persian version of Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool is a valid and reliable tool for clinical and research purpose in Persian-speaking individuals.

     

手术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症及不稳

目的:观察手术方法治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症合并腰椎不稳的疗效.方法:2001年1月～2003年1月治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症合并腰椎不稳定共48例,平均年龄55.7岁,病程1～12年,平均4.5年.全部病例经后路全椎板切除减压、椎弓根螺钉系统内固定及横突间植骨融合手术治疗,其中1个节段椎管减压8例,2个节段减压35例,3节段减压5例.结果:术后随访平均14月(6月～24月),按日本矫形外科协会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准,优良率92%.植骨融合未发现骨不连或假关节形成.结论:手术治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症合并腰椎不稳可以达到满意疗效.术中减压应彻底,植骨融合对后期腰椎的稳定性有重要作用,应注重植骨床的准备和植骨量.     

Prospective study of the “ Inside-Out” arthroscopic ankle ligament technique: Preliminary result

Background

Lateral ankle ligament injury is among the most common orthopedic injuries. The objective of this study is to present the preliminary prospective results of treatment using the “Inside-Out” variant of the fully arthroscopic Broström–Gould technique.

C1 lateral mass screw placement with intentional sacrifice of the C2 ganglion: functional outcomes and morbidity in elderly patients

Placement of C1 lateral mass screws may be facilitated by intentional C2 root sacrifice. Functional outcomes and morbidity following intentional sacrifice of the C2 root have not been reported in the literature. The objective is to find out if intentional C2 nerve root sacrifice affects functional outcomes and operative morbidity in patients undergoing posterior cervical fusion with C1 lateral mass screws. The study is a case report. Twenty-two consecutive elderly patients (10 males, 12 females with an average age of 77 years) with C1–2 instability were treated with posterior cervical fusion using C1 lateral mass screw placement. Five patients had preservation of the bilateral C2 nerve roots (PRES group) and 18 patients had intentional sacrifice of the bilateral C2 nerve root (SAC group). Operative times, blood loss, hospital length of stay, and complications were recorded for each patient. Functional outcomes, pain, and satisfaction scores were compared between the two groups at the time of ultimate follow-up. Average follow-up time was 19.3 months (range 6–66). The SAC group demonstrated significantly decreased operative time (109.4 vs. 187 min) and a trend towards decreased blood loss (344 vs. 1,030 mL). At ultimate follow-up both groups experienced similar mild disability with no significant difference in NDI scores, analog pain, and satisfaction scores. No patient had C2 root dysesthesia, swallowing, or speech difficulty. In this small case series, intentional sacrifice of the bilateral C2 nerve root ganglion resulted in less operative time and decreased blood loss in elderly patents undergoing C1–2 posterior fusion with the Harms technique. Functional outcome, pain and satisfaction scores were not adversely affected when this technique was used in elderly patients.     

外固定架结合克氏针治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的探讨外固定架结合克氏针治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法选取30例桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者,按AO分型,其中A3型6例,B3型8例,C2型7例,C3型9例。所有患者均采用外固定架结合克氏针内固定治疗。结果术后随访6～18个月,平均13.7个月。术后测量患者的尺偏角为16°～28°（21.8°±2.7°）,掌倾角为8°～18°（12.4±1.9）。结合Dienst功能评价标准和沈忆新的解剖评价标准来评价疗效：优18例,良8例,可4例,优良率为86.7%。1例针道感染,2例螺钉松动。结论对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折,采用外固定架结合克氏针内固定治疗,疗效满意。     

单枚椎间融合器短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎失稳症

目的:评价单枚椎问融合器植骨融合短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎失稳症的临床疗效.方法:1999年3月～2007年8月我院采用单枚椎间融合器植骨融合结合短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗腰椎失稳症患者中资料完整的病例149例,男83例,女66例,年龄32～68岁,平均46.7岁.失稳节段:L3/4 7例,L4/5 50例,L5/S1 92例.采用NaKai评定标准判定术后疗效,观察术后失稳椎体间有无移位,椎弓根螺钉及椎间融合器位置情况;测量术前、术后1周、术后16个月失稳椎间隙高度与上位椎间隙高度的比值.结果:手术时间1.5～3h,平均1.8h;术中出血量200～600ml,平均490ml.并发硬膜囊撕裂5例,神经根牵拉伤4例.随访16个月～6年9个月,平均39个月,术后腰椎序列恢复正常;术后1周失稳椎间隙高度与上位椎间隙高度的比值与术前比较有统计学差异(P.0.05);术后16个月时按NaKai标准评定,优115例,良26例,可8例,优良率94.5%;术后16个月时,按Suk标准评定椎间融合率为100%;末次随访时无失稳复发,椎弓根螺钉及椎间融合器均无松动、移位等.结论:单枚椎间融合器植骨融合短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗腰椎失稳症比较可靠的方法,能很好地维持椎间隙的高度和节段的稳定.     

Upper and lower limb motor impairments in alcoholism, HIV infection, and their comorbidity

BACKGROUND: Both HIV infection and alcoholism can impair motor abilities involving manual dexterity and postural stability. Given the high prevalence of HIV and alcoholism comorbidity, we examined whether each disease selectively disrupts different components of upper and lower limb motor control and whether these impairments are compounded by disease comorbidity. METHODS: Simple and complex upper (speed and finger dexterity) and lower (static posture) limb functions were tested in 31 men with HIV infection, 27 with alcoholism, 43 comorbid for HIV infection and alcoholism, and 22 normal healthy controls to assess whether comorbid patients would demonstrate greater motor impairment relative to those with a single diagnosis. RESULTS: Individuals with HIV infection and those with alcoholism had impaired upper and lower limb motor function. Disease comorbidity compounded deficits in speeded finger movement. Neither Beck Depression Inventory scores, self-reported peripheral neuropathy, nor HIV medication accounted for group differences. Lower limb motor composite scores with eyes open were correlated with upper limb motor scores in the alcoholism group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the observed impairment patterns indicate the presence of upper and lower limb motor impairment in both HIV infection and alcoholism and the relevance of alcoholism in exacerbating impairment in speeded fine finger movement, when it occurs in HIV infection.     

桡尺远侧关节在体MRI运动学研究

目的　利用MRI轴位图像分析正常桡尺远侧关节（DRUJ）旋转运动。 方法　健康志愿者30名（男、女各15名）,共60个正常DRUJ,在腕关节完全旋外、旋外60 °、旋外30 °、中立位、旋内30 °、旋内60 °及完全旋内7个体位行DRUJ的MRI扫描。在DRUJ轴位图上,选取桡骨乙状切迹掌侧顶点（A）及背侧顶点（B）作一连线,利用工作站工具取得尺骨头中心点（C）,过C点作AB垂线,相交于D点,计算AD/AB比值（桡尺比值）;尺骨头-尺骨茎突背侧缘顶点E、F连线,测量EF与AB相交指向掌侧夹角（桡尺夹角）;由两名放射科医生独立完成测量、取其平均值,并评价该方法可信度。 结果　60个正常DRUJ完全旋外、旋外60°、旋外30°、中立位、旋内30°、旋内60°及完全旋内桡尺比值分别为（0.29±0.05）,（0.36±0.06）,（0.42±0.07）,（0.49±0.05）,（0.53±0.06）,（0.56±0.06）,（0.61±0.07）;桡尺夹角分别为（38.41±3.71）°,（48.74±5.54）°,（63.31±4.98）°,（105.56±5.63）°,（138.68±6.04）°,（162.45±6.00）°,（178.46±2.09）°。桡尺比值与桡尺夹角呈正相关,有统计学意义（r=0.97,P<0.05）,腕关节从完全旋外向完全旋内旋转过程中,桡尺比值随桡尺夹角增大而增大。不同体位两项测量指标观察者间相关系数（ICC）范围为0.83~0.96。 结论　通过建立DRUJ在不同体位下桡骨的不同旋转角度所对应桡尺比值正常范围,可以为桡尺远侧关节不稳的诊断提供更多参考依据。