雌激素对去卵巢大鼠基底前脑NOS及Nestin阳性神经元的影响

目的 观察雌激素替代对去卵巢大鼠基底前脑一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及巢蛋白(Nestin)阳性神经元的影响。方法 将28只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4个处理组:去势24 h雌激素替代组、去势2周雌激素替代组、去势植物油替代组及假手术组。用组织化学及免疫组织化学染色方法观察基底前脑的内侧隔核(MS)、斜角带垂直支(vDB)及水平支(hDB)的NOS和Nestin阳性神经元数的变化。结果 去势行植物油替代可使MS、vDB的NOS阳性神经元数明显下降(P<0.01);去势24 h或2周行雌激素替代均可使以上亚区的NOS阳性神经元数明显升高至正常水平(P<0.01)。去势行植物油替代或雌激素替代对hDB的:Nestin阳性神经元数的影响趋势与NOS阳性神经元的相似(P<0.01),但对MS及vDB的Nestin阳性神经元数影响不大(P>0.05)。结论 去卵巢行雌激素替代可选择性地使基底前脑不同亚区NOS、Nestin阳性神经元数升高,这可能与雌激素高调了NOS和Nestin的表达有关。     

Minimal and maximal incidence rates of skin cancer in Caucasians estimated by use of sigmoidal UV dose–incidence curves

BackgroundSigmoidal (S-shaped) dose–cancer incidence relationships are often observed in animal bioassays for carcinogenicity. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an established skin carcinogen. The aim of this study is to examine if S-shaped curves describe the relationship between solar UV doses and skin cancer incidences, and if such relationships can be used to estimate threshold levels of non-carcinogenic UV exposure, as well as maximal incidence rates.MethodsWe studied the incidence rate–annual erythema-effective UV dose relationship for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous melanoma (CM) among different Caucasian populations in Europe, Australia and New Zealand.ResultsOur analysis indicates that S-shaped associations describe the data well (P < 0.0001). The age-adjusted incidence rates for cases expected to be due to other causes than solar UV exposure (at zero UV dose) were found to be around 0.6, 9.7 and 4.0 per 100,000 for women in 1997–2007 for SCC, BCC and CM, respectively, and around 1.2, 14.3 and 2.6 per 100,000 for men. The analysis indicates that SCC, BCC and CM have maximal incidence of 361 ± 24, 1544 ± 49 and 36 ± 4 per 100,000 for women, and 592 ± 35, 2204 ± 109 and 50 ± 4 per 100,000 for men.ConclusionsBetween 89 and 95% of the annual CM cases, around 99.8% SCC and 99.4% BCC cases are caused by solar UV exposure. The analysis did not identify any “safe” UV dose below which the risk for skin cancer was absent. Avoidance of UV radiation has a potential to reduce the incidence of skin cancer in fair-skinned population.     

Starch digestibility modulation significantly improves glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic subjects: A pilot study

Background and aimsIn type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, the reduction of glycemic variability and postprandial glucose excursions is essential to limit diabetes complications, beyond HbA1c level. This study aimed at determining whether increasing the content of Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS) in T2D patients’ diet could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability compared with a conventional low-SDS diet.Methods and resultsFor this randomized cross-over pilot study, 8 subjects with T2D consumed a controlled diet for one week, containing starchy products high or low in SDS. Glycemic variability parameters were evaluated using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System.Glycemic variability was significantly lower during High-SDS diet compared to Low-SDS diet for MAGE (Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions, p < 0.01), SD (Standard Deviation, p < 0.05), and CV (Coefficient of Variation, p < 0.01). The TIR (Time In Range) [140–180 mg/dL[ was significantly higher during High-SDS diet (p < 0.0001) whereas TIRs ≥180 mg/dL were significantly lower during High-SDS diet. Post-meals tAUC (total Area Under the Curve) were significantly lower during High-SDS diet.ConclusionOne week of High-SDS Diet in T2D patients significantly improves glycemic variability and reduces postprandial glycemic excursions. Modulation of starch digestibility in the diet could be used as a simple nutritional tool in T2D patients to improve daily glycemic control.Registration numberin clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03289494.     

立体定向穿刺引流术治疗少量高血压脑出血临床分析

目的 探讨少量基底节高血压脑出血内科保守治疗与CT引导立体定向穿刺引流术预后疗效。方法 选取2011年5月至2014年6月收治的72例基底节高血压脑出血患者(出血量20~30 mL),分为保守治疗组和手术治疗组各36例,观察比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果 两组患者并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(11.4% vs 22.9%,P > 0.05),均无死亡病例。手术治疗组平均血肿消除时间(4.8±1.9)d明显短于保守治疗组(15.2±4.5)d,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);手术组住院时间(19.6±4.2)d明显短于保守组(23.3±5.3)d,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。治疗后2周、1个月、3个月的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分两组均明显低于治疗前,且手术组术后2周、1个月的NIHSS评分均明显低于保守组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05),但3个月后NIHSS评分比较,两组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论 立体定向穿刺引流术治疗少量基底节高血压脑出血,创伤小,可以缩短血肿消除时间、减少患者住院时间,促进神经功能早期恢复,临床疗效优于内科保守治疗。     

小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血51例临床疗效观察

目的研究小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血的临床效果,为临床高血压基底脑出血的治疗提供依据。方法对入院治疗的102例患者进行研究,随机分为二组,对照组采用常规骨瓣开颅手术,观察组采用小骨窗入路显微外科治疗,比较二组患者GCS评分、溃疡及癫的发生率,二组患者手术时间、血肿清除率以及术后再出血率,比较二组患者脑梗死、脑积液等并发症的发生率,并对二组患者日常生活能力进行评分比较。结果观察组患者术后24h GCS评分明显高于对照组,癫及溃疡的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者手术时间明显低于对照组,血肿清除率以及术后再出血率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者脑梗死、脑积液、肺部感染等并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者生活能力良好率为80.4%,明显高于对照组54.9%,二组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血临床效果显著,手术操作时间更短,患者并发症更少,患者恢复生活能力的良好率更高,值得临床推广应用。     

Bilateral optic disc pit with maculopathy in a patient with cleft lip and cleft palate

Optic disc pit (ODP) is small, gray-white, oval depression found at the optic nerve head. It is a congenital defect that occurs due to imperfect closure of superior edge of the embryonic fissure. Cleft lip and palate are also congenital midline abnormalities occurring due to defect in the fusion of frontonasal prominence, maxillary prominence and mandibular prominence. There is only one case report describing the occurrence of ODP in a young patient with cleft lip and palate who also had basal encephalocele. We describe a 52-year-old patient with congenital cleft lip and palate with bilateral ODP with maculopathy but without any other midline abnormality.     

额部入路锥颅血肿穿刺抽吸引流术治疗自发性基底核出血

目的探讨经额部入路锥颅血肿抽吸引流术治疗自发性基底核出血的临床疗效。方法选择自发性基底核出血患者154例,出血量均为50-80ml。按入院时间顺序,将患者随机分为额部入路组（79例）和颞部入路组（75例）。额部入路组经穿刺靶点定位后,采用经额部入路锥颅置管血肿抽吸引流术。颞部入路组采用传统颞部入路锥颅置管血肿抽吸引流术。比较两组术后7、14、30d的神经功能缺损评分（改良爱丁堡＋斯堪的那维亚评分标准）、残余血肿量以及脑疝、再出血、脑积水的发生率和死亡率。结果①术后7d复查头部CT,示额部入路组残余血肿平均体积明显低于颞部入路组（t=9.17,P〈0.01）;脑疝发生率及死亡率均低于颞部入路组,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.04;χ^2=4.53,均P〈0.05）;术后14及30d两组比较,神经功能缺损评分差异有统计学意义（t=9.48;t=16.81,均P〈0.05）;再出血、脑疝、脑积水、死亡率两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②术后30d内病例合并统计,额部入路组再出血、脑疝、脑积水发生率及死亡率分别为3.8%（3/79）、6.3%（5/79）、3.8%（3/79）、5.1%（4/79）;颞部入路组分别为16.0%（12/75）、18.7%（14/75）、5.3%（4/75）、21.3%（16/75）,除脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义外,其余差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论经额部入路锥颅血肿抽吸引流术疗效及安全性优于传统的颞部入路手术方式。