Norsk Psykiatrisk Forening: Årsberetning for tiden 18. 6. 60.-3. 6. 61

Haver B. Longitudinal study of female alcoholics. Clinical implications.

The article reviews findings from follow-up studies of treated female alcoholics. At a group level, women seem to have an equal or even somewhat better treatment outcome compared with male alcoholics. The presence of psychiatric disorders like anxiety and depression is correlated to a better treatment outcome in women, but not in men. In the individual cases, a complicated interaction between factors related to life events, maturation and living conditions might precipitate turning points in the women's drinking careers. Treatment can possibly instigate turning points as well as reinforce the effects of naturally occurring turning points, by inducing cognitive, behavioural and psychodynamic changes inherent in the process of change. The reported results are mostly based on studies of women alcoholics coming to treatment late in their drinking careers. The treatment programs rarely address the special treatment needs of female alcoholics and their families. Therefore, better results might be obtained by developing special treatment programs for women alcoholics, attracting women to come to treatment earlier in their drinking careers.     

Developmental pathways of language and social communication problems in 9–11 year olds: Unpicking the heterogeneity

This paper addressed relations between language, social communication and behaviour, and their trajectories, in a sample of 9–11-year-olds (n = 91) who had been referred to clinical services with concerns about language as pre-schoolers. Children were first assessed at 2½–4 years, and again 18 months later.Results revealed increasing differentiation of profiles across time. By 9–11 years, 11% of the sample had social communication deficits, 27% language impairment, 20% both, and 42% neither. The size of group differences on key language and social communication measures was striking (2–3 standard deviations). Social communication deficits included autistic mannerisms and were associated with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBDs); in contrast, language impairment was associated with hyperactivity only. Children with both language and social communication problems had the most severe difficulties on all measures.These distinct school-age profiles emerged gradually. Investigation of developmental trajectories revealed that the three impaired groups did not differ significantly on language or SEBD measures when the children were first seen. Only low performance on the Early Sociocognitive Battery, a new measure of social responsiveness, joint attention and symbolic understanding, differentiated the children with and without social communication problems at 9–11 years. These findings suggest that some children who first present with language delay or difficulties have undetected Autism Spectrum Disorders which may or may not be accompanied by language impairment in the longer term. This new evidence of developmental trajectories starting in the preschool years throws further light on the nature of social communication and language problems in school-age children, relations between language impairment and SEBDs, and on the nature of early language development.     

后续经动脉化疗栓塞术介入应用于胆管癌并阻塞性黄疸治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨后续经动脉化疗栓塞术介入在胆管癌并阻塞性黄疸治疗中的临床价值。方法：选择2009年1月一2010年12月在本院进行治疗的胆管癌并阻塞性黄疸患者中能有效接受随访者为研究对象，共38例，所有入选患者均经病理检查证实。机械抽样随机将其中的11例分为A组，采取常规EMBE介入治疗；余27例分为B组，在常规EMBE介入治疗后加用局部灌注栓塞化疗术。结果：B组术后2W血清TBIL及DBIL均显著低于A组（P〈0．05）；血清STP和A水平显著高于A组（P〈O．05）；无进展生存期显著长于A组（P〈0．05）；总生存期显著长于A组（P〈0．05）。结论：对于胆管癌并阻塞性黄疸的患者，EMBE术后加用后续经动脉化疗栓塞术，可显著降低胆红素水平，有效改善肝功能，提高患者生存期。     

Ⅰ期植骨联合非接触钢板技术治疗股骨创伤后感染性骨缺损八例

2012年7月至2015年7月，兰州军区兰州总医院对8例股骨创伤后骨髓炎患者彻底清创后采用锁定钢板非接触技术固定骨折端，钢板置于大腿外侧皮下、股外侧肌的外侧。Ⅰ期切取不带皮质髂骨颗粒状松质骨植在清创后血运良好的骨缺损部位，尽量充满死腔，术后放置引流管。8例均顺利完成手术，手术时间120～150 min，平均（130±10）min；术后使用抗菌药物6周；引流管平均放置时间为8 d左右；患者随访12～48个月，平均（19±7）个月。其中7例术后复查X线摄片显示骨愈合，平均愈合时间为（16±5）周；1例感染复发，再次清创后改行骨搬移术。8例均未发生钢板及螺丝钉断裂、松动及固定失败。     

Long-term clinical effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a case series study

ObjectiveCognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recognized as the first-choice intervention for insomnia. One of the best-known advantages of CBT-I in comparison with pharmacotherapy is its long-term effect. However, only few studies have assessed its benefits with follow-up periods of longer than three years. In this clinical case series study we aimed to describe the long-term effects of group CBT-I after a mean 7.8 ± 1.6 years of follow-up (range 4–10 years).MethodsA total of 292 insomnia disorder (ID) patients were consecutively enrolled at the Sleep Disorders Center of San Raffaele Hospital, Milan; 123 patients (82 (66.7%) females and 41 (33.3%) males, mean age 40.59 ± 11.89 years) completed the follow-up evaluation within a range of 4–10 years.ResultsIn the 258 patients who completed the treatment, insomnia severity index (ISI) total score improved significantly as well as all variables of the sleep diaries. Using ISI as the primary outcome, we demonstrated that the effect of CBT-I is maintained up to 10 years after the end of treatment. Furthermore, we found that patients that used only CBT-I techniques to deal with relapses were the ones with better outcomes, in particular compared to the patients that re-used medications.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge this is the longest follow-up evaluation in the literature, both for group and individual CBT-I. These findings have an important clinical implication both suggesting and confirming that CBT-I can be considered the treatment of choice for insomnia.     

谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体在临床初诊2型糖尿病病程中的演变

目的观察谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADAb)在临床初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)病程中的变化情况。方法在我院内分泌科连续入组病程1年以内的初诊T2DM患者共303例。每半年或1年复查GADAb,每年复查空腹C肽,每3个月检测糖化血红蛋白。随访1~6(中位数1·2)年。结果入组时GADAb阴性的265例患者随访2年内保持阴性不变;38例GADAb阳性,随访结束时16例转阴;5例表现为抗体阳性→阴性→阳性波动;17例始终保持抗体阳性。GADAb整体上随病程发展其滴度减低(P<0·05),且其变化仅与初始抗体滴度呈负相关(P<0·01)。结论GADAb在临床初诊T2DM病程中存在变化。单次检测GADAb有可能漏诊自身免疫性糖尿病。     

Detection of Lymphatic Micrometastases in Patients With Stages I and II Colorectal Cancer: Impact on Five-Year Survival

PURPOSE: Despite having removed the whole macroscopic disease (curative intent surgery), one of five patients with Stages I and II colorectal cancer will develop recurrence. Lymphatic micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry could be one of explanation for recurrence and cancer-related death in patients without lymph node involvement at light microscopy. However, the biologic importance of micrometastases remains unclear. This study was designed to determine the impact of micrometastases in five-year survival in patients with Stages I and II colorectal cancer.METHODS: This retrospective study included patients operated on between May 1989 and January 1999 for colorectal cancer without histopathologic lymph node involvement. Patients who received any adjuvant therapy were excluded. Immunohistochemical staining of the lymph nodes was performed with antipancytokeratin antibodies. Follow-up data were obtained from the clinical database and death certificates. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.RESULTS: Micrometastases were observed in 26 of 90 patients (28.9 percent). The mean follow-up time was 90.7 (range, 11–160) months. Seventeen cancer-related deaths occurred during follow-up (18.9 percent), 6 of them in patients with micrometastases (23.1 percent) and 11 in patients without micrometastases (17.2 percent; P = 0.559). Cancer-specific five-year survival was 87 percent in the whole group and 81 percent in patients positive for micrometastases vs. 90 percent in negative patients (P = 0.489).CONCLUSIONS: The presence of micrometastases in patients with Stages I and II colorectal cancer seems not to have any impact on cancer-specific survival.Supported by the Apertus Research Program (Andromaco Pharmaceutical Company) and by The National Public Grant (FONDECYT #1000556).     

Fever of unknown origin in a Mediterranean survey from a division of internal medicine: report of 91 cases during a 12-year-period (1991–2002)

Despite the availability of all advanced diagnostic tools, fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a diagnostic challenge for physicians. The objective was to define, through a retrospective study, the categories of the diseases of Sicilian patients admitted at the Department of Clinical Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Italy, for classical FUO. Using the registration system for patients admitted from 1991 to 2002, 508 charts of patients admitted because of fever were reviewed. Of these, only 91 patients fulfilled the criteria for classical FUO. The origin of FUO was diagnosed in 62 (68.1%) patients. Infection was the most common cause of FUO with 29 cases (31.8% of total of FUO), neoplasms accounted for 13 cases (14.2%), collagen vascular disease for 11 cases (12.0%), and miscellaneous for 9 cases (9.8%). Undiagnosed FUO were 29 (31.8%) and, of them, 22 cases were followed-up for 2 years. A definite diagnosis could be established only in 8 cases, 13 subjects completely recovered and 4 of them died. In the 73.4% of cases, the FUO have been the result of misleading factors in the diagnostic approaches as made by the physician. The results of our study are similar to those already reported by other authors in other populations, with infections as first, neoplasm as second, and collagen vascular diseases as third most important causes of FUO. In our study the prognosis for undiagnosed FUO cases was good, but a definite diagnosis could be established only in few cases. Therefore, further multicentric, prospective studies of good design are required.