Local blood flow changes in malignant brain tumours under induced hypertension

Summary Changes in tumour blood flow under an induced hypertensive state were examined in malignant brain tumours to know if the precondition for the effectiveness of induced hypertensive chemotherapy — relative increase in tumour blood flow — are fulfilled. Tumour blood flow was measured under both a resting and an induced hypertensive state in 12 patients with various malignant brain tumours (6 gliomas, 6 metastatic brain tumours) using xenon-enhanced computed tomography. The blood pressure was elevated 40% above the systemic blood pressure of the resting state by the infusion of angiotensin II. Tumour blood flow increased 30% on average above the normal brain tissue blood flow after the induction of an induced hypertensive state (p < 0.05). The tumour blood flow increased in 11 cases of malignant tumours, but decreased in one case with massive brain oedema after induced hypertension. The increase in blood flow was higher in hypervascular tumours and less in hypovascular tumours. Therefore, induced hypertensive chemotherapy probably will be more effective in hypervascular malignant brain tumours with small mass effects.     

Osteoporosis and Back Pain among the Elderly

Questionnaire responses from 120 men and 337 women over the age of 50 years were studied to determine the prevalence of back pain among the elderly. In order to gain a rough indication of the back pain among elderly women which might be due to osteoporosis, the prevalence was compared in the two sexes. The prevalence of back pain without radiation to the legs and concomitant morbidity was found to be similar among men and women up to the 70–79-year age-group. After this age the prevalence was higher in women. Those with exceptional loss of body height or kyphosis had a high prevalence of back pain, while those who had sustained previous hip or radius fractures did not. There was increasing prevalence of back pain among women with increasing number of previous fractures. The study gives little indication of serious morbidity of osteoporosis in the form of back pain before very old age.     

血卟啉衍生物(HpD)—激光对缺血小鼠肾脏的影响—光镜、组化和电镜观察

经尾静脉给雄性昆明小鼠注入HpD(10mg/kg体重),48小时后阻断肾动脉,造成缺血、缺氧的肾脏模型。然后用250—300J/cm~2剂量的630nm波长激光照射小鼠肾脏。最早出现的形态学改变是间质水肿和毛细血管破坏。近端小管上皮细胞在光照后6小时出现形态学改变,其它结构均在光照后24小时发生坏死。超微结构主要是线粒体、内质网和细胞核的破坏。肾酶的损伤程度为Cytox>AKP>ACP>SDH。实验结果表明,断血肾脏对血卟啉光动力学作用敏感性降低,但血管损伤加重。因此,血管损伤不是造成实质细胞损伤的始动因素,氧在血卟啉光动力学作用中是必需的。     

糖皮质激素受体阻断对烫伤大鼠肺、肾血管壁通透性变化的影响

我们以糖皮质激素受体（ＧＲ）的竞争性拮抗剂ＲＵ３８４８６（简称ＲＵ４８６）阻断大鼠体内的ＧＲ，并通过检测肺、肾组织匀浆中荧光标记白蛋白的含量，观察了烫伤后１２ｈ大鼠肺、肾血管壁通透性的变化以及阻断ＧＲ对这种变化的影响。结果显示：烫伤后１２ｈ，大鼠肺、肾组织匀浆中荧光标记白蛋白含量明显高于对照组（肺：Ｐ＜０．０５；肾：Ｐ＜０．００１）；阻断ＧＲ后再烫伤大鼠，其肺、肾组织匀浆中的荧光白蛋白含量又显著高于烫伤组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：①烫伤后１２ｈ，大鼠肺、肾血管壁通透性明显升高。②ＧＲ减少可加重烫伤所致的血管壁通透性升高，并可逆转内源性糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）稳定血管壁通透性的作用。     

头部X线照射后大鼠血清中皮质酮含量和脾细胞中糖皮质激素受体变化及其相互关系的研究

给Wistar大鼠以10Gy X射线头部照射后不同时间测定血清皮质酮含量和脾细胞中糖皮质激素受体,结果表明:头照后24h受体数已降到对照组的25％,以后逐渐回升,至第9天恢复到接近正常水平。头照后受体的最大结合容量有降低趋势,但差异不显著,而Kd值显著增大,亲和力降低。皮质酮含量的变化呈双峰曲线,第1天即显著增高,至第9天仍显著增高,皮质酮含量和受体的变化规律不一致。体外实验还证实了1～10倍血清浓度的皮质酮在短时间内不会引起所测定的GCR改变。证明皮质酮的变化虽然可能是引起受体变化的一个原因,但不是主要原因。     

A new hypothesis for the bone marrow edema pathogenesis during transient osteoporosis

Transient osteoporosis is an infrequent condition of uncertain etiology with pain, limited range of motion and radiographic evidence of osteoporosis affecting one or more joints. It is self-limited, reversible and can involve only the hip (transient osteoporosis of the hip, TOH) or, less frequently, one or more joints contemporaneously or at different times (regional migratory osteoporosis, RMO). We studied four men with transient osteoporosis, including two with TOH and two with RMO. All patients underwent a standard radiographic work-up of the affected joints, arteriovenous Doppler US, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-phase bone scanning. In all patients, symptoms were related to bone marrow edema demonstrated at MRI and to a transitory regional arterial hyperflow observed at the early scintigraphic analysis. On the basis of our observations, we hypothesize that regional arterial hyperflow may be the cause of the bone marrow edema and therefore of the transient osteoporosis.     

继发性骨质疏松防治的研究

目的总结继发性骨质疏松预防与治疗的经验及提出见解.方法用钙代谢平衡的方法研究了钙代谢的基本情况,比较了补钙与不补钙在若干种生理状态对骨密度的影响,总结继发性骨质疏松的病因及对其采取不同方法的治疗经验.结果中国人膳食含钙量属于正常范围低水平状态,与适宜摄入量(AI)比较是不足的,在一定的生理状态下应予补钙.缺钙是原发性骨质疏松与继发性骨质疏松的不利因素.氟中毒骨病、糖尿病、性腺功能减退、肿瘤、糖皮质激素过多和甲亢均有其各别的病理生理,导致继发性骨质疏松,防治方法各异.结论从胚胎至老年都应防治骨质疏松.不同情况采取方法各异,但有效.     

一氧化氮在糖皮质激素性骨质疏松发病中的作用和辛伐他汀对骨代谢的影响

目的探讨一氧化氮(NO)在糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症(GC-OP)发病机制中的作用和辛伐他汀对NO的调控。方法6个月龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组,实验组(A)给予辛伐他汀和地塞米松,模型组(B)给予生理盐水和地塞米松,对照组(C)给予生理盐水。8周后观察第3腰椎显微结构、股骨组织形态计量学、腰椎诱生型一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)和内皮细胞型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)免疫组织化学。结果3组血清NO含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组显微结构与C组相似,B组呈骨质疏松表现。3组eNOS表达的平均灰度值与平均积分吸光度分别为(179.08±4.38)与(0.455±0.019)、(169.42±3.00)与(0.401±0.010)、(181.08±2.31)与(0.463±0.150)。A组明显高于B组(P<0.01),与C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组的骨体积、类骨质表面、类骨质宽度和成骨表面分别为(53.46±2.49)%、(9.52±1.11)%、(3.25±0.19)μm、(9.20±1.37)%,均比B组(42.48±1.95)%、(7.34±0.66)%、(2.72±0.32)μm、(7.43±0.58)%显著增高(P<0.01),与C组(54.69±1.87)%、(9.44±1.13)%、(3.44±0.28)μm、(9.83±1.06)%差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组骨吸收表面的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论eNOS依赖性NO的低表达是GC-OP的重要发病机制,辛伐他汀增强eNOS的表达而有效预防该症的发生。     

Growth hormone is not able to counteract osteopenia of rat cortical bone induced by Glucocorticoid with protracted effect

Osteopenia and inhibited longitudinal growth in childhood are serious side effects during glucocorticoid therapy. The effects of glucocorticoids on bone have been confirmed in animal experiments. Long-term glucocorticoid administration to rats results in reduced body weights, reduced bone growth (length and cross-sectional area), and bone strength. Glucocorticoid treatment also resulted in a reduced bending stress, indicating reduced bone quality. Growth hormone, on the other hand, increased body weights, bone dimensions, and bone strength. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if growth hormone administration would have an anabolic effect on rat bone when given to animals also receiving a high dosage of glucocorticoid. Five groups of female rats, 3.5 months old, were treated as follows: (1) saline control; (2) glucocorticoid (prednisolone: Delcortol 5 mg/kg/day); (3) growth hormone (recombinant human growth hormone 5 mg/kg/day); (4) glucocorticoid and growth hormone; and (5) food restriction, consisting of restricted access to food to reduce their weight gain to match that of the glucocorticoid injected rats. After 80 days of hormone administration the animals were sacrificed. The right femur was removed and tested biomechanically in a three-point bending procedure. The left femur was used for determination of bone dimensions. Biomechanical parameters (ultimate load and ultimate stiffness) were then normalized to diaphyseal cross-sectional diameters of the femur, giving the values of ultimate bending stress and Young's modulus. Results: administration of both hormones simultaneously could not reverse the decrease in body weights, bone length, and diameters, or the decreased bone strength induced by glucocorticoid administration. In conclusion, growth hormone cannot prevent cortical osteopenia in female rats induced by a high dose of glucocorticoid with protracted effect.     

维生素K4、维生素D2对绝经妇女骨折早期骨代谢的影响

为探讨不同剂量水平的维生素K4及维生素D对绝经妇女骨折早期骨代谢的影响。选择年龄60~84岁(72.17±1.216岁),绝经女性骨折病人35例,随机分为4组,分别给予不同剂量的维生素K4及维生素D口服,实验进行20天。通过观察患者服药前后血清钙、血清磷、血清碱性磷酸酶、血清凝血酶原时间及血清骨钙素值的变化,综合评价维生素K、维生素D对老年妇女骨折早期骨代谢的影响。结果显示,不同剂量水平维生素K4、维生素D对绝经妇女骨折早期骨代谢的影响不同,有统计学意义。维生素K4对骨代谢的影响作用超过维生素D,并随剂量水平不同而差异有显著性。但维生素K4、维生素D对骨代谢的影响无交互作用。表明维生素D、维生素K4能促进骨折早期骨代谢,对骨折愈合有一定促进作用,且维生素K的作用强于维生素D。