社区高血压管理中的健康教育效果评价

目的探讨健康教育在高血压药物治疗中的作用及对患者生活质量的影响。方法将社区筛查中发现的高血压患者共计137例,根据高血压危险度进行分层,随机分为综合治疗组和单一用药组。结果一年后,综合治疗组血压控制理想,总有效率为91.2%,单一用药组总有效率为76.8%,两组有统计学差异(P<0.01);两组间的危险度等级分层有统计学差异(P<0.01);综合治疗组的生活方式及精神状态明显好于单一用药组。结论健康教育有利于社区高血压的治疗,并能提高患者生活质量。     

社区家庭干预在精神分裂症患者康复工作中的研究

目的:探讨社区家庭干预模式对精神分裂症患者社会功能康复的有效性和可行性。探索“非专门机构化”模式在社区精神疾病防治康复中实现的途径。方法:以社区为单位,选取三个区的100例社区精神分裂症患者,由社区精防康复专业人员实施一年的家庭干预,并与98例患者作对照研究。采用WHO编制的社会功能残疾评定量表(DAS)及患者疾病转归调查表(自编)评定效果。结果:经测评,干预组社会功能(生活能力、家庭职能、工作职能、社交能力)的康复较一年前显著提高(P<0.001);病情不稳定/恶化及疾病复发的情况也有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论:社区家庭干预效果理想,能有效促进患者社会功能康复,值得探索、普及、推广和应用。     

社区饮食和运动干预对代谢综合征患者糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨社区饮食和运动干预对代谢综合征患者糖脂代谢的影响。方法对上海市某社区66名代谢综合征患者实施社区饮食和运动干预,饮食干预采用食品交换法,运动干预以步行为主,干预为期3个月,并随访3个月,同时将66名患者作为对照。结果干预组患者空腹血糖、果糖胺显著低于干预前和对照组,总胆固醇显著低于干预前,甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著变化。结论社区饮食和运动干预能改善代谢综合征患者的糖代谢,对脂代谢效果不明显。     

创建全国社区卫生服务示范区 促进儿童保健事业发展

宝安区于1996年初在全省率先开展社区卫生服务,始终树立大卫生观念,坚持预防为主、中西医并重的原则,以社区文明建设为指导方针,以促进健康为目的,提供了以个人为中心、家庭为单位、社区为范围、老幼妇残为重点人群的卫生服务。经过多年的努力,全区现建有社区卫生服务中心(站)115个,覆盖人口160多万,已形成覆盖全区的社区卫生服务网络,并于2004年11月通过了全国社区卫生服务示范区的评估。     

Effectiveness of training on the community skills of children with intellectual disabilities

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities often have difficulties in daily tasks, requiring training to increase functional independence. This study measured the effectiveness of community skills training in a telephone task and a shopping task, and examined if community-based training was more effective than classroom-based training. Material and methods: A randomized control trial with 40 children aged 9–11years was completed. Intervention groups attended an eight-week training programme; the control group received no treatment. One intervention group practised skills in local shops. All participants were assessed before and after treatment in a shopping task and telephone task, using task analysis methodology. Results: Data showed a highly statistically significant difference between intervention and control groups in the shopping task (p=0.007); however, there was no significant difference between classroom and classroom supplemented by community-based learning in the shopping task. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the telephone task. Conclusion: Results suggested that skills training was effective in one of the skill areas with this client group. Further research is required to determine if community-based training is more effective than classroom-based learning.     

SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE AMONG ADULTS IN THE NORTHERN PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA: QUALITATIVE DATA FROM FOCUS GROUPS

The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions on the use of smokeless tobacco in the Northern Province, South Africa. Ten focus groups were conducted in 1999 with two heterogeneous groups (5 with middle-aged and 5 with the aged). They were mainly Northern Sotho speaking. From 72 participants 16 women and 8 men admitted to using snuff. The most popular types of smokeless tobacco used were homemade snuff and only a few used ‘commercial” snuff. The basic ingredients for homemade snuff were tobacco and other plant leaves. Snuff was found to have important functions and to be socially acceptable in the groups studied mainly for ceremonial and medicinal use and to a lesser degree for relaxation and pleasure. Generally, positive and medicinal effects were noted for snuff use. Most participants agreed that it is addictive, but only a few acknowledged the negative effects in terms of causing cancer.     

Community orientation of general practitioners in 34 countries

General practitioners (GPs) are frontline health workers. They should be sensitive to the health needs of the community in addition to caring for patients that visit their practice. Due to changes in demography, epidemiology, ecology and healthcare policy, a community orientation becomes more important. Our research question is: to what extent does community orientation of GPs vary between countries and GPs and how can this variation be explained? We use cross-sectional survey data from the QUALICOPC study, conducted among over 7000 GPs in 34 countries. Community orientation was measured through a scale constructed from three survey questions on whether GPs would take action when confronted with: repeated accidents in an industrial setting, frequent respiratory problems in patients living near a certain industry, and repeated cases of food poisoning in the local community. Independent variables are at healthcare system level and GP or practice level. Data were analysed using linear multilevel regression analysis. Community orientation varies between GPs and countries. Community orientation is more frequent in healthcare systems with a list system, among self-employed GPs, those using medical records to make overviews, and those more active in prevention and multidisciplinary cooperation. GPs in rural areas and areas with more people from ethnic minorities are more community oriented. Based on the variation between countries and GPs, we would like to raise awareness and underline the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation.     

电话网络心电模式在社区基础医疗的应用

目的:探讨电话网络心电模式在社区基础医疗的应用效果。方法:对社区医院的142例有心脏不适症状而普通心电图多次检查均正常的患者进行电话网络心电监测(TTM)1056次,通过电话和网络传送心电信息至本院心脏监测中心,专职人员分析、诊断和出具报告,指导患者用药和治疗。结果:142例患者中发现早期心肌梗死心电图改变者1例,缺血型ST-T改变者16例,阵发性室上速22例,阵发性房颤12例,间歇性预激综合症8例,房性早搏和(或)室性早搏35例,6例安装永久起搏器和14例冠状动脉支架置入(PCI)术后患者TTM监测无新的异常出现,28例未见异常。结论:TTM监测能及时将平时心电图、Holter等难以捕捉的心电信息记录下来,为临床诊断和治疗提供有效依据,为患者提供早期诊断心脏病的检查手段。     

Drive-thru pharmacy services: A way forward to combat COVID-19 pandemic

Countries around the globe have responded to pandemic preparedness and developed strategies to cope with the COVID-19 crisis. In this context, the role of healthcare professionals is of paramount importance. Pharmacists are playing a vital role in dealing, preparedness, prevention, protection, promoting access to medicines and to improve health outcomes during this crisis. In this context, “Drive-thru” pharmacy services improve access to medicines while ensuring the preventive measures suggested by the World Health Organization. This commentary provides an overview of opportunities and challenges related to the implementation of “drive-thru pharmacy services” and their role in improving public health during this crisis.     

Fall injuries in Baghdad from 2003 to 2014: Results of a randomised household cluster survey

IntroductionFalls incur nearly 35 million disability-adjusted life-years annually; 75% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. The epidemiology of civilian injuries during conflict is relatively unknown, yet important for planning prevention initiatives, health policy and humanitarian assistance. This study aimed to determine the death and disability and household consequences of fall injuries in post-invasion Baghdad.MethodsA two-stage, cluster randomised, community-based household survey was performed in May of 2014 to determine the civilian burden of injury from 2003 to 2014 in Baghdad. In addition to questions about household member death, households were interviewed regarding injury specifics, healthcare required, disability, relatedness to conflict and resultant financial hardship.ResultsNine hundred households totaling 5148 individuals were interviewed. There were 138 fall injuries (25% of all injuries reported); fall was the most common mechanism of civilian injury in Baghdad. The rate of serious fall injuries increased from 78 to 466 per 100,000 persons in 2003 and 2013, respectively. Fall was the most common mechanism among the injured elderly (i.e. ≥65 years; 15/24 elderly unintentional injuries; 63%). However, 46 fall injuries were children aged <15 years (49% of unintentional injuries) and 77 were respondents aged 15–64 years (36%). Respondents who spent significant time within the home (i.e. unemployed, retired, homemaker) had three times greater odds of having suffered a fall injury than student referents (aOR 3.34; 95%CI 1.30–8.60). Almost 80% of fall injured were left with life-limiting disability. Affected households often borrowed substantial sums of money (34 households; 30% of affected households) and/or suffered food insecurity after a family member's fall (52; 46%).ConclusionFalls were the most common cause of civilian injury in Baghdad. In part due to the effect of prolonged insecurity on a fragile health system, many injuries resulted in life-limiting disabilities. In turn, households shouldered much of the burden after fall injury due to loss of income and/or medical expenditure, often resulting in food insecurity. Given ongoing conflict, civilian injury control initiatives, trauma care strengthening efforts and support for households of the injured is urgently needed.