中枢和外周脑钠素(BNP)调节醛固酮分泌的不同作用

将BNP和AT-Ⅱ、ACTH AVP单独或BNP与这3种肽分别合并在大鼠icv或iv注入后观察血Ald浓度的变化。实验结果表明:①iv给予AVP(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))、ACTH(5μg/3ml·h~(-1))和AT-Ⅱ(5 v.g/3 ml·h(-1)),1h后均能增加血Ald的浓度。iv给予BNP(5μg/3ml·h(-1))能明显抑制AVP和ACTH的刺激作用,而不影响AT-Ⅱ的刺激作用。②icv给予BNP(2 Vg/10 pl NS)能降低血Aid浓度。icv给予AVP(2μg/10μl NS)能增加血Aid浓度,但ACTH(2μg/10μl NS)和AT-Ⅱ(2μg/10μl NS)无此种作用。但如脑室同时给予BNP(2μg/10μlNS)却可明显刺激Aid分泌。③icv注入BNP对外周注入的3种多肽的刺激作用无任何影响。从上述的实验结果可看出:脑内BNP可“反常”地增加AT-Ⅱ、ACTH和AVP对Ald分泌的刺激作用,与外周抑制AVP,ACTH的刺激作用不同。而脑内BNP不影响这3种多肽的外周刺激作用。结论是脑内BNP以其独特的方式调节Ald的分泌,控制水盐代谢。     

内镜鼻胆管引流术在腹腔镜和开腹胆总管探查术中的应用

目的　评价内镜鼻胆管引流术 (Endoscopicnasobiliarydrainage ,ENBD)配合腹腔镜和常规开腹手术治疗胆总管结石的疗效。　方法　回顾分析 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月应用ENBD配合完成腹腔镜胆总管探查、I期缝合术 4 4例及开腹胆总管探查、I期缝合术 34例。　结果　 78例均手术成功 ,术后无胆漏、胆道出血、胆管炎等并发症。术中结石取净率 10 0 % (78 78)。术后住院时间 :腹腔镜组为 (6 2±1 3)d ,开腹组为 (7 4± 2 1)d。随访 5 7例 ,时间 (1～ 4 5 )年 ,平均 2 6年 ,腹部彩色B超检查无胆管狭窄及结石复发。　结论　ENBD配合腹腔镜和开腹胆总管探查取石、胆总管I期缝合术安全、可靠。     

犯罪青少年个性与父母养育方式的相关研究

目的 分析和探讨犯罪青少年个性和父母养育方式的特点及父母养育方式对犯罪青少年个性特质的影响。方法 以河南省某少年管教所少年犯240人为研究组，以240名在校中学生240名为对照组，采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)和父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)对两组被试进行集体施测。结果 犯罪青少年个性具有N(情绪性)分和P(精神质)分高、E(内外向)分低的特点；其父母养育方式表现出低情感温暖、理解，高惩罚严厉、高拒绝否认和过分偏爱的特点。犯罪青少年个性4个维度与其父母养育方式的绝大多数因子存在显相关关系。结论 犯罪青少年人格具有偏离正常的倾向，其父母养育方式失当可能是造成犯罪青少年人格偏差的重要因素。     

Kynurenine aminotransferase activity in human liver: identity with human hepatic C-S lyase activity and a physiological role for this enzyme

The C-S lyase enzymes are responsible for the generation of mutagenic and cytotoxic metabolites via aberrant drug-metabolising pathways in mammalian tissues. We have examined human hepatic cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions for evidence of C-S lyase activity. The cytosolic enzyme was purified using fast protein liquid chromatography over FFQ Sepharose, Mono P and Superose 12. An homogeneous protein (monitored by SDS-PAGE) was obtained following purification, and an 11-fold increase in C-S lyase specific activity was observed. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 37 kDa in denaturing conditions, 82.3 kDa in non-denaturing conditions, and the C-S lyase activity was shown to co-purify with kynurenine aminotransferase activity when the transaminase activity of the enzyme was examined with kynurenine as the substrate.     

甲氟哌酸体外抗菌活性及对耐药感染者的治疗

对天津市新近临床分离的414株细菌进行了甲氟哌酸(Pflx)和氟哌酸(Nflx)体外抗菌活性研究。结果显示Pflx对绝大多数肠杆菌和细菌、不动杆菌有良好抗菌活性,抑菌率>90％。对绿脓杆菌、MSSA及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌有中度抗菌作用,抑菌率分别为85％、87.5％、87.5％。对MRSA和链球菌抗菌活性稍差,抑菌率在40％～68.42％之间。Nflx体外抗菌活性和Pflx相似。此外,18例药敏试验耐Pflx和Nflx细菌感染患者,经Pflx治疗,肺化脓症1例显效,余17例难治性尿路感染者1例痊愈、9例显效、5例进步、2例无效。     

血康口服液与他莫昔芬联合治疗免疫性血小板减少性紫癜疗效观察

联合应用血康口服液和他莫昔芬治疗成人免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)20例。疗程超过2月。15例患者的血小板(BPC)计数明显上升,有效率为75％(15/20),对于激素治疗无效者,仍有良效。对月经过多者和不适合应用激素者尤为适应。两药合用无明显副作用。治疗起效时间较快,平均13天。疗效持续时间较长,长者已达一年以上。     

The effects of inverse ratio ventilation on intracranial pressure: a preliminary report

Objective: To determine the effects of pressure control inverse ratio ventilation [PC-IRV], as compared with volume controlled normal ratio ventilation [VC], on the intracranial pressure [ICP] of patients with severe head injury. Design: A prospective study with unblinded intervention. Setting: The Intensive Therapy Unit of a base hospital. Patients and participants: Nine cases of head injury requiring mechanical ventilation and intracranial pressure monitoring were studied. Interventions: Patients were twice transferred from VC (I:E ratio 1:2) to PC-IRV (I:E ratio 2:1). Firstly, tidal volume was maintained at an equal value. Secondly, end tidal CO₂ was maintained at an equal value. No other changes were made to ventilation, vasopressor therapy or ICP control. Measurements and results: Measurements were taken of ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) end tidal CO₂ and respiratory parameters. In the first observation, there were significant changes in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure (Paw) and intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) but not for ICP, end tidal CO₂, MAP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). The correlation between change in ICP and change in end tidal CO₂ was r=–0.74. In the second observation there were significant changes in tidal volume, PIP, Paw and intrinsic PEEP but not for ICP, MAP and CPP. The correlation between the change in ICP and the change in Paw was insignificant. Conclusions: PC-IRV has a minimal net effect on ICP. Changes in ICP correlate more strongly with changes in CO₂ than changes in Paw. Received: 16 January 1996 Accepted: 2 September 1996     

体外循环后鱼精蛋白不良反应的预防(附64例报告)

目的探讨体外循环不同途径给予鱼精蛋白所产生的不良反应及地塞米松对这些不良反应的预防作用。方法将 6 4例患者按给药途径及是否预防性给予地塞米松分为 4组 :A1,A2 ,B1和B2 组。A组升主动脉给药 ,B组颈内静脉给药 ;A1,B1组给予地塞米松 ,A2 ,B2 组不给予地塞米松。观察各组注射鱼精蛋白后 3,10 ,2 0 ,30min平均动脉压 (meanarterialpressure ,MAP)、平均肺动脉压 (meanpulmonaryarterialpressure ,MPAP)及气道压力(airwaypressure ,AP)的变化。结果A1组各时间点数据无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,A2 组给予鱼精蛋白 3min后血压下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;B1组给予鱼精蛋白 3min后血压下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,气道压力升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,B2 组给予鱼精蛋白 3,10 ,2 0min后血压明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,气道压力升高 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论从主动脉根部注射鱼精蛋白对血流动力学影响较静脉给药小 ,地塞米松对鱼精蛋白的副作用有一定的预防作用     

血液胆碱酯酶活力测定方法的进一步研究Ⅰ．红细胞／全血胆碱酯酶活力比例及红细胞计数校正酶活力值的研究

应用硫代乙酰胆碱－联硫代双硝基苯甲酸（ＡＳＣｈ－ＤＴＮＢ）比色测定法，测定了４０名健康者及５名贫血者血样的全血胆碱酯酶（ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ）活力值、红细胞胆碱酯酶（ｅ－ＣｈＥ）活力值及血浆胆碱酯酶（ｐ－ＣｈＥ）活力值，探讨它们之间的比例关系并用红细胞计数值（ＲＢＣ）校正酶活力。结果表明：ｅ－ＣｈＥ与ｂ１－ＣｈＥ之间关系密切（ｒ＝０．９４８，Ｐ＜０．００１），ｅ－ＣｈＥ稳定地占ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ的８４．９７％，在质和量两方面验证了以ｂｌ－ＣｈＥ值表示ｅ－ＣｈＥ值的可靠性和可信程度，血液胆碱酯酶（ｂ１ＣｈＥ）活力主要取决于ｅ－ＣｈＥ活力，ＲＢＣ值的离散对ｅ－ＣｈＥ值有极大影响，故用ＲＢＣ值校正ｅ－ＣｈＥ活力，这样可缩小人群测定值的变异度，得到较难确的群体均值；消除男女之间测定值的差异，建立更合理和通用的临界参比值，极大地方便了使用，使血液胆碱酯酶（ＣＨＥ）活力测定法在防治有机磷农药中毒中的应用，更为敏感和特异。