Effect of central precocious puberty and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on peak bone mass and final height in females

To evaluate the effect of central precocious puberty (CPP) and its treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues on final height and peak bone mass (PBM), we measured lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in 23 girls at final height. Patients were distributed in two groups. Group 1: 14 patients with progressive CPP were treated with GnRH analogues; seven patients received buserelin (1600 μg/daily), subsequently switched to depot triptorelin (60 μg/kg/26–28 days); seven patients were treated with depot triptorelin (60 μg/kg/26–28 days); mean age of treatment was 6.2 years (range 2.7–7.8 years); the treatment was discontinued at the mean age of 10.1 years (range 8.7–11.3 years); final height was reached at the mean age 13.4 years (range 12.0–14.9 years). Group 2: 9 patients (mean age 6.5 years, range 4.8–7.7 years) with a slowly progressing variant of CPP were followed without treatment; final height was reached at the mean␣age␣13.6 years (range 12.5–14.8 years). Lumbar BMD (L₂-L₄ by dual energy X-ray␣absorptiometry) was measured in all patients at final height. In group 1, final height␣(158.9 ± 5.4 cm) was significantly greater than the pre-treatment predicted height (153.5 ± 7.2 cm, P < 0.001), but significantly lower than mid-parental height (163.2 ± 6.2 cm, P < 0.005). Subdividing the girls of group 1 according to the bone age at discontinuation of therapy (i.e. ≤11.5 years, n = 5, or ≥12.0 years, n = 9), the former patients had a final height significantly higher than the latter (163.7 ± 3.9 cm vs 156.5 ± 4.6 cm, P < 0.02). In group 2, final height (161.8 ± 4.6 cm) was similar to the pre-treatment predicted height (163.1 ± 6.2 cm, P = NS) and was not significantly different from mid-parental height (161.0 ± 5.9 cm). BMD values (group 1: 1.11 ± 0.14 g/cm², group 2: 1.22 ± 0.08 g/cm²) were not significantly different from those of a control group (1.18 ± 0.10 g/cm²; n = 20, age 16.3–20.5 years) and the patients' mothers (group 1: 1.16 ± 0.07 g/cm², n = 11, age 32.9–45.1 years; group 2: 1.20 ± 0.08 g/cm², n = 7, age 33.5–46.5 years). In group 1, the girls who stopped therapy at a bone age ≤11.5 years had significantly higher BMD (1.22 ± 0.10 g/cm²) compared to those who discontinued therapy at a bone age ≥12.0 years (1.04 ± 0.12 g/cm², P < 0.05). Conclusion In girls with progressive CPP, long-term treatment with GnRH analogues improves final height. A subset of patients with CPP does not require treatment because good statural outcome (slowly progressing variant). In CPP, the abnormal onset of puberty and the long-term GnRH analogue treatment do not impair the achievement of PBM. In GnRH treated patients, the discontinuation of therapy at an appropriate bone age for pubertal onset may improve both final height and PBM. Received: 5 June 1997 / Accepted in revised form 21 November 1997     

密钙息治疗骨转移癌疼痛疗效观察

 本文观察了人工鲑鱼降钙素（密钙息）治疗32例骨转移癌疼痛的效果。结果表明其止痛有效率在用药后第3天达59．4％，第7天达81．3％，第14天为68，8％。毒副反应轻，有轻度乏力、低热、面色潮红等。以上表明密钙息对骨转移癌疼痛疗效确切，安全性高。     

组织蛋白酶D在ⅡB型骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）与骨肉瘤患者预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化技术检测３４例骨肉瘤组织标本中的ＣＤ表达水平，并结合患者临床病案记录和随访资料进行分析。结果ＣＤ高表达与低表达之间的肿瘤转移人数和２年生存人数差异显著，且ＣＤ低表达患者的平均生存时间较高表达者为长。经Ｋａｐｌａｎ┐Ｍｅｉｅｒ分析，两组间生存率有显著差异。结论ＣＤ高表达的骨肉瘤易发生转移，预后不良，应加强治疗。     

Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for the Treatment of Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

The results of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for treatment of relapse after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are reviewed. Durable complete remission can be achieved at the molecular level for a majority (more than 70%) of patients with CML, when treated at early relapse. Results are less favourable for acute leukemias, although useful responses have been reported. Data are scarce though promising for myelodysplastic syndromes and multiple myeloma. Major treatment-associated toxicities are GVHD and bone marrow aplasia. The latter complication can be predicted by evaluating the level of residual donor-derived hematopoiesis. Modification of infused cells (CD8 negative selection or transduction with a suicide gene), addition of peripheral blood stem cells, and early implementation of escalating doses may counteract the complications and increase the response rate. Response rate is variably influenced by the presence of chronic GVHD after initial BMT, T-cell depleted BMT, underlying disease and stage at relapse, and the level of mixed chimerism. DLI is a direct demonstration of the graft-versus-leukemia effect (GVL). Because GVL after BMT is sometimes the predominant cause of cure, it may be advisable in such situations to redirect the conditioning regimens for BMT towards engraftment and less immediate cytotoxicity.     

Pharmacokinetic interaction between ondansetron and cyclophosphamide during high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer

Purpose: Both ondansetron and cyclophosphamide are thought to be metabolized by hepatic microsomal processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between ondansetron and high-dose alkylating agent chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 54 breast cancer patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and carmustine were treated prospectively in four sequential cohorts. Cohorts I and II received continuous infusions of both ondansetron and prochlorperazine, and cohorts III and IV received a continuous infusion of ondansetron alone at the same doses. All patients received lorazepam every 4 h. A group of 75 matched historical controls had received a continuous infusion of prochlorperazine with lorazepam. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of each drug used in the high-dose chemotherapy regimen was conducted. Results: Median AUCs of cyclophosphamide in patients receiving ondansetron (73.6 mg/ml · min) were lower than those of the control patients (88.3 mg/ml · min, n = 75, P = 0.0004), but the median cisplatin AUC was approximately 10% higher and no difference in the disposition of carmustine was demonstrated. Patients treated with ondansetron displayed a higher frequency of headaches than the controls. The frequency of achieving complete emetic control was greater in the ondansetron + prochlorperazine groups compared to the ondansetron alone groups and was greater in both these groups than in the prochlorperazine alone group on the first day of therapy only. Conclusion: Ondansetron altered the systemic exposure to cyclophosphamide when these agents were administered concomitantly. Ondansetron did not substantially improve overall emetic control when used alone but may improve control in combination with prochlorperazine. Future randomized studies are needed to delineate the effect of ondansetron on the disposition of the active cyclophosphamide metabolites so that clinical implications can be addressed. Received: 28 October 1997 / Accepted: 9 March 1998     

骨转移瘤的放射治疗

目的探讨关于骨转移瘤常规分割放疗组与低分割放疗组的止痛效果。方法４８例病人，２８例采用常规分割，ＤＴ２００ＣＧＹ／次，每周５次，ＤＴ３０００～５０００ＣＧＹ；２０例采用低分割照射，ＤＴ４００～５００ＣＧＹ／次，每周２～３次，ＤＴ２５００～３０００ＣＧＹ。结果放疗起到了明显的止痛作用，常规分割放疗组与低分割放疗组止痛效果大致相同，无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论放疗原则应根据病情及预计生存期长短来决定。对一般情况好，预计生存期长的病人应采取积极的治疗，给予大剂量长疗程的常规分割，而对于那些病情相对较重，行动又不方便，无望长期生存的病人，应采取低分割照射，且见效快，同样起到止痛作用     

153Sm-EDTMP治疗肿瘤骨转移止痛效果相关因素分析

目的分析影响１５３ＳｍＥＤＴＭＰ对肿瘤转移性骨痛治疗效果的相关因素。方法对我院近两年使用１５３ＳｍＥＤＴＭＰ行内照射治疗的５９例肿瘤转移性骨痛病人进行回顾性分析，按年龄、病灶数量、不同肿瘤分组，单次剂量给予１５３ＳｍＥＤＴＭＰ１８．５～３７ＭＢｑ／ｋｇ静脉注射，第２天行全身骨显像观查放射分布情况，建立随访。结果总有效率为９３．６％。在年龄组中，以老年组效果最好，止痛有效率为９６．９％；病灶数量组以多发灶效果最好，有效率为９５．７％；不同肿瘤组以乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、前列腺癌效果好，有效率为１００％。结论静脉注射１５３ＳｍＥＤＴＭＰ对肿瘤转移性骨痛内照射治疗是一种良好的治疗方法，疗效肯定。其止痛效果受病人的年龄、骨转移程度和肿瘤组织类型等因素的影响     

珍珠梅提取物的体内抑瘤作用及其机理研究

目的：探讨珍珠梅醋酸乙酯提取物对S180荷瘤小鼠体内的肿瘤抑制作用及机理。方法：按照标准方法给36只小鼠接种S180肉瘤后，给予珍珠梅提取物10 d，观察瘤重及体重，免疫组织化学方法检测肿瘤组织中的hcl-2和p53蛋白，比色分析法检测血清SOD，GSH-Px的活性及MDA含量的变化。结果：给予珍珠梅醋酸乙酯提取物的小鼠瘤重明显小于对照组，实验组与对照组体重变化无显著性差异：对照组的bcl-2和p53蛋白的表达率明显高于实验组，实验组的SOD，GSH-Px活性高于对照组，而MDA含量低于对照组。结论：珍珠梅醋酸乙酯提取物对小鼠S180肿瘤有抑制作用，并有可能影响bcl-2和P53的表达及清除体内自由基。     

高三尖杉酯碱对Jurkat细胞端粒酶活性的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨高三尖杉酯碱（HHT）对人T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株Jurkat细胞端粒酶活性的影响及其机制.方法 采用改良的Krupp荧光素标记的端粒重复扩增（TRAP）方法检测HHT对Jurkat细胞端粒酶活性的影响.半定量RT-PCR方法检测HHT作用后Jurkat细胞端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）及c-myc原癌基因mRNA的表达水平.结果 HHT对Jurkat细胞端粒酶活性及hTERTmRNA、c-myc基因mRNA表达有明显抑制作用.结论 HHT可通过下调hTERT基因转录抑制淋巴细胞的端粒酶活性.c-myc可能参与调控淋巴细胞hTERT基因转录.