浅析高校贫困学生资助管理模式存在的问题及对策

随着高校招生规模的不断扩大,家庭贫困的学生人数也在逐年攀升,这成为了国家、社会和高校共同关注的问题。2007年,国家颁布了《关于建立健全普通本科高校、高等职业学校和中等职业学校家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系的意见》。新资助政策体系的建立,虽然在实践中起到一定积极作用,但在具体实施过程中陆续暴露出界定及资助标准单一、经济困难学生自身认识不足等问题。     

Ageing as a global public health challenge: From complexity reduction to aid effectiveness

Since 2002, ageing populations worldwide have received increasing attention by global policy-makers. However, resources committed by inter-governmental donors and US-based private foundations in support of ageing-related policies and interventions in non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries have remained minimal during this decade and, where mobilised, have rarely responded to actual country-level demographics and institutional capacities. We argue that this lag between issue recognition and effective resource mobilisation, while mirroring known dynamics in global agenda-setting, has also been caused by a depiction of ageing as a uniform trend across the Global South. We develop and apply a comprehensive analytical framework to assess the state of ageing dynamics at the country level and uncover substantial regional and sub-regional variation. In response, we suggest replacing complexity reduction in the interest of issue recognition with targeted support for a more nuanced research agenda and policy debate on country-specific ageing dynamics in order to inform and catalyse effective international assistance.     

The cocktail party effect

The main advantages of wearing 2 ear level hearing aids are the possibilities of directional hearing and of avoiding the acoustical head shadow. These effects are rather easy to measure. There exists another effect which would seem, at first sight, to be of major importance: The fact that in an environment of hampering sounds one understands better with 2 ears than with only 1: the cocktail party effect (CPE).

As in already described [Kuyper and de Boer, 1969] there are many ways to measure and even to define the CPE. The most natural way (and the best if one investigates hearing aids) is to use loudspeakers. Carhart [1965] describes a method which avoids the effect of head shadow. Unfortunately it was impossible for us to obtain in double prothetized subjects an effect which was greater than the variance.

In order to avoid this variance we improved a method developed by Feldmann in 1963, and in this way succeeded in obtaining significant results for each single subject.

Applying this method on prothetized subjects, forced us to use the telephone coil instead of the microphone of the post-aural hearing-aids.     

颈椎损伤的现场救治

颈椎损伤是院前急救工作中的常见病、多发病。及时正确的现场救治对于挽救颈椎损伤患者的生命和改善预后具有极为重要的意义。本文结合笔者近年来的临床、教学经验和相关文献分析,就颈椎损伤的现场急救做一简要介绍,可为相关临床工作者提供参考。     

The contribution of self‐help/mutual aid groups to mental well‐being

This article explores the contribution of self‐help/mutual aid groups to mental well‐being. Self‐help/mutual aid groups are self‐organising groups where people come together to address a shared a health or social issue through mutual support. They are associated with a range of health and social benefits, but remain poorly understood. This article draws on data from stage one of ESTEEM, a project which runs from 2010 to 2013. Stage one ran from 2010 to 2011 and involved participatory, qualitative research carried out in two UK sites. Twenty‐one groups were purposively selected to include a range of focal issues, longevity, structures and ethnic backgrounds. Researchers carried out 21 interviews with group coordinators and twenty group discussions with members to explore the groups' purpose, nature and development. Preliminary analysis of the data suggested that mental well‐being was a common theme across the groups. Subsequently the data were re‐analysed to explore the groups' contribution to mental well‐being using a checklist of protective factors for mental well‐being as a coding framework. The findings showed that groups made a strong contribution to members' mental well‐being by enhancing a sense of control, increasing resilience and facilitating participation. Group members were uplifted by exchanging emotional and practical support; they gained self‐esteem, knowledge and confidence, thereby increasing their control over their situation. For some groups, socio‐economic factors limited their scope and threatened their future. The article provides an evidence‐base which illustrates how self‐help/mutual aid groups can enhance mental well‐being. If supported within a strategy for social justice, these groups enable people with varied concerns to develop a tailored response to their specific needs. The authors suggest that policy‐makers engage with local people, investing in support proportionate to the needs of different populations, enabling them to develop their own self‐help/mutual aid groups to enhance their sense of mental well‐being.     

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with extra-mammillary Paget’s disease: a case report

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a very rare systemic disease with variable phenotypic presentation and a high rate of misdiagnosis. Here we describe a patient with MRH and extra-mammillary Paget’s disease (EMPD), a diagnosis that has not previously been described in the literature.     

抢救心得交流在提高ICU护士急救能力中的应用

目的探讨抢救心得交流在提高ICU护士急救能力中的应用效果。方法根据ICU工作年限和工作能力进行分层管理,不同层次明确抢救心得的交流次数,确定交流范围和内容,由N3级及以上护士进行分析、点评、指导,护士长点评总结,择优进行表彰学习。结果护士应急理论、急救技能操作考核合格率及医生对护士抢救配合的满意度均提高(P0.01)。结论抢救心得交流能激发护士学习的主观能动性,提高ICU护士的急救能力。     

The Impact of Psychosis on Sexual Functioning: A Systematic Review

BackgroundSexual dysfunction among psychotic patients is highly prevalent. However, most research has focused on antipsychotic side effects on sexual functioning.AimTo provide evidence by means of a systematic review of the literature about the impact of psychosis on sexual functioning among unmedicated patients.MethodsSystematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies that reported sexual functioning among psychotic patients, who were drug-naïve or drug-free for at least 3 weeks before the study. Studies were published in English language between January 1994 and October 2019. We used the approach recommended by PRISMA, and the selection process was carried out by 2 reviewers.OutcomesThe outcome measures were sexual function and sexual dysfunctions.ResultsA total of 734 articles were obtained, 658 were obtained after duplicates were removed, 612 were excluded after reading the title and abstract, and 46 were included for a complete review of the articles. 5 papers were finally included. A total of 770 cases were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in psychosis varied from 16.8% to 70% and in ultra-high state was 50%. It is noteworthy that those ultra–high-risk (prodromal) patients who develop psychosis had higher rates of sexual impairment. Therefore, we found higher rates of sexual dysfunction among untreated patients, both psychotic and ultra-high risk patients, than healthy controls.Clinical ImplicationsThe assessment of sexual behavior should be a part of routine psychiatric examination not only in psychotic but also in ultra–high-risk patients.Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first systematic review about the impact of psychosis on sexual functioning among unmedicated patients. However, scarce and heterogeneous studies were identified.ConclusionsImpaired sexual functioning is common in the onset of psychosis (or during ultra–high-risk state) and prior to the beginning of treatment. This suggests that psychotic symptoms and sexual dysfunction may have common etiological pathways at the psychosocial and neurobiological levels.Vargas-Cáceres S, Cera N, Nobre P, et al. The Impact of Psychosis on Sexual Functioning: A Systematic Review. J Sex Med 2021;18:457–466.