无张力疝修补术后慢性疼痛的原因及防治

目的：探讨腹股沟疝无张力修补术后慢性疼痛的原因及防治。方法：选取131例腹股沟疝患者行无张力疝修补术,分析其术后疼痛原因及防治方法。结果：随访时间3～12个月,术后出现3个月以上局部慢性疼痛不能缓解并需进一步治疗的患者8例,发生率为6.1%。结论：开放性无张力疝修补术中熟练的手术操作、部分可吸收材料的应用、材料使用个体化等可以减少术后慢性疼痛的发生,提高患者术后的生活质量。     

A Simplified Formula Using Early Blood Gas Analysis Can Predict Survival Outcomes and the Requirements for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

The aims of this study were to investigate whether early arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) could define the severity of disease in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We conducted a retrospective study over a 21-yr period of infants diagnosed with CDH. Outcomes were defined as death before discharge, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation requirements (ECMO) or death. A total 114 infants were included in this study. We investigated whether simplified prediction formula [PO₂-PCO₂] values at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hr after birth were associated with mortality, and ECMO or death. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimum ABGA values for predicting outcomes. The value of [PO₂-PCO₂] at birth was the best predictor of mortality (AUC 0.803, P < 0.001) and at 4 hr after birth was the most reliable predictor of ECMO or death (AUC 0.777, P < 0.001). The value of [PO₂-PCO₂] from ABGA early period after birth can reliably predict outcomes in infants with CDH.     

Female Gender and Diabetes Mellitus Increase the Risk of Recurrence after Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

Background

Laparoscopic hernia repair is used widely for the repair of incisional hernias. Few case studies have focussed on purely ‘incisional’ hernias. This multicentre series represents a collaborative effort and employed statistical analyses to provide insight into the factors predisposing to recurrence of incisional hernia after laparoscopic repair. A specific hypothesis (ie, laterality of hernias as well as proximity to the xyphoid process and pubic symphysis predisposes to recurrence) was also tested.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of all laparoscopic incisional hernias undertaken in six centres from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2010. It comprised a comprehensive review of case notes and a follow-up using a structured telephone questionnaire. Patient demographics, previous medical/surgical history, surgical procedure, postoperative recovery, and perceived effect on quality of life were recorded. Repairs undertaken for primary ventral hernias were excluded. A logistic regression analysis was then fitted with recurrence as the primary outcome.

Results

A total of 186 cases (91 females) were identified. Median follow-up was 42 months. Telephone interviews were answered by 115/186 (62%) of subjects. Logistic regression analyses suggested that only female sex (odds ratio (OR) 3.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–8.97) and diabetes mellitus (3.54; 1–12.56) significantly increased the risk of recurrence. Position of the defect had no statistical effect.

Conclusions

These data suggest an increased risk of recurrence after laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in females and subjects with diabetes mellitus. These data will help inform surgeons and patients when considering laparoscopic management of incisional hernias. We recommend a centrally hosted, prospectively maintained national/international database to carry out additional research.     

快速开颅技术在外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝抢救治疗中的效果

目的分析快速开颅技术在外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝抢救治疗中的临床价值。方法随机选取2012-10—2013-10我院诊治的外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝患者72例,按照完全抽样法1︰1分成2组,对照组患者行常规血肿清除术,研究组患者行快速开颅血肿清除术,比较2组治疗后近期疗效、血生化指标与生存质量情况。结果研究组患者骨窗完成时间(12.87±5.24)min,较对照组的(27.94±3.78)min短,随访良好率52.78%,对照组30.56%,研究组病死率11.11%,对照组33.33%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);研究组患者手术后的颅内压、手术第14天与第28天S-100B水平与NDS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.01),研究组手术第7、14与28天NSE水平均较对照组低(P0.05)。结论外伤性颅内出血合并脑疝患者开颅清除术前行快速减压法,可缩短完成骨窗时间,减轻神经功能缺损严重程度,改善术后生存质量。     

腹腔镜下疝修补术在腹股沟疝中的临床应用价值

目的：比较传统疝修补术、无张力疝修补术以及腹腔镜下疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的临床疗效和安全性。方法将105例腹股沟疝患者依据手术方式分为传统疝修补术组（A组,32例）、无张力疝修补术组（B组,34例）、腹腔镜下疝修补术组（C组,39例）。比较3组手术和术后恢复情况。结果3组手术时间为：A组（44.5±10.8）min,B组（36.8±8.9）min,C组（60.4±18.5）min,其差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;术中出血量[（46.0±6.9）、（35.1±6.1）、（21.4±4.7）ml],离床活动时间[（2.7±0.4）、（1.4±0.5）、（1.0±0.5）d],住院时间[（9.7±2.4）、（6.0±3.5）、（5.2±2.1）d],差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,A 组与B 组住院费用[（5164.5±540.3）元,（5120.7±354.8）元]显著低于 C 组[（7944.9±650.1）元,P<0.01]。术后1、3、5 d时3组疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）A组显著高于B组和C组,B组显著高于C组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）。 B、C两组并发症总发生率（20.6%,5.1%）显著低于A组（59.4%,P<0.01）。 C组术后2年内腹股沟疝复发率显著低于A组（5.1%vs.28.1%,P<0.05）,与B组（11.8%）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论腹腔镜下疝修补术具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、并发症少、复发率低等优势,但对操作者要求严格,且医疗费用相对较高。     

新型冠状病毒疫情下食管裂孔疝患者的临床管理策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型引起的急性呼吸道传染病,并已证实可通过呼吸道飞沫和接触在人与人之间传播。食管裂孔疝作为人群中的高发疾病,在抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的形势下,应该予以特别关注。在抗击疫情的特殊时期,对食管裂孔疝患者应采取分类管理的临床策略,指导患者做好个人防护及日常生活管理,制定与疫情防控相适应的入院诊疗护理流程,诊疗过程中加强医护人员自我防护,注重患者的术后康复和随访。在当前医疗资源有限的状况下,使患者得到更加合理有效的诊治。     

先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血围手术期管理策略的对照研究 1

目的探讨先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血围手术期的治疗策略。 方法采用1：1匹配的病例对照研究方法,收集2008年7月至2018年4月就诊于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院40例先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血患儿的病历资料。采用配对t检验比较不同的围手术期管理策略（A组患儿Hb＞70 g/L,B组患儿Hb＞90 g/L时行手术治疗。）对先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血治疗效果的影响。观察并比较两组年龄、体重、性别、术前血红蛋白（Hb）、贫血治疗费用、术前营养情况、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后3个月的血红蛋白等临床结果。A组患儿中有4例消化道出血症状,以呕吐为主诉就诊的10例,以贫血为主诉就诊者10例。其中Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型2例;维吾尔族8例,哈萨克族7例,汉族5例。B组患儿中5例有消化道出血症状,以呕吐为主诉就诊者12例,以贫血为主诉就诊者8例,其中Ⅰ型15例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型2例,维吾尔族5例,汉族15例。两组患者术前资料组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）（表1）。 结果两组患儿的年龄、体重、性别、营养情况,无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。所有患儿术前均给予常规纠正贫血治疗,对所有贫血患儿的行悬浮红细胞输注治疗,A组患儿在Hb＞70 g/L、B组患儿在Hb＞90 g/L时均顺利完成腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术+Nissen胃底折叠术。A组术前纠正贫血时间（5±1.2）d,相关费用（2200±12.5）元,B组术前纠正贫血时间（8±1.5）d,相关费用（2600±13.4）元（P＜0.05）,中出血量、术后住院天数无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。术后随访3个月,两组患儿Hb无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,且所有患儿术后恢复良好,无严重并发症发生。 结论先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血患儿适当放宽手术指征,尽早完成手术根治先天性食管裂孔疝是治疗贫血的有效措施。     

Developmental outcomes of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A multicenter prospective study

Purpose

To determine developmental outcomes and associated factors in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at 2 years of age.

Methods

This is a multicenter prospective study of a CDH birth cohort. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected. Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-II) were performed at 2 years of age.

Results

BSID-III and VABS-II assessments were completed on 48 and 49 children, respectively. The BSID-III mean cognitive, language, and motor scores were significantly below the norm mean with average scores of 93 ± 15, 95 ± 16, and 95 ± 11. Ten percent (5/47) scored more than 2 standard deviations below the norm on one or more domains. VABS-II scores were similar to BSID-III scores with mean communication, daily living skills, social, motor, adaptive behavior scores of 97 ± 14, 94 ± 16, 93 ± 13, 97 ± 10, and 94 ± 14. For the BSID-III, supplemental oxygen at 28 days, a prenatal diagnosis, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and exclusive tube feeds at time of discharge were associated with lower scores. At 2 years of age, history of hospital readmission and need for tube feeds were associated with lower scores. Lower socioeconomic status correlated with lower developmental scores when adjusted for significant health factors.

Conclusion

CDH patients on average have lower developmental scores at 2 years of age compared to the norm. A need for ECMO, oxygen at 28 days of life, ongoing health issues and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with developmental delays.     

Cardiorespiratory complications after laparoscopic hernia repair in term and preterm babies

Purpose

The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence of postoperative complications in infants undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair within the first six months of life.

Methods

Retrospective, single-institution study comparing term and preterm babies undergoing surgery between March 2005 and September 2012. The charts were reviewed for postoperative complications and pre-existing diseases.

Results

In the term group 188 of 199 babies (94.5%) had an uneventful postoperative course. Eleven patients (5.5%) presented postoperative complications, three of them (1.5%) developed severe respiratory complications. A relation between pre-existing diseases and postoperative complications could be identified in two patients. Laparoscopy possibly induced cardiorespiratory instability in one infant.In the preterm group 109 of 137 babies (79.6%) had an uneventful postoperative course. 28 preterm infants (20.4%) developed postoperative complications, seven of them (5.1%) presented severe respiratory complications. Pre-existing diseases were identified as an influencing factor in 22 preterm infants. In one patient laparoscopy possibly caused minor instability of a pre-existing cardiac anomaly.

Conclusions

Postoperative complications are low in both groups, although the incidence is increased in preterm infants. Pre-existing diseases are a major influencing factor for preterm infants. In very few infants laparoscopy may have induced instability of cardiac anomalies.