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101.
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103.
Iso H Imano H Kitamura A Sato S Naito Y Tanigawa T Ohira T Yamagishi K Iida M Shimamoto T 《Diabetologia》2004,47(12):2137-2144
Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and risk of ischaemic stroke in Asian populations.Methods We conducted a 17-year prospective cohort study in 10,582 Japanese individuals (4287 men and 6295 women) aged 40–69 years living in five communities in Japan. All subjects were free of stroke and CHD at baseline. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of 7.0 mmol/l, a non-fasting glucose of 11.1 mmol/l, or receiving medication for diabetes.Results The risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke was approximately two-fold higher in diabetic subjects than in subjects with normal glucose levels. The multivariate relative risk after adjustment for age, community, hypertensive status, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSF and SSF), and other known cardiovascular risk factors was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.2) for men and 2.2 (1.2–4.0) for women. This excess risk was primarily observed among non-hypertensive subjects and individuals with higher values for measures of adiposity (BMI, TSF and SSF values above the median), particularly those with higher values for SSF. The association between non-embolic ischaemic stroke and glucose abnormality was particularly strong among non-hypertensive subjects with higher SSF values: the multivariate relative risk was 1.9 (1.0–3.7) for borderline diabetes and 4.9 (2.5–9.5) for diabetes.Conclusions/interpretation In this cohort, type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor for non-embolic ischaemic stroke, particularly in non-hypertensive and non-lean individuals. Due to the nationwide decrease in blood pressure and increase in mean BMI among the Japanese population, with current levels approaching those observed in Western countries, the impact of glucose abnormalities on risk of ischaemic stroke represents a forthcoming public health issue in Japan. 相似文献
104.
M. Aslam A.A Siddiqui G. Sandeep S.V. Madhu 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(3):313-316
Aim
To find out the prevalence of obesity and glucose intolerance among nurses working in tertiary care hospital.Methods
Study was conducted in 496 apparently healthy females comprising two groups. Group B had 290 nurses and control group A had 206 age matched female subjects of general population. Detailed performa was filled which included anthropometry, systemic examination and other details. Fasting plasma glucose was done followed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Subjects with body mass index ≥23?kg/m2 were categorized as ‘overweight’ and ≥25?kg/m2 as ‘obese’ as per criteria for Asian Indians. Women with waist circumference of ≥80?cm were categorized as ‘centrally obese’.Results
Mean age of subjects in groups A and B was 40.45?±?8.64?years and 40.50?±?6.96?years respectively. Significantly higher number of nurses (80%) were overweight or obese compared to controls (59.71%,P?=?<?.001). Similarly, central obesity was significantly higher in nurses (82.07%) compared to controls (67.96%,P?=?<.001). The prevalence of glucose intolerance (prediabetes and newly detected diabetes) was significantly higher in controls compared to nurses (45.63% vs 29.66%, P?<?.001).Conclusion
Every four out of five nurses working in tertiary care hospital have overweight/obesity and central obesity. Despite this they have lower rates of glucose intolerance. 相似文献105.
目的探讨既往最大体重与2型糖尿病(T2DM)发病的关系,推论其与当前体重及胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法178例T2DM家系患病-非患病同胞,其中T2DM97例,正常糖耐量(NGT)81例,评价胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能,logistic回归分析既往最大体质指数(BMI)与T2DM的发病关系。结果两组既往最大BMI分别为27·6±3·8kg/m2和25·6±3·0kg/m2,差异有统计学意义(P=0·000);既往最大BMI与T2DM的发生呈正相关(OR=1·193,P=0·000);既往最大BMI与当前BMI显著正相关(P=0·000),T2DM组和NGT组的相关系数分别为0·861和0·867。随既往最大BMI的增加,血压、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数升高,胰岛素敏感性下降。结论既往最大BMI越大,T2DM发病危险性越大,当前体重也越大;超重或肥胖个体由于胰岛素敏感性下降导致T2DM发病的危险性增加。 相似文献
106.
《Annals of human biology》2013,40(3):280-285
Background: Excess body fat leads to obesity-related morbidity and population/ethnicity-specific cut-off values of anthropometric measures are useful for better diagnosis. This study assesses the suitability of newly-developed Sri Lankan anthropometric cut-off values in the diagnosis of obesity in Sri Lankan children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Colombo, Sri Lanka involving 5–15 year old children. Height, weight, waist (WC), and hip (HC) circumferences were measured. Total body fat (FM) was measured using whole body BIA. WHR and WHtR were calculated. Validity of anthropometric measures in detecting childhood obesity (Sri Lankan BMI/WC; IOTF, WHO, British and CDC BMI and British WC cut-off values) were evaluated. Results: Nine hundred and twenty children were assessed. FM showed significant associations with BMI (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), WC (r = 0.90, p < 0.001) and HC (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), but poor association with WHR (r = 0.17, p < 0.001). However, WHtR had a high association with FM (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and %FM (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Based on %FM cut-offs, 85 (22.8%) girls and 101 (18.5%) boys were obese. All international anthropometric cut-off values under-estimated obesity. Sri Lankan WC and BMI cut-off values over-estimated obesity. International BMI based cut-off values had high specificity (>99%) but a low sensitivity (~12–33%), while Sri Lankan BMI cut-off values had high sensitivity (>93.1) but low specificity (>79.7). Conclusions: Internationally available BMI cut-off values are poor in diagnosing obesity in Sri Lankan children. Newly developed Sri Lankan BMI cut-off values for children improved the diagnosis. WC can be used successfully as an alternative diagnostic tool of obesity. 相似文献
107.
《Annals of human biology》2013,40(6):747-751
Background: BMI or BMI% adjusted for age has been identified as the optimal measure of short-term adiposity change in kindergarten children aged 29–68 months. The optimal measure of annual adiposity change in older age children, however, has not been determined.Aim: To identify the optimal measure of annual adiposity change for Japanese children aged 6–12 years.Subjects and methods: A cohort of 669 Japanese children in one private school in Tokyo in whom height and weight were measured annually between 6 and 12 years. Each child's annual variability in adiposity was summarized by the standard deviation (SD) of BMI and BMI% adjusted for age, BMI z-score and BMI centile. The SDs were compared in overweight and non-overweight children and correlated with each child's baseline BMI z-score.Results: The within-child BMI, BMI% and BMI centile SDs were significantly different in overweight and non-overweight children, while the BMI z-score SDs were similar in the two groups. Furthermore, the within-child BMI, BMI% and BMI centile SDs were inversely correlated with baseline BMI z-score, whereas BMI z-score SDs were not, with the exception of measurements for grade 1–2 children.Conclusion: The BMI z-score is the optimal measure of annual adiposity change for elementary school children. 相似文献
108.
《Annals of human biology》2013,40(1):54-58
Background: The assessment of Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass indices provides valuable information about changes in body composition.Aim: To identify cut-off points for Fat Mass Index (FMI) to predict an upper limit of percentage body fat of men (25%) and women (30%) for defining obesity and its association with hypertension.Subjects and methods: A total of 436 men and 596 women were included in the study. Fat mass was calculated using skin-fold measurements. FMI cut-off points to predict an upper limit of percentage body fat of 25% (men) and 30% (women) for defining obesity were assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: ROC curve analysis indicated that the level of FMI was 6.59 kg/m2 in men and 6.64 kg/m2 in women at 25% and 30% body fat, respectively. Risk estimation for hypertension with FMI indicated high risk of hypertension in men (OR: 3.4, CI: 2.1–5.5) as well as in women (OR: 5.3, CI: 2.3–12.4).Conclusion: The level of FMI was 6.6 kg/m2 in men and women predicted at upper limits of 25% and 30% body fat, respectively, for defining obesity. 相似文献
109.
Abstract Measurements of obesity [body mass index (BMI)] and body fat distribution [waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] were analyzed in 284 51-year-old men in relation to items about social, mental, and physical well-being from the Göteborg Quality of Life Instrument. Overweight participants (BMI ≥ 25) reported a better home-family situation, appetite, and self-esteem, but decreased physical fitness and more pain in the legs compared with their leaner counterparts. Men with abdominal obesity (WHR ≥ 1.0) experienced impaired health and physical fitness and lower self-esteem compared with those with WHR < 1.0. The abdominally obese participants were more often exhausted and experienced depressive symptoms. Abdominal pain was more frequent among those with WHR ≥ 1.0. Overweight and abdominal obesity seem differently associated with social, mental, and physical well-being in men. Impaired quality of life may be causally related to the development of abdominal obesity; the mechanism involved might be increased cortisol secretion, which can redistribute body fat to central adipose tissue depots. 相似文献
110.
Wei Perng Jonggyu Baek Christina W. Zhou Alejandra Cantoral Maria Martha Tellez-Rojo Peter X. K. Song 《Annals of human biology》2013,40(5):386-394
Background: Early-life growth dynamics are associated with future health. Little is known regarding timing and magnitude of the infancy body mass index (BMI) peak with adiposity and metabolic biomarkers during adolescence.Aim: To examine associations of the infancy BMI peak with anthropometry and cardiometabolic risk during peripuberty.Methods: Among 163 ELEMENT participants, this study estimated age and magnitude of the infancy BMI peak from eight anthropometric measurements from birth–36?months using Newton’s Growth Models, an acceleration-based process model. Associations were examined of the infancy milestones with anthropometry and cardiometabolic risk at 8–14?years using linear regression models that accounted for maternal calcium supplementation and age; child’s birthweight, sex, and age; and the other infancy milestone.Results: Median age at the infancy BMI peak was 9.6?months, and median peak BMI was 16.5?kg/m2. Later age and larger magnitude of the peak predicted higher BMI z-score, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses; i.e. each 1?month of age at peak and each 1?kg/m2 of peak BMI corresponded with 0.04 (0.01–0.07) and 0.33 (0.17–0.48) units of higher BMI z-score, respectively. Later age at peak was also a determinant of worse glycaemia and higher blood pressure.Conclusion: Later age and larger magnitude of the infancy BMI peak are associated with higher adiposity at 8–14?years of age. Later age but not magnitude of the BMI peak are related to a worse cardiometabolic profile during peripuberty. 相似文献