儿科血培养两种采集方法标本污染比较分析

目的：分析比较外周静脉留置针穿刺采血与直接静脉穿刺采血血培养标本污染发生率。方法对儿科病房2012年4月～2013年9月送检的血培养标本结果进行回顾性调查，比较两种不同方法采集血培养标本发生的污染率。结果3016份送检的血培养标本中，判断为污染菌的有67例，总污染率为2．2％。外周静脉留置针穿刺采血594例，判断为污染12例，污染率为2．0％；直接静脉穿刺采血2422例，判断为污染54例，污染率2．2％。结论外周静脉留置针穿刺采血与直接静脉穿刺采血，血培养标本污染的发生率差异无显著意义。儿科血培养的采集可以在新置入的外周静脉留置针内采血。     

小檗碱抑制肠道二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ的降糖机制研究

目的探讨短疗程口服小檗碱对糖尿病大鼠模型的作用及相关机制。方法取健康雄性SD大鼠60只，采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型，其中造模成功50只，按照每天灌喂不同药物将大鼠随机分为五组：模型对照组，西格列汀组（磷酸西格列汀10 mg/kg）和小檗碱小剂量组（小檗碱30 mg/kg）、中剂量组（小檗碱60 mg/kg）、大剂量组（小檗碱120 mg/kg）。第三天早晨空腹采血，喂药后半小时予灌喂50%葡萄糖水（2 g/kg），灌喂葡萄糖2 h时采集血液和肠道标本，采用生化分析仪检测空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖，采用ELISA法检测餐后2 h血胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）、二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ（DPP-Ⅳ）及局部肠道组织GLP-1、DPP-Ⅳ含量。结果干预后小檗碱各剂量组的空腹血糖水平、餐后2 h血DPP-Ⅳ水平与模型对照组差异无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）；小檗碱中、大剂量组的餐后2 h血GLP-1水平、血胰岛素水平比模型对照组升高，餐后2 h血糖水平比模型对照组降低（均 P < 0.05）；小檗碱各剂量组的肠道组织餐后2 h GLP-1含量比模型对照组增加，餐后2 h肠道组织DPP-Ⅳ含量比模型对照组减少（均 P < 0.05）。 结论短疗程口服中、大剂量小檗碱能降低糖尿病大鼠模型的餐后血糖，抑制肠道局部的DPP-Ⅳ可能是口服小檗碱的降糖机制之一，DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂的疗效可能与该药的肠道药代动力学有关。     

MicroRNA and hepatitis C virus- challenges in investigation and translation: a review of the literature

Investigations into the role of microRNA (miRNA) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, disease pathogenesis and host immune and treatment response have potential to produce innovations in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. However, investigational challenges remain in generating clinically useful and reproducible results. We review the literature with a primary emphasis on methods and technologies used to construct our current understanding of miRNA and HCV disease. A second emphasis is to understand potential clinical research applications and provide clarification of previous study results. Many miRNA have key roles in viral and immunopathogenesis of HCV infection across multiple tissue compartments. Controversy exists among published studies regarding relative measurements, temporal changes and biological significance of specific miRNA and HCV infection. To reconcile diverging data, additional research into optimal sample processing, in vitro models, techniques for microarray differential expression of miRNAs, practices for sample result normalization, and effect of HCV genotype variation on expression are all necessary. Microarray and miRNA isolation techniques should be selected based on ability to generate reproducible results in the sample type of interest. More direct comparisons of efficacy and reliability of various multiplex microarrays and an improved consensus around miRNA normalization and quantitation are necessary so that data can be compared across studies.     

Comparison of the efficacy of two human fibrinogen concentrates to treat dilutional coagulopathy in vitro

Both congenital and acquired fibrinogen deficiency can be safely treated with administration of fibrinogen concentrate.

The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a new fibrinogen product (Fibryga) compared to a licensed product (Haemocomplettan) in an in vitro model of dilutional coagulopathy.

Ten blood specimens from healthy volunteers were diluted 1:1 with balanced crystalloid solution and subsequently supplemented with each fibrinogen concentrate at a dose replicating in vivo supplementation (50?mg kg^?1). Changes in clot firmness (FIBTEM and EXTEM assay), as well as changes in the fibrinogen antigen level, fibrinogen activity, factor XIII level and fibronectin levels were assessed at baseline, after dilution and after adding fibrinogen concentrate.

There was no significant difference between the drugs in their in vitro ability to improve clot firmness in the FIBTEM assay (Fibryga: mean MCF 14.4?mm (SD 3.4?mm) vs. Haemocomplettan: MCF 14.1?mm (2.4); p?=?.584). Fibryga led to significantly higher clot firmness in EXTEM MCF: 56.7?mm (3.8) vs. 53.7?mm (3.7); p?p??1 (SD 0.002?g L^?1) vs. 0.002?g L^?1 (SD 0.002?g L^?1; p?This is the first study to demonstrate that Fibryga and Haemocomplettan have similar efficacy in improving clot firmness in a dilutional hypofibrinogenemia model in vitro.     

Integrating novel systemic therapies for the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome

Novel systemic therapies are generally prescribed to patients with advanced-stage disease or those with early-stage disease refractory to skin-directed therapies. In general, systemic chemotherapy should be reserved for patients who fail to respond to biological agents. Such biological agents include interferon alfa, bexarotene, histone deacetylase inhibitors (vorinostat, romidepsin), brentuximab vedotin and mogamulizumab. Extracorporeal photopheresis is particularly effective for patients with Sézary Syndrome. Allogeneic transplantation is becoming increasing used for younger patients. Novel agents in advanced development include the monoclonal antibody IPH4102,duvelisib,and the new modified formulation of denileukin diftitox. The choice of agents for patients is typically a balance of patient factors (age, co-morbidities, geographic location), relative efficacy and toxicity.     

血糖水平对肺结核合并糖尿病患者化疗效果的影响

目的探讨血糖水平对肺结核合并糖尿病患者化疗效果的影响。方法选取2012年9月至2014年6月本院收治的68例肺结核合并糖尿病患者作为观察组,并选择同期收治的36例单纯肺结核患者作为对照组,给予相同化疗方案,比较两组患者治疗后肺结核表现,痰菌阳性率及治疗后痰菌转阴率。观察组患者依据餐后2小时血糖控制情况分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,观察3组患者治疗后6个月血糖水平及病灶吸收情况。结果观察组患者X线胸片各表现所占比例及痰菌阳性率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后1、2、3、6个月观察组患者痰菌转阴率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。抗结核治疗6个月后,血糖水平控制与病灶吸收情况具有相关性(r=0.521,P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者病灶吸收率均显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论肺结核合并糖尿病患者血糖水平与抗结核疗效相关,对于肺结核合并糖尿病患者应加强血糖控制。     

不同时段血培养、粪便培养及痰培养检验结果阳性率分布情况比较

目的探讨和分析不同时段血培养、粪便培养及痰培养检验结果阳性率分布情况。方法回顾性分析2011年2月~2014年1月期间本院检验科接收的6300份血培养、粪便培养及痰培养标本,根据时间先后顺序将所有标本分为A、B、C三组。从第二时段开始对全院临床医生、护理人员及检验师进行微生物标本检验相关知识培训。比较不同时段不同微生物标本检验结果的阳性率。结果A组血培养及粪便培养阳性率显著低于B组和C组,而痰培养阳性率显著高于B组和C组;B组血培养及粪便培养阳性率显著低于C组,而痰培养阳性率显著高于C组。结论分析不同时段不同标本检验结果阳性率的分布情况,提高医务工作人员对微生物标本检验相关理论知识和操作技术的掌握,能够提高病原菌的检出率并降低杂菌的感染,为临床感染性疾病的诊断和治疗提供可靠依据。