Anatomic relationship of the radial nerve to the elbow joint: Clinical implications of safe pin placement

The percutaneous placement of lateral distal humeral pins risks injury to the radial nerve. We aimed to provide a reliable and safe parameter for the insertion of lateral distal humeral pins. A secondary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pin/screw placement in the intended zone of fixation at the lateral distal humerus. We dissected 70 fresh cadaveric upper limbs and the radial nerve was identified and its course followed into the anterior compartment. The point where the radial nerve crosses humerus in mid lateral plane was identified and the distance between this point and lateral epicondyle was measured, as was the maximum trans‐epicondylar distance, along with the olecranon fossa height. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The average trans‐epicondylar distance was measured at 62 ± 6 mm (range 52–78 mm), and the average lateral radial nerve height was 102 ± 10 mm (range 75–129 mm). The ratio of the lateral nerve height to the trans‐epicondylar distance was an average of 1.7 ± 0.2 (range 1.4–2.0). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the lateral nerve height and the trans‐epicondylar distance was r = 0.95. A relative dimension, the trans‐epicondylar distance is both reliable and easily accessible to the operating surgeon. The absolute safe zone for pin entry into the lateral distal humerus is that area lying within the caudad 70% of a line, equivalent in length to the patient's own trans‐epicondylar distance, when projected proximally from the lateral epicondyle. Clin. Anat. 22:684–688, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Sub-Wavelength Resonances in Metamaterial-Based Multi-Cylinder Configurations

Sub-wavelength resonances known to exist in isolated metamaterial-based structures of circular cylindrical shape are investigated with the purpose of determining whether the individual resonances are retained when several of such resonant structures are grouped to form a new structure. To this end, structures consisting of 1, 2 and 4 sets of metamaterial-based concentric cylinders excited by an electric line current are analyzed numerically. It is demonstrated that these structures recover the resonances of the individual structures even when the cylinders are closely spaced and the new structure is thus electrically small. The investigation is conducted through a detailed analysis of the electric near-field distribution as well as the radiation resistance in those cases where the individual structures are made of simple dielectric materials in conjunction with simple, but lossy and dispersive, metamaterials.     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者关节滑液硫酸软骨素含量变化及意义

目的观察颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)患者关节滑液中硫酸软骨素(CS)的含量变化,探讨其在TMD诊断中的价值.方法用高效液相色谱法检测10例正常人颞下颌关节(对照组)、32例颞下颌关节结构紊乱病(ID组)、28例颞下颌关节骨关节病(OA组)患者关节滑液中CS不饱和二糖ΔDi-6S与ΔDi-4S.结果三组关节滑液中均能检测出ΔDi-6S,ID组及OA组均检测到ΔDi-4S,对照组仅有3例检测到痕量ΔDi-4S.ΔDi-6S与ΔDi-4S含量在ID组及OA组均高于对照组(P均＜0.001),OA组亦高于ID组(P＜0.01).结论 TMD患者关节滑液中CS含量增加,且随病变的加重CS含量增加,其可以作为一种生化标志用于TMD的早期诊断.     

Investigation of the sensitivities of distinct gastric cancer cells to parvovirus H‐1 induced cytotoxicity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivities of distinct gastric cancer cells to parvovirus H‐1 induced cytotoxicity and the possible mechanism(s). METHODS: There were six distinct differentiated gastric cancer cell lines: HGC27 (undifferentiated), BGC823 (undifferentiated), MKN45 (poorly differentiated), AGS (poorly differentiated), SGC7901 (moderately differentiated) and MKN28 (well differentiated). The cell cycle distributions were measured by flow cytometry and the differential sensitivities of the six distinct gastric cancer cells after H‐1 virus infection were detected by MTT assay. RT‐PCR was used to detect viral NS1 gene expression in all six gastric cancer cell lines. RESULTS: The S phase ratios of HGC27, BGC823, MKN45, AGS, SGC7901 and MKN28 were 24.72%, 30.15%, 27.10%, 29.03%, 31.82% and 33.73%, respectively. HGC27 cells were sensitive to H‐1 virus induced cytotoxicity, followed by SGC7901 cells. MKN45 and AGS cells were moderately sensitive and MKN28 cells were insensitive. However, BGC823 cells were resistant to H‐1 virus induced cytotoxicity. The expressions of viral NS1 were higher in HGC27, BGC823, MKN45 and SGC7901 cells, and lower in AGS and MKN28 cells. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivities of the distinct gastric cancer cells to H‐1 virus induced cytotoxicity were markedly different. In general, the poorly differentiated cells showed an enhanced sensitivity to H‐1 virus attack compared with well‐differentiated ones. The enhanced sensitivity of poorly versus well‐differentiated gastric cancer cells to H‐1 virus is related in part to the enhanced capacity of the former for NS1 protein production and accumulation. The undifferentiated BGC823 cells were resistant to H‐1 virus triggered cytotoxicity. It may further verify that not all tumor cells are sensitive to H‐1 virus lytic effects.     

MRI评估女性盆腔器官脱垂研究进展

胶质瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的原发性肿瘤,术后复发率及病死率较高。MRI纹理分析可无创量化肿瘤的异质性特征,用于胶质瘤术前分级、放射治疗后假性进展与复发的鉴别及疗效监测等,为胶质瘤患者个体化诊疗提供客观依据。本文就MRI纹理分析法原理及其在胶质瘤诊治中的应用进行综述。     

九项呼吸道病原体检测在小儿呼吸道感染中的诊断价值

目的探讨呼吸道病原体九联检在小儿呼吸道感染中的临床应用价值。方法对2012年3月—2013年4月期间在该院住院的呼吸道感染的患儿(共104例)采用九项呼吸道感染病原体Ig M抗体检测试剂(间接免疫荧光法)同时检测九项病原体的Ig M抗体。结果在小儿呼吸道感染患者中,九种病原体检出的阳性率为57.69%,其中主要以肺炎支原体最为常见,占阳性例数的56.7%,其次为腺病毒40%、嗜肺军团菌23.3%;混合感染占感染比例的33.3%。结论呼吸道病原体九联检在小儿呼吸道感染检测中检出阳性率高,检测的病原体种类多,发现病原体时间早,对临床的及时诊断、治疗及用药有十分重要的意义。     

肩锁关节钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位临床探讨

目的：对肩锁关节脱位采用钢板治疗的临床效果进行分析研究。方法该院于2012年5月-2014年5月共收治128例肩锁关节脱位患者,将其作为研究对象并分为观察组和对照组两组,每组64例。对照组患者以肩锁关节张力带的方式予以治疗,观察组以肩锁关节钢板治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者的治疗效果更好,治愈患者62例,治疗有效率为96.88%,对照组治愈患者37例,治疗有效率为57.81%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组患者的术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论临床上治疗肩锁关节脱位,采用肩锁关节钢板治疗能够取得更加显著的效果,可以提高患者的治愈率,减少划着术后并发症的发生,更容易得到临床患者的接受和认可,值得在临床上推广使用。     

护理干预对股骨干骨折内固定术后膝关节功能与疼痛的影响

目的：探讨股骨干骨折内固定术后患者采用护理干预对膝关节功能和疼痛的影响。方法选取该院于2012年4月—2014年2月间收治的采用内固定术治疗的股骨干骨折患者86例为研究对象,按照其护理方式的不同,分为常规护理组和针对护理干预组,每组各43例,其中,常规护理组患者采用普通护理方式,针对护理组患者采用针对性的护理措施进行干预,比较两组护理干预对股骨干骨折患者内固定术后膝关节功能与疼痛的影响。结果两组患者护理效果相比,常规护理组优35例（81.40%）,良2例（4.65%）,一般4例（9.30%）,差2例（4.65%）,优良率为37例（86.05%）;针对护理组优39例（90.70%）,良2例（4.65%）,一般2例（4.65%）,差0例,优良率为41例（95.34%）,针对护理组的护理效果明显优于常规护理组,且差异明显,具有统计学意义。同时,记录两组患者的VAS评分值（视觉模拟疼痛评分法）及HSS评分值（膝关节损伤标准评分法）。结论对股骨干骨折患者在内固定术后采用针对性的护理措施干预可有效减轻患者痛苦,加快患者膝关节功能的恢复,降低患者术后疼痛,提高患者生活质量,临床护理效果显著。     

髓内钉InterTan与重建钉治疗股骨近端骨折的临床疗效

目的：探究髓内钉InterTan与重建钉治疗股骨近端骨折的疗效。方法资料随机选取2013年6月—2014年6月该院收治的135例股骨近端骨折患者,随机分为研究组68例,对照组67例。对照组行股骨近端重建钉治疗,研究组行髓内钉InterTan治疗,分析两组治疗效果。结果研究组术中出血量（228.65±28.42）mL、住院时间（16.53±5.68）d 及完全负重时间（6.75±1.49）d均优于对照组的（325.57±54.28）mL、（23.62±7.26）d与（10.82±1.93）d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后研究组髋关节Harris评分（93.63±4.45）分高于对照组（80.24±4.88）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论髓内钉InterTan较之股骨近端重建钉治疗疗效确切,可显著改善股骨近端骨折患者髋关节功能。     

盐酸坦索罗辛治疗输尿管远端小结石的临床应用

目的：探讨盐酸坦索罗辛治疗输尿管远端小结石的临床效果。方法随机抽取该院2012年7月—2014年7月共收治的80例输尿管远端小结石患者,将其分为试验组与参照组。试验组给予盐酸坦索罗辛治疗,参照组给予结石通片口服治疗,对比两组的治疗效果。结果试验组的总有效率显著高于参照组,两组比较存差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组的不良反应发生情况,则差异不大。结论采用盐酸坦索罗辛治疗输尿管远端小结石,有利于结石的排出,不良反应少且轻微,具有重要的临床价值。