腹股沟管前壁折叠术治疗小儿巨大腹股沟斜疝的效果评价

目的探讨腹股沟管前壁折叠术在小儿巨大腹股沟斜疝中的应用效果。方法 2012年1月至2015年1月我们共对301例334侧巨大腹股沟疝患儿实施手术。将患儿随机分成两组,实验组159例177侧,对照组142例157侧。对照组仅行腹股沟皮纹横切口疝囊高位结扎术,实验组予腹股沟皮纹横切口疝囊高位结扎并腹股沟管前壁折叠术。结果两组在年龄、性别、术后住院时间及并发症的发生情况上比较均无统计学意义。手术时间:实验组(21.4±4.6)min,对照组(17.2±3.5)min;术后复发情况:实验组复发1例,复发率0.56%;对照组复发7例,复发率4.46%。结论腹股沟管前壁折叠并疝囊高位结扎术特别适用于巨大腹股沟斜疝患儿,能明显降低术后复发率。     

血液透析患者动静脉内瘘栓塞及影响因素研究

目的探讨血液透析患者动静脉内瘘栓塞的影响因素。方法选取72例建立自体动静脉内瘘患者,应用超声稀释技术在入组2周内及3、6个月后对自体动静脉内瘘栓塞相关指标进行3次监测,然后随访观察6个月(共观察1年)。观察期间记录动静脉内瘘栓塞发生情况以及流量和再循环率的变化趋势,同时收集患者性别、年龄、内瘘使用时间、透析龄、平均动脉压、糖尿病病史、钙磷乘积、心输出量等资料。结果随访结束时18例发生栓塞,栓塞发生率为25.0%;18例3次监测的平均内瘘流量为(709.6±337.8)mL/min,其中13例第1次监测时内瘘流量500mL/min;第1次监测内瘘存在再循环的5例患者均发生栓塞。未发生栓塞的54例患者3次监测的内瘘流量为(1 171.7±692.9)mL/min,仅9例第1次监测时内瘘流量500mL/min。Logistic回归分析结果显示,再循环率、内瘘流量、钙磷乘积、糖尿病病史、心输出量是动静脉内瘘栓塞的影响因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论定期监测血液透析患者动静脉内瘘栓塞相关指标,对内瘘栓塞的影响因素进行早期干预可防范内瘘栓塞的发生,延长内瘘使用寿命。     

Milk Fistula: Diagnosis,Prevention, and Treatment

Milk fistula is an uncommon condition which occurs when there is an abnormal connection that forms between the skin surface and the duct in the breast of a lactating woman, resulting in spontaneous and often constant drainage of milk from this path of least resistance. A milk fistula is usually a complication that results from a needle biopsy or surgical intervention in a lactating patient. Here, the authors present an unusual case of a spontaneous milk fistula which developed from an abscess in the breast of a lactating woman. The patient initially presented to the office with a large open wound on her breast, formed from skin breakdown, within which milk was pooling. She was treated with local wound care and cessation of breastfeeding, with appropriate healing of the wound and closure of the fistula with 6 weeks. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of milk fistula were reviewed.