超声乳化术治疗合并白内障的闭角型青光眼临床分析

目的观察超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入治疗合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法 32例(37只眼)合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术,观察患者术前术后视力、眼压、周边前房深度、房角等情况。术后随访时间为3个月。结果术后所有患者的矫正视力均有不同程度的提高;眼压较术前有所下降;周边前房深度均≥1CT;房角变宽。结论对术前眼压药物控制正常水平,房角关闭范围≤1/2圆周者,超声乳化白内障摘除术可有效治疗合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼。     

外伤性房角后退性青光眼手术方法选择的研究

目的:探讨外伤性房角后退性青光眼手术方法的选择.方法:选取2014-02/2015-06在我院接受手术治疗的外伤性房角后退性青光眼患者94例94眼,其中术前眼压＜30mmHg、房角后退范围≤180°、视盘C/D ≥0.6患者选择常规小梁切除术(A组,n=63);术前眼压30 ～ 39mmHg,房角后退范围＞180°,视盘C/D在0.6 ～0.8患者选择复合式小梁切除术(B组,n=24);术前眼压＞39～50mmHg,房角后退范围＞180°,视盘C/D在0.8～1.0患者选择青光眼引流阀植入术(C组,n=7);观察患者术前及术后12mo眼压、视力、有效滤过泡及并发症情况.结果:A组、B组和C组术后12mo眼压分别为14.31±1.17、15.04± 1.20、15.10±2.10mmHg,均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05);三组患者术后眼压比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组、B组和C组术后视力改善比例分别为90％、83％和86％,差异比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05);A组、B组和C组术后有效滤过泡比例分别为92％、92％和86％,差异比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组、B组和C组术后视野计分较术前明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:根据患者房角后退范围、眼压情况选择不同的手术方式治疗,能有效降低眼压,提高患者视力.     

ATOH7和RFTN1与青少年型原发性开角型青光眼的关联研究

目的：前期研究显示ATOH7和RFTN1基因的SNPs之间的相互作用可增加成年型原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma, POAG)的患病风险,本实验研究ATOH7和RFTN1基因的序列变异在青少年型原发性开角型青光眼(juvenile-primary open angle glaucoma, JOAG)患者中的作用。

方法：研究对象包括青少年型原发性开角型青光眼患者共52例(确诊年龄<35岁)及298例对照者(年龄≥60岁)。收集研究对象的血样,提取DNA,然后对提取的DNA进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)后测定ATOH7单外显子的序列。另外对ATOH7上游单核苷酸多态性位点(SNP)(rs1900004和rs3858145)及RFTN1的SNP(rs690037)进行TaqMan分析检测其基因分型。

结果：在青少年型原发性开角型青光眼患者ATOH7单外显子测序结果中没有发现基因突变位点。ATOH7测序结果发现的两个SNPs：rs7916697、rs61854782和ATOH7上游SNPs(rs1900004、rs3858145)及RFTN1的SNP(rs690037)的单倍体型及等位基因频率在患者组与对照组无统计学意义(所有校正P > 0.05),ATOH7及RFTN1与青少年型原发性开角型青光眼没有相关性。

结论：本实验前期研究虽显示ATOH7和RFTN1基因的SNPs之间的相互作用可增加成年型原发性开角型青光眼的患病风险,但本研究未发现与青少年型原发性开角型青光眼有相关性,提示不同类型开角型青光眼可能在基因机制方面的差异,值得我们进一步研究     

原发性开角型青光眼的分子遗传学研究进展

原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)是常见的不可逆性致盲眼病,以病理性眼压升高和视神经损伤为主要特点,同时伴有一定的遗传特征.利用传统的基因定位和候选策略,以及近年来快速发展的遗传学研究方法,如全基因组关联研究和全外显子测序技术等技术,目前已经鉴定出16个与POAG发病相关的遗传位点,其中MYOC、OPTN和WDR36是研究较为确切且公认的与POAG发病相关的致病基因.同时,新的致病基因不断被发现,如新近鉴定出的NTF4和TBK1等基因扩充了POAG的突变库.这些致病基因的发现也使人们对POAG的发病机制有了更深入的认识,也为该病的遗传学研究和基因治疗提供了坚实基础.现就POAG分子遗传学研究方法和相关位点进行综述,为该病的遗传学诊断和精准治疗提供一定的参考.     

Removal of intraocular foreign body in anterior chamber angle with prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps

AIM: To introduce a novel approach in removal of anterior chamber angle foreign body (ACFB) using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps. METHODS: Data of 42 eyes of 42 patients who had undergone removal of ACFB using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps from January 2008 to October 2013 were collected and analyzed. Twenty eyes in group A received the conventional approach by using toothed forceps through corneal limbus incision, and 22 eyes in group B underwent the novel method through the opposite corneal limbus incision. RESULTS: The success rate of ACFB once removal was 75% (15/20) in group A, and 100% (22/22) in group B. The average operation time of group A was significantly longer compared with group B (34.9±9.88min vs 22.13±8.85min; P<0.05). The average size of corneal limbus incision in group A was significantly larger than that of group B (4.85±1.89 mm vs 3.95±1.17 mm; P<0.05). The corneal limbus incision suturing were conducted in all eyes in group A, and only 5 eyes in group B. CONCLUSION: Removal of ACFB using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps is a safer, more effective, and convenient technique compared with the conventional approach.     

[In Press] Effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

AIM: To compare the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). METHODS: A retrospective comparative case series conducted at the Glaucoma Department at the Association for Preventing Blindness in Mexico. The study enrolled consecutive patients having phacoemulsification with IOL implantation and a diagnosis of POAG or PXG. Data about IOP values and number of glaucoma medications used was collected at baseline, month 1, 3, 6 and 12 postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 88 patients (88 eyes). After phacoemulsification, there was a statistically significant reduction in IOP values and glaucoma medications use compared to baseline in both POAG and PXG patients (P<0.001). In the POAG group, a 20% decrease in IOP values was evidenced, and a 56.5% reduction in the number of medications used at the one-year follow-up. The PXG group showed a 20.39%, and a 34.46% decrease in IOP and number of medications used, respectively. A significant difference in the mean ΔIOP (postoperative changes in intraocular pressure) was evidenced between groups (P=0.005). The reduction of the postsurgical IOP mean values in both groups, the POAG group showed a greater reduction in IOP values compared to the PXG group. CONCLUSION: In both types of glaucoma, phacoemulsification cataract surgery can result in a significant IOP reduction (20%) over a 12-month follow-up period. The number of medications used is also significantly reduced up to 12mo after surgery, especially in the PXG group.     

Genes of tumor necrosis factors and their receptors and the primary open angle glaucoma in the population of Central Russia

AIM: To examine the association of genetic polymorphisms (-308)G/A TNFα, (+250)A/G Ltα, (+36)A/G TNFR1, (+1663)A/G TNFR2 with the development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) among people in Central Russia. METHODS: The study sample included 443 individuals, of which 252 patients with POAG and 191 individuals in the control group. Genotyping of (-308)G/A TNFα, (+250)A/G Ltα, (+36)A/G TNFR1, (+1663)A/G TNFR2 was performed using polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of alleles and genotypes of the studied DNA markers in the groups was examined by 2×2 contingency tables and χ2 with the Yates’s correction for continuity and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Allele (-308)G TNFα (Р=0.01, OR=1.78, 95%CI 1.12-2.85) was identified as a risk factor for POAG. Homozygotes (-308) AA TNFα are at a lowest risk for development of the disease (Р=0.01, OR=0.0005). The following combination of genetic variants of cytokines were associated with a reduced risk of POAG: (+1663)A TNFR2 and (+250)G Ltα (OR=0.34) CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms (-308)G/A TNFα, (+250)A/G Ltα, (+1663)A/G TNFR2 associated with the development of POAG in the population of Central Russia.     

Diabetes and risk of glaucoma: systematic review and a Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

AIM: To quantify the association between diabetes and glaucoma using Meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched using medical subject headings and key words related to diabetes and glaucoma. The inclusion criteria were: 1) the study design was a prospective cohort study; 2) the exposure of interest was diabetes; 3) the outcome of interest was primary open angle glaucoma (POAG); 4) risk ratios (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were pooled using fixed effects models to take into account heterogeneity between studies. Seven prospective studies were selected. Diabetes increased the incidence of glaucoma by 36% (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.25-1.50). There was no evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I2=0, P=0.53) or publication bias (the funnel plot did not identify obvious asymmetry). RESULTS: Seven prospective cohort studies were incorporated in this Meta-analysis. The pooled RR of the association between POAG and diabetes based on the risk estimates of the seven cohort studies was 1.36 (95%CI=1.24-1.50), with no significant heterogeneity across studies (I2=0; P=0.526). The sensitivity analysis yielded a range of RRs from 1.34 (95%CI=1.22-1.48) to1.40 (95%CI=1.18-1.67). CONCLUSION: Diabetes is associated with a significantly increased risk of glaucoma.     

Long-term efficacy and safety of ExPress implantation for treatment of open angle glaucoma

AIM: To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of ExPress implantation and standard trabeculectomy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: In this retrospective study, we compared 17 eyes treated by ExPress implantation with 23 eyes treated by trabeculectomy. Efficacy was assessed according to the relevant intraocular pressure (IOP) values and success rates during the first year of follow-up. Postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss was also compared. RESULTS: The number of antiglaucoma medications and the IOP reduction were similar between the 2 groups during the follow-up period. Although the mean IOP was similar, the IOP-fluctuation rate during the early postoperative period was significantly lower in the ExPress group than in the trabeculectomy group (P=0.038). A Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed no significant success-rate difference between the groups (P=0.810). The corneal endothelial cell loss rate, moreover, was significantly lower in the ExPress group (P=0.05). CONCLUSION: ExPress implantation compared with trabeculectomy showed similar IOP-reduction and success rates along with lower IOP fluctuation and endothelial cell loss rates. For this reason, it can be considered to be the treatment of choice for patients with advanced glaucoma or low corneal endothelial cell density.