人右心室肌纤维方向的解剖

对１１个人心标本沿右心室流入道和流出道各壁长轴纵行切开，再将各壁横切为上、中、下３份，各份按１ｍｍ厚度逐层切开，观察其各层肌纤维方向的角度并绘成坐标图。结果表明，右心室流入、流出道游离壁的肌纤维方向由浅入深基本上是渐变的。流入道游离壁的下１／３和流出道的上１／３，浅中层与内层之间可有纤维方向的突变。流入道隔壁的纤维方向从右向左逐渐移行，偶在左、右室内膜面有方向的改变。流出道右室面的中上部有一纤维方向变动较大的层次。对右心室各壁肌纤维方向的排列特或、分层、功能及其临床意义进行了探讨。     

Various types of suprameatal spines and depressions in the human temporal bone

Since it covers the lateral wall of the mastoid air system, the suprameatal triangle is of importance to otologic surgeons during mastoidectomy. Because of this clinical importance, topographic anatomy of the suprameatal spine and depression was studied on Anatolian skulls. In all, 363 male and 231 female skulls were studied. The most prevalent type of suprameatal spine resembled a crest and was found in both sexes on the right (77.6%) and left (80%) sides. The absence of a suprameatal depression was significantly higher in females (right 9.1%; left 8.7%) than in males (right 1.7%; left 2.5%). Suprameatal depressions were mostly shallow in female subjects, but were mostly observed in males to be at a medium depth or deep. Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 March 1998     

股薄肌的应用解剖学研究

目的：为带血管神经蒂游离移植股薄肌提供解剖学基础。方法：对64侧成人下肢股薄肌的主要血管支配、神经来源、血管蒂长度和入肌部位等进行解剖学观察。结果：股薄肌的主要血管起于股深动脉占90．63％．神经支配为闭孔神经前支。入肌部位在股薄肌中上1／3交界处前缘深面。结论：股薄肌动脉、静脉、神经的行程较为衡定和集中．肌肉位置表浅，便于切取．是临床上理想的供肌。     

小牛胸腰椎解剖、生物力学研究及其临床意义

目的　测量小牛胸腰椎相关解剖数据并测试其生物力学性能 ,探讨其作为胸腰椎前路内固定模型的可行性。方法　采集 1周以内的新鲜小牛胸腰椎脊柱标本 2 0具 ,测量椎体及椎间盘的最大横径、矢状径和前部高度。测试屈曲、伸展、侧屈及扭转状态下的载荷 -应变、载荷 -位移关系以及最大载荷时的应力强度及轴向刚度 ,并进行极限力学性能测试。结果　小牛胸腰椎椎体及椎间盘矢径、横径、高度自T10 至L5逐渐递增 ,椎体横径与矢径之比约为 1∶1,其T10 ～L5段椎间盘高度之和与椎体高度比值为 1∶0 .9。小牛胸腰椎载荷 -应变及载荷 -位移关系呈线性变化 ,生理载荷下屈曲、伸展及侧屈状态下的应力强度分别为 (2 .86± 0 .2 4 )N/mm2 ,(2 .17± 0 .2 0 )N/mm2 ,(5 .2 9± 0 .5 0 )N/mm2 。屈曲、伸展、侧屈及扭转状态下的轴向刚度分别为 (37.13± 4 .30 )N/mm ,(35 .38± 4 .2 0 )N/mm ,(34.5 6± 4 .2 0 )N/mm ,(5 1.6 9± 1.6 2 )N/mm。结论　小牛胸腰椎形态及大小可满足前路内固定模型的需要 ,以小牛标本作为体外非破坏性生物力学实验模型具有可行性。     

数字化曲面全景X线系统造影在腮腺非肿瘤类疾病诊断中的应用

目的　本文报告普通X线机腮腺造影与数字化曲面X线机腮腺造影结果及其对比应用。方法　用3种不同的X线机对 3组腮腺非肿瘤类疾病患者进行腮腺造影 ,第 1组患者 10人应用普通 30 0mAX线机 ,第 2组患者 10人应用普通曲面全景X线机 ,第 3组患者 36人应用数字化曲面全景X线系统一套 ,分别行造影检查。结果腮腺造影侧位投照第 2组与第 1组末梢导管及腺泡有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,第 3组与第 1组末梢导管及腺泡无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,腮腺造影后前位投照第 2组与第 1、3组之间有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本研究对比了 3种X线投照技术在腮腺非肿瘤性疾病造影诊断中的效果 ,用数字化曲面全景X线系统造影在诊断此类疾病中显示出较好的效果。     

Fourier components of inhomogeneously broadened water resonances in breast: a new source of MRI contrast.

High spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MR data were acquired at 1.5 T using echo-planar spectroscopic imaging from patients with suspicious breast lesions. The water resonances in small voxels are inhomogenously broadened and often have distinct components. Images were calculated with intensity proportional to the Fourier components of the water resonance in each voxel at different offsets from the peak frequency. The results demonstrate that in breast the off-peak Fourier component images of water are qualitatively different from those derived from the peak height of the water resonance. These differences most likely reflect underlying anatomy or physiology. In conventional images, the superposition of the various Fourier components of the water signal may cause loss of detail. The synthesis of water Fourier component images from high spectral and spatial resolution data may provide a new form of contrast, and increase sensitivity to subvoxel physiology and anatomy.     

腓肠内外侧血管解剖特点及其在小腿创伤修复中的意义

目的：为小腿创伤皮瓣移植修复与腓肠内、外侧血管吻合提供解剖学基础。方法：在７０侧成人下肢标本上解剖观测了腓肠内、外侧血管的长度、外径、血管神经的毗邻关系及其形态特点。结果：①腓肠内、外侧动脉起于动脉，伴行静脉注入静脉；②动脉起点至入肌段的长度内、外侧分别为４．１±０．７（１．８～６．４）ｃｍ、３．７±０．５（２．０～６．５）ｃｍ；③肌门处内、外侧动脉的外径分别为２．２±０．１（１．１～３．４）ｍｍ、２．０±０．１（０．９～３．１）ｍｍ；④肌门处伴行静脉有１～２条，内、外侧静脉外径为２．５±０．３（１．８～４．５）ｍｍ，２．３±０．３（１．５～４．１）ｍｍ。结论：腓肠内、外侧血管恒定、径粗、较长，是小腿创伤皮瓣移植修复受区可供应用的吻合血管     

动脉数字减影血管造影的临床应用

本文报告８０例动脉数字减影血管造影（ＩＡＤＳＡ）的初步经验，特别着重影像质量的评价。在本组病例，ＩＡＤＳＡ主要用于头颅、颈部、肺、腹部以及先天性心脏病的诊断。本组未发生重大并发症。ＩＡＤＳＡ的优点是：（１）影像质量好；（２）用于ＩＡＤＳＡ的剂量和浓度以及导管的直径均较用于常规血管造影的小得多，因此其副作用和并发症显著减少；（３）检查时间显著缩短，因此，ＩＡＤＳＡ对介入放射学治疗特别有用；（４）ＩＡＤＳＡ现已大部取代常规血管造影来诊断多种疾病。     

小腿后部各区穿支间的关系与皮瓣设计

Objective To study the anastomotic relationships of perforators in each zone of the poste-rior leg and design perforating flaps for clinic. Methods Six fresh cadavers underwent a whole body, intra-arterial injection of a lead oxide and gelatine preparation. The posterior part of leg is divided into upper, mid-die and below equal parts, Observe topography of the perforating branches in every district by layer, and mea-sured their location, diameter, course, branches and anastomosis pattern. Radiographs of tissue specimens were digitally analyzed. Results There were 13 perforators that diameter≥ 0.5 mm, the average external diameter was 0.8 mm. The areas of each perforator supplied was average 38 cm2. Perforators from popliteal artery was identified an area 4 cm wide, around the intersection of two lines, a line drawn between the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femurs, and the midline of posterior leg. The areas of the every perforator sup-plied was 55 cm2. These vessels were large in diameter and create multiple true anastomoses with the perfora-tors from the posterior tibial artery or fibular artery. Perforating branches were small in the below part, a long perforator chain comprised of two to three perforators accompanies the Achilles tendon. Conclusion The perforator flaps deviced by perforators from the posterior leg may be transplanted to the lower limbs and the other part of the body. The perforators located in the middle zone of the leg are larger. Free posterior tibial or peroneal perforator-based flaps are reliable, relatively large, and have thin flaps. The upper and lower zones were the larger donor site for the proximal or distally pedicled perforator flap harvest.     

Inside the lactating breast: the latest anatomy research

Although it is well recognized that a thorough understanding of the anatomy of an organ is essential to enable assessment of any abnormalities in that organ, there has been little investigation of the anatomy of the normal lactating breast since Sir Astley Cooper performed detailed dissections of the anatomy of the breast more than 160 years ago. Many mothers recognize that breast milk provides the ultimate nutrition and protection for the infant; however, a significant proportion of women experience difficulties breastfeeding, some of which lead to weaning the infant. Recently, a small number of studies have focused on the gross anatomy of the breast, and have found that the ductal system is comprised of fewer numbers of main ducts than previously thought. In addition, the ducts are compressible and do not contain large amounts of milk, the amount of fatty tissue in the breast is variable, and a proportion is situated within the glandular tissue. These findings add to our understanding of both the physiology and pathology of the lactating breast.