佳沽士含三氯生牙膏和佳沽士防蛀修复牙膏抑菌作用的比较研究

目的：比较佳洁士含三氯生牙膏和佳洁士防蛀修复牙膏的抑菌效果及作用时间。方法：选用变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌等为实验菌株，用微孔板微量液体稀释法对两种牙膏进行细菌敏感实验，比较二者对不同菌株的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）；并选择22名受试者，在晚间和清晨分别使用两种牙膏按指定方法刷牙后，观察两种牙膏抑菌作用的持续时间。结果：①含三氯生牙膏对5种菌的抑菌浓度均低于防蛀修复牙膏。@22名受试者使用含三氯生牙膏刷牙后，清晨抑菌作用保持率为81．8％，日间检出率下降，为40．9％；防蛀修复组抑菌作用保持率为0。统计学差异具有显著性意义。结论：佳洁士含三氯生牙膏抑菌作用较强，使用后能持续发挥抑菌作用，其夜间抑菌作用优于日间。     

A preliminary study of the relationship between antibiotic administration and changes in bacteriological profile of wound infection in a burn unit

Objective:To investigate the relationship between antibiotic administration and the changes in bacteriological profile in a burn unit. Methods: The data of consumption of different kinds of antibiotics, including total antibiotic consumption [expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)] as well as pathogen identification, were collected in a 8-year period. The constituent ratios of different kinds of antibiotics in total antibiotic consumption to isolation rates of various species of bacteria were calculated, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: Within this period, it was found that the aminoglycosides and first generation cephalosporins were used less frequently, while the polypeptides, carbopenem and macrolides were used proportionally more. At the same time, the isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were gradually increased. The constituent ratios of predominant pathogens were correlated to the different kinds of antibiotics consumption in the burn unit. Conclusion: The results suggested that the consumption of different antibiotics was closely related to the trends of emergence of bacterial isolates from infected burn wounds. The result might imply that to regulate the administration of certain antibiotics might help decrease the emergence of certain pathogenic bacteria in burn infections.     

医院感染常见细菌分布与耐药性分析

目的了解细菌分布及常见细菌的耐药性。方法回顾性分析某院2000—2004年临床标本分离的细菌及其耐药性监测结果。结果1439株细菌中，革兰阳性菌456株（31．69％），以凝固酶阴性表皮葡萄球菌为多，达206株（45．18％），其次为金黄色葡萄球菌92株（20．18％）；两种葡萄球菌的耐药率相似，对万古霉素耐药率均为0。革兰阴性菌983株，前5位依次为肠杆菌属346株（35．20％），克雷伯菌属164株（16，68％），铜绿假单胞菌155株（15．77％），埃希菌属101株（10．27％），变形杆菌属94株（9．56％）；前5位革兰阴性菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性以半合成青霉索较明显，铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性较突出。结论应高度重视细菌变迁和耐药性监测，提高抗菌药物合理应用水平。     

EGSB反应器中SRB污泥颗粒化的工艺条件

采用小试规模的EGSB反应器,接种厌氧絮状污泥,培养出SRB颗粒污泥并研究了SRB颗粒污泥形成的工艺条件与影响因素。研究表明,进水SO4^2-负荷、碳氮磷源、COD与SO4^2-质量浓度比、反应器的启动方式、水力负荷、微量元素、H2S、pH、温度等是影响SRB污泥颗粒化的主要工艺条件。     

Effect of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK) on allergen-induced peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils in mice

BACKGROUND: The interest in anti-allergy immunoregulation by lactic acid bacteria has been growing for the last few decades. There is some evidence to suggest that lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK) could relieve the clinical symptoms of pollinosis. However, the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of LFK, a lysozyme treated and heat-killed preparation from the lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 strain, on allergen-induced eosinophil accumulation. METHODS: BALB/c mice were sensitized with ragweed pollen extract, and peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils was induced. A total of 60 mg (0.5 mL) LFK was orally administered to the experimental mouse every day during 21 days of the sensitization period. In addition, LFK 4 mg, 25 mg and 60 mg (each 0.5 mL) were also orally administered to a mouse of each group every day for 21 days. Saline was fed in a dose of 0.5 mL/mouse per day for the same duration as a control. RESULTS: Compared with control mice, LFK-treated mice exhibited decreased ragweed pollen allergen-induced peritoneal accumulation of eosinophils (P = 0.013), which showed a tendency to be in a dose-dependent fashion (P = 0.14). CONCLUSION: The results provide laboratory evidence of the role for LFK, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, in combating eosinophil accumulation.     

建立一种粪便细菌学检验的新方法--肠道菌谱分析(初步报告)

目的 建立一种以粪便标本细菌菌谱分析为主要内容的细菌学检验方法。方法 取粪便标本直接涂片做革兰染色，镜检观察标本中细菌数量、种类及比例，并进行显微照相；对粪便标本进行菌群培养，分离病原菌，并与镜检结果进行对照；将照片进行分类。建立菌群失调和病原菌感染的图谱。同时以正常大便菌谱作对照。结果 因菌群失调导致的腹泻。直接镜检表现为细菌数量和种类普遍减少，或某一类细菌增多或减少，或呈单一种类细菌；由某种病原菌引起的腹泻，直接涂片多数只能见到革兰阴性杆菌，且细菌数量少或极少，一般均与培养结果相符。结论 粪便细菌菌谱分析能直接或间接为临床提供腹泻患者的肠道微生态资料，尤其能准确地提示因各种原因造成菌群失调而导致的腹泻，为临床诊断和制定治疗方案提供快捷、科学的依据。     

盐酸普罗帕酮注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的确立

目的：验证盐酸普罗帕酮注射液细菌内毒素检查法的可行性。方法：通过抑制／增强试验确定盐酸普罗帕酮注射液的有效稀释浓度和细菌内毒素限值。结果：0．35mg/ml的盐酸普罗帕酮溶液无干扰作用，其内毒素限值符合规定。结论：盐酸普罗帕酮注射液可用细菌内毒素检查法来控制其细菌内毒素含量。     

重型病毒性肝炎医院感染病原微生物的检测

①目的 了解重型病毒性肝炎病人医院感染病原微生物的分布及耐药情况。②方法 对595例重型病毒性肝炎住院病人进行医院感染的调查分析，并用分离培养法鉴定感染菌，使用E-test法进行耐药谱的检测。③结果 在595例病人中，有182例发生医院感染，感染率为30.6%，感染部位以腹腔为主，占49.7%，共分离出病原菌188株，以革兰阴性杆菌为主，占75.4%，多数感染菌对常用抗生素耐药。④结论 重型病毒性肝炎医院感染发生率较高，应引起足够重视。     

临床医师处方抗菌药物前需思考的几个问题

2001年和2003年卫生部全国医院感染监测网调查结果均显示,医院横断面抗菌药物的平均使用率在54%以上,联合用药较为普遍.国内监测结果也表明细菌耐药性日益严重.针对上述问题,提出临床医师在面对病人开处方抗菌药物之前,须思考的问题:是否有使用抗菌药物的适用症?是否了解选用的抗菌药物,选用何种药物?是否有联合使用抗菌药物的指征?采用何种给药途径、给药剂量、给药时间?是否属于特殊宿主或针对特殊病原体的感染使用抗菌药物?密切观察抗菌药物治疗是否有效?针对局部感染是否需要穿刺或外科手术引流病灶?是否已出现抗菌药物的不良反应?是否存在药物相互作用?是否存在不合理使用抗菌药物情况?并且针对每个问题提出了建议.