Constitutional C-band pattern in patients with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum

The pattern of polymorphism in the C-band-positive constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was studied in fibroblasts from 23 unrelated patients with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum and in peripheral lymphocytes from 78 control persons. The parameters of the heterochromatic regions analyzed were relative size, symmetry-asymmetry within homologous chromosome pairs, and frequency of inversions. The polyposis coli patients had a significantly higher frequency (p less than 0.05) of partial and total heterochromatin inversion on chromosome #9 than the control group (37.0% compared with 21.8%). In the other parameters studied, no significant differences were found between patients and controls.     

Clinical evaluation of 430 MHz microwave hyperthermia system with lens applicator for cancer therapy

The clinical efficacy of a microwave (MW) hyperthermia system using an electric-field converging (lens) applicator is evaluated for 42 malignant tumours with a maximum tumour depth of less than 7 cm. The mean of the maximum, average and minimum tumour temperature of the 42 tumours are 44,5, 42.5 and 40.7 C, respectively. The thermal parameters are higher for tumours in the chest, abdominal walls and hip than for those in the neck, groin and extremities. No apparent difference in thermal parameters according to the depth of tumour is shown. Of 40 tumours treated by hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy, 20 (50%) showed complete regression, 14 (35%) showed partial regression, and six (15%) showed no change. This phase I and II study indicates clinical feasibility of the newly developed MW heating apparatus, and strongly suggests the usefulness of thermoradiotherapy in the treatment of localised superficial and subsurface malignancies.     

Psychosis as a predictor of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder

Sixty-six bipolar I lithium clinic patients were studied for a history of psychotic symptoms at some time during the course of their illness. Agreement between different sources of information was calculated, and the patient population was divided into psychotic and non-psychotic subgroups. Probability of remaining well on lithium for the different subgroups was analyzed by the life table method. Psychosis during mania appeared to be associated with especially good early lithium prophylaxis.     

The cholinergic nervous system and immediate hypersensitivity: I. Eccrine sweat responses in allergic patients

The cholinergically innervated human eccrine sweat gland is a readily available organ permitting the assessment in allergic patients of cholinergic reactivity with few or no adrenergic influences. The sweat responses of four matched groups (male allergic, female allergic, male control, and female control) to intradermal Mecholyl from 0.1 μg to 100 μg was compared; the 45 male and 45 female allergic patients demonstrated statistically significant increases in sweat responses to essentially all concentrations of Mecholyl examined. No difference in the sweat responses of patients with allergic rhinitis alone as compared with patients with both allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma was noted. Five patients with intrinsic asthma most closely resembled the allergic groups in their responses and 8 patients with vasomotor rhinitis sweated at or below the control groups. The increased sensitivity of allergic patients to cholinergic stimulation as measured by eccrine sweat responses suggests that this hyperresponsiveness may be one of the underlying defects in allergic disease.     

Comparative haematological and plasma chemistry values in purpose-bred squirrel, cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys

Haematological and blood chemistry data have been compared for three species of purpose-bred primates, Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey), Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey), Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey). These species were housed over a 9-month period in identical conditions (diet, tap water, room temperature and relative humidity, and lighting regime) in our primate facility. Blood and urine assays were conducted using the same pre-analytical conditions (blood sampling procedure, anticoagulant and storage of sample), and analytical methods (reagent and equipment).The results indicated that squirrel, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys have essentially biologically similar values for all of the parameters examined. However, haemoglobin level, reticulocyte, plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin and urea nitrogen values, and urinary osmolality in cynomolgus monkeys were statistically lower than those of rhesus monkeys. Erythrocyte count, plasma ALT, calcium and potassium in cynomolgus monkeys were statistically higher than those of rhesus monkeys. Erythrocyte count, haemoglobin level, haematocrit, reticulocyte, plasma total bilirubin and chloride and urinary osmolality in cynomolgus monkeys were statistically lower than those of squirrel monkeys. Leucocyte count, plasma total protein, albumin and calcium in cynomolgus monkeys were statistically higher than those of squirrel monkeys. Squirrel monkeys showed marked deviations in four assays from the other two species: ratio of lymphocytes to neutrophils, AST, ALT and urine volume.The results obtained in this study will be used as baseline data for haematology and clinical chemistry characteristics for three species of purpose-bred monkeys.     

ECLIPS: An extended clinical laboratory information processing system

The clinical laboratory is regarded as a component of the medical care system extending from physician to laboratory staff and back to physician. From this concept a computer-based system of laboratory information is derived, emphasizing: (1) total laboratory responsibility for the test and its request, and (2) physician-oriented output reports.     

Cytogenetic studies of bone marrow and extramedullary tissues and clinical course during metamorphosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia

Of 33 consecutive patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, examined during metamorphosis, 82% showed chromosome abnormalities in addition to the Ph1. Aberrations most frequently encountered were +8 (39%), +22q - (30%), and i(17q) (18%). Translocations other than the Ph1 were observed in four cases and - Y clones in four cases. Discrepancies in the cytogenetic pattern between bone marrow and extramedullary tissues or blood were noted in a total of 15 patients. In six cases, transformation occurred in extramedullary organs at a time when it was not present in the marrow. In three cases the bone marrow transformation was preceded by a lymph node blastic infiltrate; in one case, by a skin infiltrate; and in one case, by a subdural blastoma. Clonal abnormalities additional to the Ph1 were identified in the tumor tissue from all these cases. Patients with primary extramedullary transformation tended to have a lower median age at onset of metamorphosis, shorter survival, and higher incidence of chromosome abnormalities than the cases without extramedullary involvement. Patients with only Ph1-positive cells and no other anomalies had a slightly longer duration of metamorphosis and longer total survival. Basophilia and thrombocytopenia were more marked in cases with i(17q) than in the rest of the series.     

催经止孕药Ru-486的临床药代动力学

应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)研究了抗孕激素药,Ru-486的临床药代动力学。六名志愿受试者,一次口服Ru-486 50毫克后测得该药的药代动力学各项参数,血药半寿期t 1/2 33.0小时,一级消除速率常数Kel 0.021 hr~(-1),血药表观容积Vd 120.1 Liter,体内血药总廓清率Cl2.5 Liter/hr,药-时曲线下面积Auc 19825.1 ng/ml/hr。实验表明,服药后一小时血药浓度迅即达高峰,随后转入消除期,血浆药物浓度在消除相的头4～8小时消除较快,而后逐渐减慢,持续24小时,到48小时血药浓度已较低(0.15±0.07μg/ml)。     

无呼吸道症状肺癌35例临床分析

目的：探讨完全无症状或无呼吸道症状肺癌的早期诊断。方法：随机抽取1995年2月至2001年3月经临床及病理诊断为肺癌的380例,其中“无症状”肺癌35例进行分析。结果：由于“无症状”肺癌的异位内分泌等作用,致使患者表现为神经科,骨科,皮肤科,消化科,内分泌科学等多学科病变。结论：为了提高“无症状”肺癌的早期确诊率,及早行胸片,CT片,支行镜等相关检查相当重要,定期体检对于早期发现肺癌有重要的意义。