Harvesting local cylinder autograft from adjacent vertebral body for anterior lumbar interbody fusion: surgical technique, operative feasibility and preliminary clinical results

Autogenous iliac crest has long served as the gold standard for anterior lumbar arthrodesis although added morbidity results from the bone graft harvest. Therefore, femoral ring allograft, or cages, have been used to decrease the morbidity of iliac crest bone harvesting. More recently, an experimental study in the animal showed that harvesting local bone from the anterior vertebral body and replacing the void by a radio-opaque β-tricalcium phosphate plug was a valid concept. However, such a concept precludes theoretically the use of posterior pedicle screw fixation. At one institution a consecutive series of 21 patients underwent single- or multiple-level circumferential lumbar fusion with anterior cages and posterior pedicle screws. All cages were filled with cancellous bone harvested from the adjacent vertebral body, and the vertebral body defect was filled with a β-tricalcium phosphate plug. The indications for surgery were failed conservative treatment of a lumbar degenerative disc disease or spondylolisthesis. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to report on the surgical technique, operative feasibility, safety, benefits, and drawbacks of this technique with our primary clinical experience. An independent researcher reviewed all data that had been collected prospectively from the onset of the study. The average age of the patients was 39.9 (26–57) years. Bone grafts were successfully harvested from 28 vertebral bodies in all but one patient whose anterior procedure was aborted due to difficulty in freeing the left common iliac vein. This case was converted to a transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF). There was no major vascular injury. Blood loss of the anterior procedure averaged 250 ml (50–350 ml). One tricalcium phosphate bone plug was broken during its insertion, and one endplate was broken because of wrong surgical technique, which did not affect the final outcome. One patient had a right lumbar plexopathy that was not related to this special technique. There was no retrograde ejaculation, infection or pseudoarthrosis. One patient experienced a deep venous thrombosis. At the last follow up (mean 28 months) all patients had a solid lumbar spine fusion. At the 6-month follow up, the pain as assessed on the visual analog scale (VAS) decreased from 6.9 to 4.5 (33% decrease), and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) reduced from 48.0 to 31.7 with a 34% reduction. However, at 2 years follow up there was a trend for increase in the ODI (35) and VAS (5). The data in this study suggest that harvesting a cylinder of autograft from the adjacent vertebral body is safe and efficient. Filling of the void defect with a β-tricalcium phosphate plug does not preclude the use of posterior pedicle screw stabilization.     

侧后方融合联合人工珊瑚椎间融合器治疗腰椎滑脱

目的　探讨侧后方融合联合人工珊瑚椎间融合器治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法　 2 1例腰椎滑脱 ,其中L4滑脱Ⅰ°5例 ,Ⅱ°3例 ,L5滑脱Ⅰ°7例 ;Ⅱ°3例 ,L4、L5同时椎弓根不连滑脱Ⅰ°3例。平均年龄 4 8.5岁 ,采用后手术入路 ,用Steffee钢板提拉复位 ,侧后方融合联合人工珊瑚椎间融合器椎体间融合稳定脊柱。结果　随访 6～ 4 2个月 ,平均 19.1个月 ,19例术后腰痛消失 ,并感腰部稳定有力 ,18例恢复原工作与生活 ,其中有 5例术后 6个月后恢复体力劳动 ,摄腰椎正侧位片及过屈、过伸位片 ,见椎体间相对运动消失 ,椎间隙较术前平均增高 4mm ,椎间植骨已骨性模糊与上下椎体融合 ,未出现椎体再移位的并发症。结论　采用侧后方融合联合人工珊瑚椎间融合器椎体间融合吸收了前后路两种融合方法的优点 ,使融合率大大提高 ,增强了脊柱的稳定性 ,临床疗效满意。     

空心导血加压螺钉临床应用研究——附43例报告

目前治疗股骨颈骨折的较好方法是用空心加压螺钉。我院应用自行研制的空心导血加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折，能很好地促进骨折稳定，尤其能很好地解决股骨颈骨折后的瘀血问题，从而大大减少了坏死率。取得了很好的治疗效果。     

Translaminar screw fixation in the lumbar spine: technique, indications, results

Translaminar screw fixation of the lumbar spine represents a simple and effective technique for short segment fusion in the degenerative spine. Clinical experience with 173 patients who underwent translaminar screw fixation revealed a fusion rate of 94%. The indications for translaminar screw fixation as a primary fixation procedure are: segmental dysfunction, lumbar spinal stenosis with painful degenerative changes, segmental revision surgery after discectomies, and painful disc-related syndromes such as internal disc disruption and lumbar disc herniation with concomitant degenerative changes. As an additional stabilization procedure, translaminar screws can be used to augment anterior fusion or reinforce pedicle systems. Translaminar screw fixation achieves as high fusion rate provided the biomechanical principles of the lumbar spine with an intact anterior column are respected and a meticulous operative technique is employed to enhance bony ingrowth of the graft. Received: 12 January 1998 Revised: 18 March 1998 Accepted: 6 April 1998     

经骶骨纵向固定融合治疗创伤性腰骶脱位

目的:报告1例应用经骶骨纵向固定融合方法治疗重度创伤性腰骶脱位,讨论椎弓根钉联合空心钉经骶骨纵向固定融合治疗腰骶脱位的可行性和可靠性.方法:本病例弯腰时被重物砸伤,腰骶关节V度前脱位.L5椎体向S1椎体前方移位.对患者行后路切开减压,复位,空心钉经骶骨纵向固定,同时行L5和S1椎弓根钉联合固定,椎体间加压融合治疗.结果:术后患者无需外固定,2周离床活动.22个月随访神经功能大部分恢复,行走自如.X线和CT三维重建显示获得骨性融合,无进行性滑脱发生.结论:经骶骨空心钉纵向固定融合治疗腰骶关节脱位控制横向剪切力强,固定可靠.     

两种不同方法治疗股骨粗隆间骨折疗效比较

目的：作者分别采用低角度三枚空心拉力螺钉和Ｌ形钢板两种内固定方法治疗股骨粗隆间骨折，并作疗效的比较。方法：作者用切开复位，Ｌ形钢板内固定手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折５２例，用闭合复位三枚空心拉力螺钉经皮内固定治疗２５例，其中第三枚螺丝钉紧贴内侧股骨矩，低角度打入。所有病例均随访六个月以上。结果：所有骨折均愈合。两组比较，三枚钉组固定更牢固，手术时间、抗菌素使用时间、体温恢复正常时间都较短，术中输血量少，并发症发生率低。结论：治疗股骨粗隆间骨折，低角度三枚空心拉力螺钉法要优于Ｌ形钢板内固定方法，有较大的推广价值和应用前景。     

加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的体会

本文总结了我院应用加压螺纹钉内固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折１９例，１６例进行了随访，随访时间６个月～４年。手术效果满意，优良率为９３％，其中５例头下型骨折亦顺利愈合．至今未发现股骨头缺血性坏死及不愈合者．我们认为加压螺纹钉内固定的牢固性及稳定性均优于三翼钉固定。本文对手术方法、该钉的结构及生物力学原理进行了探讨。     

The göttingen quick arch-bar: A new technique of arch-bar fixation without ligature wires

A simple and easy fixation technique is described in which a newly designed quick arch-bar is used which can be attached easily and quickly and provides consistently firm fixation even in difficult situations. No anaesthesia or sophisticated appliances are required.     

Primary thoracoplasty and pedicle screw instrumentation in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis

Thoracoplasty in combination with spine fusion is an established method to address the rib cage deformity in idiopathic scoliosis. Most reports about thoracoplasty and scoliosis correction focused on Harrington or CD instrumentation. We report a retrospective analysis of 21 consecutive patients, who were treated with pedicle screw instrumentation for idiopathic thoracic scoliosis and concomitant thoracoplasty. Minimal follow up was 24 (24–75) months. Indication for thoracoplasty was clinical rib prominence of more than 15°. In average there was a 44% correction of clinical rib hump, from 18 (15–25°) to 10° (0–18°) (p<0.0001) and a 40% correction of radiological rib hump, from 15 (5–20°) to 9°(2–15°) (p<0.0001). The preoperative pulmonary function, accessed by forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), remained unchanged at the last follow up. The distal end of fusion was the end vertebra of the curve in 83.3% and the end vertebra plus one in 16.7% of the patients. There was a 68% correction of instrumented primary thoracic curves, from 60 (45–85°) to 19°(5–36°) (p<0.0001), and a 45% correction of non-instrumented secondary lumbar curves, from 40 (28–60°) to 22°(8–38°) (p<0.0001). Apical vertebral rotation (AVR) of the thoracic curves improved 54%, from 24 (10–35°) to 11° (5–20°) (p<0.0001). The tilt of lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) improved 68%, from 28 (20–42°) to 9°(3–20°) (p<0.0001). There was no significant change in sagittal profile of the spine. Analysis with SRS-24 questionnaire showed that the majority of the patients were very satisfied with the outcome. A matched control group (n=21) operated by the same surgeon with the same operation technique but without concomitant thoracoplasty was chosen for comparison. The scoliosis correction in the two groups was comparable. The patients without thoracoplasty had 37% spontaneous improvement of the clinical rib hump.     

经椎板关节突关节螺钉固定的生物力学实验研究

目的:探讨经椎板关节突关节螺钉(简称TLS)固定的可靠性。方法:选用7具腰椎标本,制成两个功能单元,分别在正常、髓核切除和椎间置入融合器(TFC)后行TLS固定,进行前屈、后伸、侧方压缩和轴向旋转实验,最大压缩力矩10Nm、旋转力矩10.8Nm,测量成角运动范围(ROM)。结果:与对照组相比,TLS单侧固定组的前屈、后伸、侧弯、旋转ROM分别减少2.92%、1.78%、5.77%和7.92%,双侧固定组分别减少15.59%、5.72%、15.18%和20.19%;“髓核半切 TLS”组均明显小于“髓核全切 TLS”组和对照组;“TFC TLS”组较TFC组分别减少8.20%、12.55%、9.57%和22.07%。结论:在无明显前中柱不稳时,TLS固定后脊柱的前屈、后伸、侧弯和旋转的稳定性明显增加,尤其旋转增加较多;单纯椎间置入融合器时后伸、旋转稳定性相对较差,TLS可增加其各向稳定性。