人群中病毒性肝炎的型别研究

作者于1987年2月16日～1988年2月15日在四川五个点211 639人群中监测急性病毒性肝炎。其发病率为167.74/10万,其中甲型肝炎占24.51％;乙型肝炎占38.31％;非甲非乙型肝炎占24.51％,EB病毒和巨细胞病毒所致肝炎各占3.38％;混合感染占5.92％。病毒性肝炎中有14.93％重叠感染。发病高峰在春季。发病率,男:女=1.75:1。甲型肝炎20岁以下年龄组、乙型肝炎20～39岁年龄组的发病率明显高于其他年龄组,非甲非乙型较分散,5～19岁相对多一些,其他型别年龄组间无明显差异。355例急性病毒性肝炎患者中43.9％有接触史,36.6％有注射史。     

多器官衰竭代谢支持的实验研究

本实验对腹腔感染造成多器官衰竭的动物观察了不同全静脉营养配方在代谢支持中的作用。结果显示:在兔感染性多器官衰竭早期,实行代谢支持能够不同程度地增加体重、促进蛋白质合成和扭转负氮平衡。适当减低糖供给的非蛋白热量可以减轻应激反应,增加氮保留和改善肺功能。供给氨基酸过多则增加应激反应、增加尿氮排出和加重呼吸负担。     

Brain abscess in Saudi Arabia

There are significant variations among countries in the incidence of brain abscess. We report here 26 cases of brain abscess treated at the Neurosurgery Department of King Faisal University and Dammam Central Hospital Saudi Arabia over a six year period (1982–1988). This is 2.3% of total admissions to the two neurosurgery departments serving a population of approximately 1.2 million in the same period.Young males were most often affected (M/F ratio 3.3:1; 31% were less than 15 years old, 46% aged between 15–39 years, and 23% older than 40 years). Streptococcus was found to be the most common microorganism (38.4%). Mixed infection was seen in 15.3%, and sterile abscesses were found in 11.5% of the patients after aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the pus. Chronic otitis media and paranasal sinusitis predisposed the patients to abscess formation in 57.6% of the cases. The temporo-parietal area was the commonest site. Epilepsy was a complication in 30.7% of our patients, and the mortality rate was 15.3%.     

Autopsy findings in two cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: detection of virus by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction

We describe the pathological findings in two fatal cases of neonatal infection with herpes simplex virus. One had an encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); the other had a disseminated infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained by use of the polymerase chain reaction to amplify viral DNA from paraffin sections of autopsy tissues. By using primers which amplify fragments of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene and HSV-2 glycoprotein gene respectively it was possible to discriminate between infection with HSV-1 and HSV-2. In contrast, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization using commercially available reagents did not distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. However, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization are probably more reliable than the polymerase chain reaction for assessment of the distribution of virus in different tissues.     

Intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella abortusovis is partially controlled by a gene closely linked with the Ity gene.

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the Ity gene, which controls the resistance to S. typhimurium infection in mice, also governs the resistance to S. abortusovis, a serotype specific for goat and sheep. During either i.v. or i.p. infection, BALB/c mice (Itys) were not able to control the growth of S. abortusovis and eventually died from infection. In contrast CBA (Ityr) or (C.CB)F1 (Ityr/s) mice were able to control the growth of these bacteria. Using congenic C.D2 Ityr mice, we found that the gene controlling resistance to S. abortusovis was tightly linked to the Ity gene on chromosome 1. Furthermore, in the spleen and the liver of backcross BALB/c x (CBA x BALB/c) mice, the S. abortusovis resistance phenotype cosegregated with the two alleles of the Len-1 gene, a gene tightly linked to the Ity gene. By contrast, in these backcross mice, the level of infection of the peritoneal cavity, the site of inoculation, did not correlated with the Len-1 phenotype of the animal. These results provide evidence that after i.p. inoculation the control of S. abortusovis growth in the spleen and the liver is controlled by the Ity gene, but also suggest that additional gene(s) regulate the number of bacteria at the site of inoculation.     

蛛网膜下腔出血后正常颅压脑积水(附20例分析)

本文分析了20例有明确蛛网膜下腔出血病史的正常颅压脑积水患者的临床表现,其中有智能、步态障碍、尿失禁三联征典型表现者占11例(55％),有其中二个症状者4例。CT是诊断脑积水的首选检查。本文还结合文献对正常颅压脑积水的发生发展,与之有关的因素及临床表现进行讨论。     

牙髓根管感染厌氧菌培养结果分析

从３４例牙髓根管感染中共分离出厌氧菌１１８株，经菌属分类依次为消化链球菌属，拟杆菌属，梭杆菌属，放线菌属，韦荣氏球菌属和珠网菌属，其中前３属为７７株，分离率为６５．３％，这一结果显示该３属细菌与极管感染有密切关系，是牙髓根管感染的优势菌。     

北京地区361名孕妇乙型肝炎流行病学研究

从1985年4月到1986年4月对361名孕妇进行的乙型肝炎流行病学横断面研究以及196名产妇一年随访研究的结果表明,361例孕妇的HBsAg阳性率为2.5%,抗-HBs阳性率为23.8%,抗-HBc阳性率为22.1%,HBV总感染率为31.3%;抗-HBs阳性、抗-HBs和抗-HBc共存阳性者占总阳性者的76.1%,说明人群感染HBV后大多产生了免疫力.1986年4月复查了196例产妇,133名在1985年HBV标记阴性者中有6人获得了HBV标记,HBV新感染率为4.5%;1例为急性乙型肝炎病人,5例为亚临床感染.HBV新感染者的感染途径不明,但医源性传播不能排除.1986年检查的148对夫妇中,男性HBsAg阳性率是女性的3.1倍(6.1%对2.0%),男性单独抗-HBc阳性率是女性的2.3倍(6.1%对2.7%),抗-HBs、抗-HBs和抗-HBc共存以及HBV感染率男女性间都无显著差异.     

Neuroblastoma-like epidural localization in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Summary We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CNS involvement confined to the epidural space causing cranial suture diastasis. Cerebrospinal fluid and bone marrow were normal. Two cases only of cranial epidural lymphoma have been reported in the literature; in both cases, the leptomeninges were also involved but without suture diastasis.     

Virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus infects multiple dog brain cell types in vitro.

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) produces an encephalitis in dogs that varies with viral strain. We have studied the cell tropisms of two virulent strains (CDV-SH and CDV A75-17) and an attenuated strain, Rockborn (CDV-RO), in cultured canine brain cells. Infected cell types were identified by double immunofluorescent labeling of specific cell markers and viral antigens. All viral strains studied produced infection in astrocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Neurons were not infected by CDV A75-17 but were rapidly infected by CDV-SH and CDV-RO. Multipolar oligodendrocytes were very rarely infected by any of the virus strains. In contrast, a morphologically distinct subset of bipolar oligodendrocytes were commonly infected by CDV-SH and CDV-RO. The kinetics of infection in the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and macrophages varied between strains. Both CDV-SH and CDV-RO rapidly infected bipolar oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, neurons, and macrophages by 14 days post infection while infection by CDV A75-17 was delayed until after 28-35 days post infection. The differences in the growth kinetics and cell tropisms for some brain cells, exhibited by the three viral strains examined in this in vitro study, may relate to the different CNS symptoms that these strains produce in vivo.