永久起搏器和埋藏式心脏复律除颤器（ICD）在遗传性长QT综合征患者中的应用

目的总结合并窦性心动过缓的遗传性长QT综合征（以下简称遗传性LQTS）患者植入永久起搏器和埋藏式心脏复律除颤器（以下简称ICD）的治疗效果,对比分析这两种治疗在预防患者猝死中的差异。方法对我院从2003年6月到2013年6月出院诊断为遗传性LQTS合并窦性心动过缓、植入了永久起搏器或ICD的全部21例患者,结合门诊、电话和程控随访了解患者的生存状况、手术并发症以及晕厥、室性恶性心律失常的发作情况。结果起搏器组男性2例,女性9例,年龄39.3±14.3岁,随访时间50.6±26.3个月,1例患者猝死,2例患者再发晕厥前兆,其中1例最终更换为ICD。ICD组男性2例,女性8例,年龄34.5±11.9岁,随访时间61.4±43.5个月,3例患者接受了ICD的适当治疗,另2例患者接受了ICD的不适当治疗,1例患者术后出现囊袋感染,1例患者更换为永久起搏器。治疗有效率在起搏器组及ICD组分别为72.7%（8/11）和100.0%（10/10）,未达到统计学差异（p=0.21）。不良事件发生率在起搏器组及ICD组分别为27.3%（3/11）和30.0%（3/10）,也未达到统计学差异（p=0.63）。结论对于不能植入ICD的合并窦性心动过缓的遗传性LQTS患者,植入永久起搏器可能是一个较好的替代方法,但对于QTc≥539ms的患者,只有植入ICD才能预防猝死。植入ICD后长期无心脏事件发生的患者,根据患者意愿,可考虑更换为永久起搏器。     

Onyx闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内远端动脉瘤的随访分析

目的探讨液态栓塞剂Onyx闭塞载瘤动脉治疗颅内远端动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析27例破裂动脉瘤患者(共29个颅内远端动脉瘤)的临床资料。动脉瘤位于小脑后下动脉17个,小脑前下动脉3个,小脑上动脉2个,大脑后动脉2个,大脑前动脉1个,大脑中动脉4个。对28个动脉瘤采用Onyx闭塞近端载瘤动脉及动脉瘤的方式治疗,1个大脑中动脉远端动脉瘤自行闭塞。结果所有治疗动脉瘤均完全闭塞。1例患者因术中出血死亡,其余患者术后随访8~67个月。23例患者最终格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)为5分,3例为4分;17例患者术后DSA随访,5例患者术后CTA随访,动脉瘤均无复发;4例患者临床随访。所有幸存患者未见新的神经功能异常,无再出血。结论中-长期随访结果显示,Onyx闭塞载瘤动脉及动脉瘤治疗颅内远端动脉瘤临床疗效满意,复发率低。     

B型胰岛素抵抗的临床特点分析

目的　了解我国B型胰岛素抵抗（B-IR）患者的临床特点,提高诊治水平。方法　以“B型胰岛素抵抗”为关键词,检索中国知网和万方数据知识服务平台;以“type B insulin resistance”为关键词,检索PubMed数据库,检索2000年1月-2019年1月公开发表的文献,其中PubMed数据库中所检索文献筛选出报道中国患者的文献。根据筛选标准,共纳入13篇文献,15例患者。对其临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及随访情况进行归纳总结。结果　15例患者中男3例,平均年龄（46.3±17.0）岁;女12例,平均年龄（45.3±11.4）岁;年龄24~63岁,平均年龄（45.6±11.6）岁。15例患者均合并自身免疫性疾病,其中12例（12/15）合并1种疾病,3例（3/15）合并两种及以上疾病;9例（9/15）合并系统性红斑狼疮。15例患者中14例以高血糖起病者糖化血红蛋白为（11.9±2.7）%,1例以低血糖起病者糖化血红蛋白为7.6%。11例（11/15）患者空腹血清胰岛素>300 μU/ml,5例（5/15）有高睾酮血症。15例患者中7例（7/15）进行胰岛素受体抗体（AIRA）检测,结果均为阳性;6例（6/15）行13C呼气试验,其中4例阳性,2例阴性。糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂作为治疗该病的主要方案,其中4例（4/15）采用起始大剂量糖皮质激素冲击治疗（甲泼尼龙≥250 mg/d,共3 d）,其余11例（11/15）起始剂量为甲泼尼龙20~40 mg/d或醋酸泼尼松40~60 mg/d。12例（12/15）患者应用小剂量糖皮质激素（甲泼尼龙4~8 mg/d,醋酸泼尼松片2.5~10.0 mg/d）维持治疗。关于起始应用免疫抑制剂的方案,8例（8/15）患者起始选用环磷酰胺治疗,0.4~0.6 g/周起始应用,一般应用1~3周。血糖得以控制的时限为2周~1年。1例患者无随访记录,其余患者均进行随访,时间为2个月~7年。结论　B-IR临床罕见,有比较典型的血糖紊乱、高胰岛素血症和合并自身免疫性疾病,治疗方案主要包括糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂,需密切随访,改善预后。     

Vegetarian vs. conventional diabetic diet – A 1-year follow-up

ObjectiveOur previous 6-month, randomized study demonstrated the beneficial effect of a vegetarian (V) compared to a conventional diet (C) with similar caloric restriction on cardiovascular risk factors for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), namely increased insulin sensitivity, reduced body weight, reduced volume of visceral and subcutaneous fat, decreased LDL-cholesterol and improved oxidative stress markers and chosen adipokines. We conducted post-trial monitoring to determine whether the improved outcomes persisted 1 year after the end of the study.Methods62 subjects with T2D who completed the study were asked to come for a 1-year follow-up to measure weight, waist circumference, HbA1c and blood lipids. No attempts were made to maintain their previously assigned diets.Results44 patients (71%) attended the post-trial monitoring. Hypoglycemic agents were increased by 14% in V and by 26% in C; insulin therapy was introduced in 5% in V and in 13% in C one year after the end of the intervention. Neither weight nor waist circumference changed significantly in either group. HbA1c increased (p ≤ 0.05) similarly in both groups (+0.49 ± 1.04% in V vs. +0.42 ± 0.8% in C). Blood lipids did not change in either group.ConclusionOne year after the end of the intervention, the positive effects of a vegetarian diet on cardiovascular risk factors compared to a conventional diet were partially maintained.     

Five-year follow-up of left ventricular diastolic function in systemic sclerosis patients: Determinants of mortality and disease progression

Objectives

In systemic sclerosis (SSc), left ventricular diastolic dysfunction reflects primary myocardial involvement of the disease. We aimed to assess the abnormalities of the diastolic function, analyze the characteristics of the disease progression, and investigate the prognostic value of diastolic dysfunction in SSc patients.

Patients and methods

A total of 34 SSc patients (57 ± 12 years, 31 female) were involved in the study. The following traditional or tissue Doppler parameters of left ventricular diastolic function were obtained: E/A, lateral E?, E/E?, left ventricular mass index (LVM index), and maximal left atrial (LA) volume index. Measurements were repeated after 5.5 years.

Results

At baseline, diastolic dysfunction was found in 62% of the SSc patients. Follow-up time was 5.4 ± 1.2 years. A total of 6 patients died of heart failure. In univariate Cox regression analysis, age (HR = 1.08, p < 0.05), LVM index (HR = 1.07, p < 0.01), lateral E? (HR = 1.57, p = 0.05), and LA volume index (HR = 1.11, p < 0.01) were predictors of survival. During the follow-up, significant increase in LA volume index (27.5 ± 9.7 vs. 35.4 ± 10.6 cm³/m², p < 0.001) and E/E? was found (7.6 ± 2.5 vs. 8.7 ± 3.8, p < 0.05) while E? did not change (9.6 ± 2.6 vs. 9.2 ± 1.9 cm/s, NS). The increase in LA volume index showed positive correlation (r = 0.46, p < 0.05) while the decrease in E? values showed negative correlation (r = −0.54, p < 0.01) with the duration of the SSc.

Conclusion

In SSc patients, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent and is associated with increased risk of mortality. Our data suggest that in the advanced phase of the disease, the myocardial fibrotic processes burns out while the increase of the filling pressure progresses continuously.     

Longitudinal study of variation in body mass index in middle-aged UK females

The importance of changing patterns of obesity in society and its implications for public health are well recognized. However, the adult life course of body mass index (BMI) changes in individuals over time is largely unknown and has mostly been extrapolated from cross-sectional studies. The present study examines individual specific variation of BMI during a 15-year follow-up period in a community-based sample of UK females. We attempted to establish whether there is a common, generalized pattern which captures variation in BMI over time. The participants of this study belong to a prospective population cohort of British women studied intensively since 1989: the Chingford Study. The sample originally consisted of 1,003 women aged 45-68 years, who were assessed annually for BMI during follow-up period. Polynomial regression models were used to assess longitudinal BMI variation. We observed a great stability in individual BMI variation during the follow-up period, reflected by high correlations between the baseline BMI and follow-up BMI 10 and 15 years later (r = 0.876, N = 810, and r = 0.824, N = 638, respectively). We also found that three different major age-related patterns in BMI could be clearly identified: no change in 30.6% in 58% it increased and in 11.4% it decreased with age. Thus, our data suggest that individual age-related changes in BMI are very different. Therefore, simply combining all individuals into groups by any other criteria (age, sex, etc.) and overlooking the distinctive patterns of BMI change may lead to biased inferences in epidemiologic and etiologic research of the future.     

根除幽门螺杆菌对慢性阻塞性肺病患者临床特征的影响

目的 比较不同治疗方案对慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者Hp感染的根除率,探讨成功根除Hp对COPD患者临床特征的影响.方法 选取2006年12月至2009年12月吉林大学中日联谊医院Hp感染的稳定期COPD患者89例并分为根除组和不根除组,其中根除组又分为克拉霉素组和莫西沙星组.三组皆接受常规COPD治疗.克拉霉素组联用埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素、胶体次枸橼酸铋.莫西沙星组联用埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、胶体次枸橼酸铋、莫西沙星.患者分别在入组时及随访12个月时接受肺功能检测、运动耐力评价、呼吸困难评分、健康相关生活质量评分,并统计1年内COPD急性发作的次数.统计学处理采用x2检验和t检验.结果 克拉霉素组Hp根除率[48.4％(15/31)]低于莫西沙星组[87.1％(27/31)],差异有统计学意义(x2=4.22,P=0.032).27例不根除组患者第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比的下降程度与53例成功根除Hp者比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.677,P=0.265).入组时与随访12个月时比较,53例成功根除Hp者6 min步行距离、Borg呼吸困难评分、圣乔治呼吸问题调查问卷总评分均获有统计学意义的改善(t=1.884、1.877、1.773,P=0.032、0.025、0.034),27例不根除组患者则皆未获改善.53例成功根除Hp者1年内平均COPD急性发作次数(1.2次)与不根除组(1.9次)比较差异有统计学意义(t=1.812,P=0.034).结论 COPD患者接受含莫西沙星的Hp根除方案或可获较高的Hp根除率.Hp感染的COPD患者根除Hp可在一定程度上提高运动耐力,减轻呼吸困难,提高生活质量,减少急性发作次数.     

233例结直肠腺瘤摘除术后随访和内镜监测的临床分析

目的 了解结直肠腺瘤(CRA)摘除后复发情况和结肠镜监测现状,探讨CRA复发的相关危险因素.方法 收集2005年6月至2009年12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院符合研究标准283例CRA摘除住院患者临床资料并进行随访.统计分析CRA摘除后复发率,结肠镜监测间期和CRA复发的关系及CRA复发的相关危险因素;分析肠镜监测组监测间期、频次,及未行监测的原因.结果 共随访CRA摘除后患者235例,随访率83.0％(235/283),其中生存患者233例,随访时间最短者12个月,最长66个月,随访时间中位数为(35.1±14.2)个月.结肠镜监测组患者115例,监测率为49.4％(115/233),复发率45.0％(50/111),未监测组118例;年龄≥60岁、体重指数≥25kg/m2、多发腺瘤(≥2个)与CRA复发明显相关,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别=4.299、5.291和8.883,P值分别=0.038、0.021和0.027);未监测组患者对CRA需要定期监测的知晓率明显低于监测组,差异有统计学意义(x2=37.819,P＜0.01).结论 CRA摘除术后复发率较高;高龄、高体重指数、多发腺瘤是预测CRA复发的独立危险因素;我院CRA摘除后结肠镜监测率低,主要原因在于患者对CRA摘除后定期监测重要性的认识不足.     

Elective day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a formal assessment of the need for outpatient follow-up

Introduction

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is performed routinely as day-case surgery. Most hospital trusts have a policy of no routine postoperative outpatient follow-up although there are no formal guidelines on this. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the incidence of complications, the degree of symptom resolution and patient satisfaction with a view to formally appraising the need for outpatient follow-up.

Methods

Patients who underwent LC in the period between February 2011 and June 2012 were contacted retrospectively by telephone. A standardised questionnaire was used to ascertain the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), other complications, symptom resolution and patient satisfaction.

Results

A total of 211 responses were collected. The rate of SSI was 7.6% (n=16), with the only specific risk factor being smoking (p=0.027). All other complications had a combined incidence of 7% (n=15). There was complete resolution of symptoms in 64% of patients. Of the 36% of patients with residual symptoms, 45% described abdominal discomfort or pain, 41% described reflux symptoms and 14% complained of diarrhoea. Patient satisfaction was very high (96%), yet 33% of patients visited their general practitioner postoperatively in relation to their surgery.

Conclusions

Patients are highly satisfied with elective day-case LC. However, SSI is not uncommon, occurring in 1 in 13 patients. Although the majority of patients experience complete symptom resolution, a significant proportion do not. In our experience, routine outpatient follow-up is not required. Nevertheless, the lack of formal follow-up may prove a missed learning opportunity, potentially resulting in inappropriate patient selection for surgery.     

下肢重建方式对Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术后疗效的影响

 目的 探讨不同重建方式恢复单侧Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)的患肢长度后关节功能与患者满意度的差异。方法 将21例拟行全髋关节置换术的单侧Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者随机分为代偿长度组11例(转子下截骨后按照代偿法测得的双下肢长度差重建患肢长度)和绝对长度组10例(按照双下肢绝对长度差重建患肢长度)。平均随访10年,比较两组患者Harris髋关节评分和健康调查简表SF-36(the MOS item short form health survey,SF-36)评分;以翻修作为终点,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法评估假体生存率;根据症状及X线表现评价关节功能和假体松动情况。结果 17例获得随访,随访时间8~10年。两组患者Harris髋关节评分、主要的SF-36评分和假体生存率的差异无统计学意义,代偿长度组患者SF-36评分的“心理健康”项优于绝对长度组。10例出现聚乙烯磨损, 6例出现大转子区严重骨质疏松,3例骨溶解。5例翻修：1例感染、1例假体周围骨折、3例无菌性松动。结论 两种不同重建方式的全髋关节置换术后髋关节功能和假体生存率无差异。绝对长度组患者手术满意度低于代偿长度组,术后持续感觉双下肢不等长。