The Case of the Retained Stone

Abstract

Tracheostomies have become a typical component of the management of patients with prolonged respiratory failure. There are, however, relatively few studies from which to establish an accepted standard of care with regard to the specific features, daily care, and removal of tracheostomy tubes. Consequently, these decisions are sometimes guided by myth and misconception. In this article, we review the different types of tracheostomy tubes with their respective advantages and disadvantages, basic principles of care, recognition of complications, speech with a tracheostomy tube, and the process by which they may sometimes be removed.     

Five-year evaluation of implants placed at extraction and with dehiscences and fenestration defects augmented with ePTFE membranes: results from a prospective multicenter study

Background: Barrier membranes have been used to promote bone ingrowth on implants with dehiscences and fenestrations. Membranes also have been used to protect defects adjacent to implants placed at the time of extraction. The concept of guided bone regeneration relates to preferentially allowing cells from bone to migrate into various defects while excluding fibrous tissue and epithelium. The purpose of these procedures is to enhance bone-to-implant contact at the treated sites and to prevent mucosal complications. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report clinical outcomes for implants placed at the time of extraction and augmented with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and followed for 5 years. The outcomes for implants with dehiscences and fenestrations augmented with ePTFE barriers and followed up to 5 years also are reported. Methods and Materials: Four treatment centers participated in this study (Tucson, Gothenburg, Spokane, and Leuven). In the extraction group, teeth were removed for varying reasons, and Brånemark implants were placed and stabilized within the host bone. Defects present at the coronal implant aspect were covered with ePTFE barrier membranes. Flaps were rotated to cover the membrane-treated sites. If exposure of the material occurred prior to second-stage surgery, the membranes were removed. Barriers remaining unexposed were removed at second-stage surgery. The implants were followed up to 5 years. In the fenestration and dehiscence group, implants with exposed threads were augmented with ePTFE barrier membranes. The barriers were removed at appropriate intervals, and the patients were followed up to 5 years. Radiographic measurements were made from nonstandardized periapical radiographs at abutment connection and 1, 3, and 5-year follow-up visits. Results: Forty patients participated in the extraction group. They received a total of 49 implants. Three implants failed prior to loading. The 5-year cumulative survival rates for implants placed at the time of extraction were 93.9% and 93.8%, respectively, for maxillary and mandibular implants. The average maxillary mesial and distal marginal bone loss (1–5 yr) was 0.3 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 1.5) and 0.3 mm (SD = 1.0). In mandibles, the average mesial and distal bone loss (1–5 yr) was -0.2 mm (SD = 0.5) and -0.05 mm (SD = 0.6), respectively. The dehiscence and fenestration group included 44 patients. Twenty-six were followed for up to 5 years. Eight patients experienced total implant failure. For dehiscences and fenestrations, the cumulative survival rates were 76.8% and 83.8% for maxillary and mandibular implants, respectively. The average maxillary mesial and distal bone loss (1–5 yr) was 0.4 mm (SD = 0.8) and 0.2 mm (SD = 0.9), respectively. In mandibles, the average mesial and distal marginal bone loss was 0.3 mm (SD = 0.9) and 0.3 mm (SD = 0.8), respectively. Conclusions: Implants placed at the time of extraction and augmented with ePTFE barrier membranes have favorable long-term predictability. On the other hand, long-term evaluation of implant dehiscences and fenestrations augmented with barrier membranes indicates that they have less favorable 5-year survival rates. Membrane augmentation of these may be questioned.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肝肾囊肿、多囊肝及多囊肾

目的 探讨腹腔镜下肝肾囊肿、多囊肝及多囊肾开窗术的方法及效果。方法 腹腔镜下行肝肾囊肿、多囊肝、多囊肾开窗术15例。结果 15例均痊愈,术后住院3—4天,无并发症。术后随访6月一4年,无复发。结论 腹腔镜肝肾囊肿、多囊肝及多囊肾开窗术创伤小、恢复快、粘连轻,对囊肿复发可再次行腹腔镜囊肿开窗术     

Surgical Repair of Aortopulmonary Window: Thirty-Seven Years of Experience

An aortopulmonary window (APW) is a communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk in the presence of two separate semilunar valves. In order to increase our understanding about the surgical management of this rare lesion and its long-term results, we describe our experience over a 37-year period. Between 1968 and 2005, 18 patients were diagnosed with APW. Seventeen underwent surgical correction. Age at operation ranged from 22 days to 22 years (median, 0.20 years). Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 28.6 years (median, 11.0 years). Surgical closure was achieved using a single patch in 7 patients (41.2%) double patch in 4 (23.5%), primary closure in 3 (17.6%), clip in 2 (11.8%), and ligation in 1 (5.9%). Complex APW was present in 8 patients (44.4%). One patient was treated nonsurgically. There were no early or late deaths after surgery. Both primary closure and patch closure gave excellent long-term results. Sporadic postoperative complications were only associated with complex lesions. One patient who was treated conservatively died (of pulmonary hypertension) 21 years after diagnosis. Repair of APW is ideally performed in the first months of life, before irreversible PHT has developed. Various surgical repair techniques in this series of patients gave excellent short-term and long-term results, without significant hemodynamic sequelae.     

椎动脉窗式变异的成因及临床意义(附1例报道)

窗式椎动脉是一种较为少见的血管变异,它与双椎动脉为两种不同的变异类型,通常可分为颅外型、颅内型和颅内-外型。本文报道1例经确诊为颅外型椎动脉窗式变异患者的全脑血管造影情况,并从胚胎学成因及临床意义方面进行分析和讨论。     

开窗术治疗白内障术后连续环形撕囊口纤维膜闭

目的：:探讨白内障术后连续环形撕囊（CCC）开口纤维膜闭行开窗术处理的初步临床效果。方法：:回顾性系列病例研究。对2011年9月至2018年9月在台州市眼科医院就诊的白内障术后前囊膜CCC开口完全纤维膜闭的患者15例（15眼）行纤维膜开窗切除手术,并对其纤维膜闭形成原因、手术方式和效果进行了探讨。结果：:所有术眼术后视...     

边缘供肝应用于肝脏移植的研究进展

目的 探讨边缘供肝的种类及其在肝移植中的应用前景。方法 复习国外有关边缘供肝应用于临床肝移植的最新进展。结果 高龄供体、缺血时限较长供体、脑死亡供体和脂肪肝供体是几种临床意义较大的边缘供肝。结论 虽然边缘供肝的使用给肝脏移植带来负面效应，然而其能扩大供肝来源且疗效确切。     

Guided bone regeneration in dental implant treatment using a bioabsorbable membrane

The aim of this study was to evaluate an osteopromotive technique, using a bioabsorbable membrane, for its ability to restitute bone over buccal fenes-tration and dehiscence defects following fixture installation. 11 patients requiring dental implant treatment and exhibiting sufficient vertical height of the maxilla and compromised bucco-palatal dimensions, as determined clinically and radiographically, were included in the study. 17 Brånemark® titanium fixtures were placed with buccal defects which were augmented by a bioabsorbable membrane, Resolut®. No complications were observed post-operatively. At 6-8 months, abutment connection was performed, and clinical evaluation of the healed defect area was made. The number of exposed buccal threads at fixture installation (median 8; range 2-19), and abutment connection (median 0; range 0-5), respectively, was compared. Out of the 17 fixtures; 14 exhibited complete coverage with bone, whereas 3 showed some remaining threads. A small punch biopsy taken at abutment connection in an area where the membrane had been placed showed a combination of dense connective tissue and bone. Radiographic evaluation of the marginal periimplant bone level is in progress and results to date show a median bone loss of 1.2 mm after a loading period of 4-6 months. Results show that fixture dehiscence and fenestrations, augmented with this bioabsorbable membrane, demonstrate a highly significant amount of new bone formation.     

展开式教学法在儿童医院临床带教实习教学中的应用效果观察

目的探究展开式教学法在儿童医院临床带教实习教学中的应用效果。方法选取儿童医院2018年2月-2019年2月实习生共50名,按照随机、平均分组原则分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予讲解小课教学法,该组共有25名实习生,观察组给予展开式教学法,该组共有25名实习生,对比两组实习生综合素质提高效果和出科理论考试成绩。结果对照组实习生处理临床问题能力、撰写综述能力、理论知识记忆能力提高效果明显差于观察组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组理解题、案例分析题和记忆题考试成绩分别为:(26.17±0.59)分、(45.47±2.48)分、(18.72±0.47)分。对照组实习生理解题、案例分析题和记忆题考试成绩明显低于观察组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论展开式教学法在儿童医院临床带教实习教学中的应用效果显著,有效提高了教学质量,实习生综合素质得到提高,激发实习生学习的兴趣,有利于实习生更好掌握理论知识,具有值得在临床上推广和运用的优越价值。     

Supratentorial arachnoid cysts: Clinical and therapeutic remarks on 46 cases

Summary The authors report 46 cases of primary supratentorial arachnoid cysts. Thirty-two patients presented with symptomatic arachnoid cysts, which act as space-occupying lesions and were surgically treated by fenestration. 14 patients presented with a scarsity of symptoms; for this reason they were kept under control by periodical neuroradiological examination. After a long follow-up period (median 11 years), 97% of the operated patients presented neurological improvement and a decrease in the size of the cyst; none of the patients who were not operated on showed any variation in either neurological status or size of the cyst. The authors discuss their findings in the light of the published papers.