腹部手术后并发下肢深静脉血栓16例分析

目的　探讨腹部手术后并发下肢深静脉血栓形成 (DVT)的原因、诊治要点和预防措施。方法　回顾性分析 1 6例腹部手术后并发DVT病人的临床特点及诊断、治疗方法。结果　发生DVT的高危因素是复合创伤、恶性肿瘤、血粘度增高、老年病人、合并高血压病、糖尿病及术后常规应用止血药等。本组 1 6例均治愈 ,无一例发生肺栓塞等严重后果。结论　腹部手术后并发DVT者要积极早期治疗 ,对发生DVT的高危人群术前、术后应采取预防措施     

局部物理加压预防全身麻醉术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的研究

目的评价局部物理加压预防全麻术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效和安全性。方法入选全身麻醉手术患者345例，分为对照组、肝素组和物理加压组，各组间血栓形成风险差异无统计学意义。对照组无任何抗凝措施介入，肝素组使用低分子肝素抗凝治疗，物理加压组使用梯度压力弹力袜进行下肢局部加压。所有患者在术后第7天查双下肢深静脉血管超声，术后第3天测凝血酶原时间（PT）和部分凝血活酶时间（AFYF）。结果术后血管超声检查显示，肝素组和物理加压组下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），肝素组凝血酶原时间（PT）长于对照组和物理加压组（P〈0．05）。结论下肢局部物理加压是一种预防术后下肢深静脉血栓形成安全、有效的方法。     

Cerebral venous malformation complicated by spontaneous thrombosis

A case of spontaneous thrombosis and infarction leading to death as complications of a cerebral venous malformation in a 13-yearold boy is reported. This is the first published report of this type of complication occurring in a case of venous angioma. While the biologic behavior of cerebral venous malformations has suggested that they are benign in nature, and the results of surgical management have encouraged a conservative approach, the present case illustrates a potential complication and argues against the assumption that these malformations are completely benign in nature.     

应用结合于内皮细胞的尿激酶预防血栓形成

提纯出受损伤内皮细胞的特异性抗原，再用免疫学方法制得相应抗体，并把它与尿激酶形成结合物。在人工造成血管内皮细胞损伤的动物中，分别用尿激酶结合物、单纯特异性抗体处理，各组动物处死后进行形态学观察。结果显示：在未用尿激酶结合物处理的动物血管内和使用结合物处理的血管内，血栓形成的程度有明显的差别，前者明显，后者轻微。这种方法既能预防血栓形成，又不会产生继发性出血的危险。     

Recurrent venous thrombosis following free flap surgery: The role of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Complications following free tissue transfer have been well established in the literature. Common and rare causes of free flap failure must be addressed by the treating surgeon when microvascular patency is threatened. With the evolution and prevalence of microsurgery, ‘rare’ causes of free flap failure will become increasingly frequent. A high index of suspicion must be established in patients with multiple failed operative interventions. A case of recurrent free flap failure secondary to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is presented in a patient with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, and a long-standing history of alcohol and tobacco consumption.     

Left-sided superior vena cava: diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging

We describe a case of left-sided superior vena cava. The diagnosis was suggested by chest radiograph after central venous catheter placement. This was subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Received: 4 March 1997 Accepted: 21 March 1997     

Effects of STA-MCA anastomosis for ischaemic oculopathy due to occlusion of the internal carotid artery

Summary Effects of STA-MCA anastomosis on two patients with neovascular glaucoma due to occlusion of the internal carotid artery are presented. Both patients improved in visual acuity and central retinal artery pressure as well as in signs of transient ischaemic attack. Postoperative angiography showed a marked decrease in collateral flow through the ophthalmic artery, which is reversed from the normal direction, with the development of blood flow through the anastomosis. Discussion is offered indicating that the lack of collateral flow through both the anterior and posterior communicating arteries is important in addition to occlusion of the internal carotid artery in order to produce full-blown ischaemic oculopathy such as venous stasis retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma or rubeosis iridis. It is stressed that EC-IC bypass surgery should be performed soon after the appearance of ischaemia and before the development of neovascular glaucoma or rubeosis iridis in order to obtain normal vision. In ischaemic oculopathy the results of EC-IC bypass can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively by many noninvasive neuro-ophthalmological tests which are important in discussing the efficacy of the bypass surgery.     

Cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and relative CO2 reactivity during neurolept anaesthesia in patients subjected to craniotomy for supratentorial cerebral tumours

In 10 patients subjected to craniotomy for supratentorial cerebral tumours in neurolept anaesthesia, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were measured twice peroperatively by a modification of the Kety & Schmidt technique, using 133Xe. The relative CO2 reactivity was assessed indirectly as the % change of the arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVDO2) per mm change in PaCO2. The patients were premedicated with diazepam 10-15 mg perorally. For induction, thiopentone 4-6 mg/kg, droperidol 0.2 mg/kg and fentanyl 5 micrograms/kg were used, and for maintenance N2O 67% and fentanyl 4 micrograms/kg/h. During the first flow measurement the median and range of CBF was 30 ml/100 g/min (range 17-45), of AVDO2 8.0 vol % (range 4.1-9.5), and of CMRO2 2.28 ml O2/100 g/min (range 1.57-2.84). During the second CBF study, AVDO2 increased to 9.3 vol % (range 3.4-11) (P less than 0.05), and CMRO2 increased to 2.51 ml O2/100 g/min (range 1.88-3.00) P less than 0.05, while CBF was unchanged. The CO2 reactivity was present in all studies, median 1.8%/mmHg (range 0.5-15.1). The correlation coefficients between jugular venous oxygen tension/saturation, respectively, and CBF were high at tensions/saturations exceeding 4.0 kPa and 55%, indicating that hyperperfusion is easily unveiled by venous samples from the jugular vein during this anaesthesia.     

Hepatic infarction with portal thrombosis

A case of hepatic infarction with portal thrombosis is reported. A 63-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices was admitted for treatment of the esophagel varices. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) were performed. Two months later, she experienced right hypochondralgia and right flank pain. Serum transaminase levels were suddenly elevated, and computed tomography scans of the liver showed multiple small nodular lesions. Her condition worsened, and she died of hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed splenic and portal vein thrombosis, multiple hepatic infarction, and evidence of chronic pancreatitis. We believe that liver cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis were the main risk factors for the portal thrombosis, and the treatment for esophageal varices appeared to have triggered the thrombosis. The hepatic infarction was caused by the portal thrombosis.     

Possible injury to the branches of the peroneal nerve during fibular osteotomies

Conclusions The peroneal nerves and their blood supply are at risk during high tibial osteotomies. Fixation of nerves by fibrous tissues, compression by tendinous arcades of the peroneus longus tendon, and narrow passages for nerves crossing dense fibrous septa are all factors which favor the development of peroneal nerve lesions. Intraoperative soft tissue retraction and pull by retractors may damage nerves and vessels. The muscle branch for the extensor hallucis longus muscle is particularly at risk during the fibular osteotomy since it runs directly on the bone.