Effects of running-induced fatigue on plantar pressure distribution in runners with different strike types

BackgroundRunning induced-fatigue is an important factor in running related injuries. Runners with different strike types have different running mechanics and suffer from different injury patterns. Underlying mechanism of this difference is not well understood.Research questionThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of running-induced fatigue on plantar pressure distribution in runners with different strike types.Methods30 rearfoot (age = 21.56 ± 2.28 years; height = 1.67 ± 0.08 m; mass = 61.43 ± 11.57 kg; BMI = 21.77 ± 2.9 kg∙m⁻²) and 30 forefoot (age = 19.73 ± 1.68 years; height = 1.71 ± 0.08 m; mass = 65.7 ± 13.45; BMI = 22.53 ± 3.39 kg∙m⁻²) strike male and female recreational runners were recruited to this study. Participants ran in 3.3 m/s barefoot along the plantar pressure measuring device (Footscan®, Rsscan International) before and after running-induced fatigue. Fatigue protocol was performed on a treadmill. Peak plantar pressure and peak plantar force (% body weight), contact time and medio-lateral force ratio were calculated while running. Repeated measures ANOVA test was used to investigate the effect of running-induced fatigue on plantar pressure variables (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsAfter running-induced fatigue, in the rearfoot strike group, increases in loading of medial and lateral portions of the heel, first metatarsal and big toe was observed, and in lesser toes and in the forefoot push off phase, the medio-lateral force ratio decreased. While, in the forefoot strike group first to third metatarsals loading increased and fifth metatarsal loading decreased after fatigue, and medio-lateral force ratio in the foot flat and forefoot push off phase increased. In both groups contact time increased after fatigue.SignificanceOur data indicate that running-induced fatigue has different effects on plantar pressure distribution pattern in runners with different strike type. These different effects reflect different adaptation strategies in runners with different strike types, and could explain existence of different injury patterns in runners with different strike types.     

手足口病患儿并发症的临床护理干预

目的手足口病患儿并发症运用临床护理干预达到的护理效果进行分析。方法将我院2013年4月~2013年12月收治的140例手足口病患儿进行随机分组,分为对照组与观察组。观察组70例患儿进行护理干预,对照组的70例患儿进行常规护理,最后比较两组患儿的治疗情况。结果观察组的患儿在入院(2.2±0.3)天开始有了病情的好转,住院时间持续(4.9±1.3)天,出现并发症的情况为6.98%,这样的结果均优于对照组的(3.9±0.7)、(8.9±2.8)以及21.00%,两组所存在的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对手足口病患儿并发症进行护理干预,可以明显的缩短患儿住院时间、加速患儿病情好转,并且可以有效地防止并发症的出现。     

Functional characterization of plantar pressure patterns in gait of typically developing children using dynamic pedobarography

BackgroundAbnormal foot posture is a common complaint presented in pediatric and pediatric orthopedic clinics. Functional, objective assessment of foot posture, with the potential for early identification of pathologic foot deformities, has, however, been lacking to date. While quantifying functional and regional impulses via dynamic pedobarography can improve the clinical assessment of children’s feet, normative values have not yet been reported or characterized.Research QuestionThe objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify and characterize the pattern and spectrum of foot impulses in walking-aged, typically developing children; and (2) compare these to impulses from non-disabled adults.MethodsFoot impulses of 102 participants (52 female) in five pre-determined age groups (2−3, 4–6, 7–10, 11−14, 15−17 years) were examined using dynamic pedobarography. Each pressure map (3 per foot per child) was divided according to anatomical foot regions: the hallux, heel, medial forefoot, lateral forefoot, lesser toes (D2 to D5), and midfoot. The impulse was calculated for each region and used to generate regional percent impulses and impulse ratios to assess anteroposterior and mediolateral balance within the foot.ResultsThe impulse through the midfoot was highest in the youngest age group, with a corresponding lower impulse through the medial forefoot. As age advanced, the midfoot impulse decreased (p = 0.001), and the forefoot balance shifted slightly more medially (%Medial Forefoot: p = 0.004; Medial-Lateral Forefoot Balance: p = 0.019). When compared to adults, there were no significant differences between 15−17 year old children and adults in any of the regional percent impulses and impulse ratios. This indicates that skeletal maturity of the foot by late adolescence results in functional characteristics seen in adults.SignificanceThe age-standardized norms of functional and regional impulse measures in children reported in this study can be used as a comparative benchmark in the clinical assessment of children presenting with various foot deformities.     

痰热清联合利巴韦林治疗普通型儿童手足口病的临床疗效研究

目的研究普通型小儿手足口病采用利巴韦林与痰热清注射液的治疗方式所获得的临床效果。方法选取我院的68例小儿手足口病患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组各34例,对照组治疗采用注射利巴韦林,观察组治疗采用注射痰热清联合利巴韦林,观察两组疗效。结果 观察组患儿的疗效明显优于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 对手足口病患儿采用利巴韦林结合痰热清的治疗方式,疗效显著。     

Case Study: An intraoperative finding of black bone disease in a podiatric surgery patient

Black bone disease has been recognised as a potential consequence of long-term treatment with tetracycline antibiotics. Largely documented affecting structures in the head and skull, there are few reported cases of black bone disease in the foot and ankle. The case of a 55 years old patient, who as a teenager, had undergone treatment with minocycline hydrochloride for chronic acne, and was found to have bone discolouration consistent with minocycline induced black bone disease (MIBBD) during the course of hallux valgus corrective surgery some 40 years later, is presented. In spite of the intraoperative findings, the patient’s post-operative recovery and bone healing was uneventful. The literature on minocycline induced black bone disease is reviewed.     

Sudden Foot Drop Caused by Foraminal Gas Pseudocyst

A foraminal gas pseudocyst is a rare cause of lumbar radiculopathy. The association with a sudden foot drop has not been previously reported. Here, a 67-year-old woman with sudden foot drop on the left side is reported. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified a foraminal gas containing lesion compressing the left L5 root at the L5-S1 foramen. The foraminal gas containing lesion compressing the L5 ganglion was successfully removed by the posterior approach. The histological diagnosis was a gas pseudocyst. This unique case of surgically proven gas pseudocyst indicates that it should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with sudden foot drop.