新型冠状病毒肺炎与流感病毒肺炎临床特征对比研究

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)与流感病毒肺炎(IVP)病例临床表现、实验室指标和影像学特征之间的差异。方法 选取2020年1月20日～2月22日六安市人民医院确诊的COVID-19患者62例纳入COVID-19组,选取排除COVID-19且确诊为IVP患者31例纳入IVP组,比较分析两组患者的临床症状、体征、血常规、生化指标、炎症指标,以及肺部CT影像学病灶的性状、分布、累及的肺段数量等资料的差异。结果 COVID-19组患者中咳痰比例11.29% (7例),低于IVP组38.71%(12例);COVID-19组患者β-2微球蛋白>3.0 pg/mL比例为48.39%(30例),高于IVP组25.81%(8例),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。COVID-19组患者肺部CT影像病灶形态表现为磨玻璃影比例91.94%(57例),高于IVP组29.03%(9例),呈现片絮影比例1.61%(1例),低于IVP组74.19%(23例),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COVID-19组病灶分布多位于肺野外侧带、胸膜下,高于IVP组[56.45%(35例）比 9.68%(3例）],病灶散在分布表现高于IVP组[40.32%(25例) 比 9.68%(3例）];病灶呈双侧肺野分布比例82.26%(51例),高于IVP组35.48% (11例),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);COVID-19组病灶累及肺段数目≥10个比例为32.26%(20例),高于IVP组3.22%(1例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IVP表现咳痰较COVID-19多;COVID-19患者β-2微球蛋白升高更多;肺部CT影像多表现斑片磨玻璃影,病灶多呈双肺散在分布,多位于肺野外侧带(胸膜下),累及肺段较多,而IVP多表现密度稍高的片絮影,病灶多沿细支气管纹理分布,累及肺段相对较少。     

Two decades of pediatric celiac disease in a tertiary referral center: What has changed?

BackgroundCeliac disease (CD) is common worldwide with increasing prevalence and changing presentation.AimsTo evaluate changes in the presentation and management of CD over the last two decades.MethodsRetrospective chart review of pediatric patients with CD between 01.1999 to 12.2018 was performed. Comparisons were made between an early (1999 to 2008) and late (2009 to 2018) decade, regarding clinical and laboratory parameters at presentation and follow-up.ResultsIn a cohort of 932 patients (early decade n = 316, late decade n = 616), patients from the late decade presented with lower rates of weight loss and abdominal distention (24.2% vs 34.7% and 6% vs 11%, respectively p < 0.01), and with higher rates of abdominal pain or asymptomatic presentation (41.4% vs 27.4%, p < 0.01, and 18% vs 13%, p < 0.05, respectively). Good adherence to gluten-free diet was reported more often in the late decade (64% vs 50.6%, p < 0.001), and fewer patients were lost to follow-up. During the late decade, significantly higher rates of celiac serology normalization were achieved during the first two years of follow-up.ConclusionIn recent years, children with CD were diagnosed with milder symptoms, showed better adherence and demonstrated earlier normalization of celiac serology.     

The Influence of Depression,Anxiety and Somatization on the Clinical Symptoms and Treatment Response in Patients with Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

This is the first study to investigate the influence of depression, anxiety and somatization on the treatment response for lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). The LUTS/BPH patients were evaluated with the Korean versions of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the PHQ-15. The primary endpoint was a responder rate defined by the total score of IPSS (≤ 7) at the end of treatment. The LUTS/BPH severity was significantly higher in patients with depression (whole symptoms P = 0.024; storage sub-symptom P = 0.021) or somatization (P = 0.024) than in those without, while the quality of life (QOL) was significantly higher in patients with anxiety (P = 0.038) than in those without. Anxious patients showed significantly higher proportion of non-response (odds ratio [OR], 3.294, P = 0.022) than those without, while somatic patients had a trend toward having more non-responders (OR, 2.552, P = 0.067). Our exploratory results suggest that depression, anxiety and somatization may have some influences on the clinical manifestation of LUTS/BPH. Further, anxious patients had a lower response to treatment in patients with LUTS/BPH. Despite of limitations, the present study demonstrates that clinicians may need careful evaluation of psychiatric symptoms for proper management of patients with LUTS/BPH.

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Getting nervous about immunity

Twenty-five years ago, immunologists and neuroscientists had little science of mutual interest. This is no longer the case. Neuroscientists now know that the first formally defined cytokine, IL-1, activates a discrete population of hypothalamic neurons. This interaction leads to the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland, a hormone that has a long history in immunoregulation. Immunologists have been surprised to learn that lymphoid cells synthesize acetylcholine, the first formally recognized neurotransmitter. This neurotransmitter suppresses the synthesis of TNF. These discoveries blur the distinction of neuroscience and immunology as distinct disciplines. There are now 37 formally recognized cytokines and their receptors, and at least 60 classical neurotransmitters plus over 50 neuroactive peptides. These findings explain why both immunologists and neuroscientists are getting nervous about immunity and highlight a real need to apply integrative physiological approaches in biomedical research.     

622例急性肺栓塞患者的临床特点分析

目的:分析急性肺栓塞(Acute pulmonary embolism,APE)患者的临床特征、危险因素、心电图和实验室检查等特点,提高对这种常见的致死性疾病的诊断意识。方法:连续入选2007年1月至2013年12月,在我院经影像学方法诊断的急性肺栓塞患者622例,记录临床特征、危险因素、影像学及实验室检查结果。结果:患者平均年龄(66.4±17.4)岁,女性占54.0%。常见症状是呼吸困难、胸痛和咳嗽,分别占75.4%、37.5%、13.5%和96.1%的PE患者存在三种最常见的症状。常见呼吸急促、心动过速和深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的体征,分别占16.4%、16.1%和15.9%。常见的危险因素是既往深静脉血栓史[肺栓塞(PE)和/或DVT]、恶性肿瘤、外科手术和制动,分别占21.0%、11.3%、13.8%和14.0%。心电图异常的患者占42.9%,包括窦性心动过速、心房颤动、SIQIIITIII、右束支传导阻滞和胸前导联T波明显倒置,分别为15.1%、6.2%、14.3%、4.7%和22.2%。患者入院科室为呼吸科47.9%,心内科40.4%,血管外科5.1%,其他外科3.9%。21.2%的患者接受静脉溶栓,介入溶栓和外科取栓手术患者占10.3%;71.9%单纯抗凝治疗。患者院内死亡21例(3.4%)。结论:PE症状缺乏特异性,很容易与其他疾病误诊,尤其是心内科疾病。危险因素的识别、心电图和超声心动图的表现以及实验室检查结果有助于PE的诊断。     

Malaria infection in children in tropical rainforest: assessments by women of Ugbowo Community in Benin City,Nigeria

ObjectiveTo examine how mothers recognize malaria infection in children aged less than five and five years, frequency and duration of the infection in these children as well as measures used to reduce exposure of children to mosquito bites, and to discuss the possibilities of designing a strategy that involves mothers in management and control of malaria infection.MethodsThe data were originated from personal interviews which involved mothers in the Ugbowo Community in Benin City, Nigeria who were selected using multi-stage systemic random sampling technique. The data were analyzed qualitatively and by use of percentages, arithmetic mean and bar chart.ResultsThe results showed that all the interviewees believed that children got malaria infection along with fever or fever and other symptoms. Approximately 30% of interviewee recognized malaria infection through fever and cough while 1% by fever and vomiting. Approximately 72% of the interviewees claimed that their children had malaria infection every three months and 16% claimed that their children had the infection every month. Most of the interviewees reported that the length of time from recognition of malaria symptoms on their children to treatment was between one and three days. Most of the interviewees used insecticide treated bed nets to reduce their children's exposure to mosquito bites and few used mosquito repellent ointment.ConclusionsFor malaria management strategy to be effective and sustainable, it is important to empower women with more knowledge on detection of malaria symptoms and they should be involved in planning and designing the strategy.     

重度腺病毒肺炎儿童临床症状、血生化指标及影像学表现分析

目的分析重度腺病毒肺炎儿童临床症状、血生化指标及影像学表现。方法回顾性分析我院2012年7月-2018年3月收治的100例重症腺病毒肺炎患儿的入院记录、病例、影像学表现等资料,分析其特征。结果患儿入院时均伴不同程度发热、呼吸系统症状,其中39℃~41℃占比80.00%,呼吸系统症状中以咳嗽(96.00%)、呼吸气促(86.00%)为主;肺部可闻及湿罗音(89.00%)、哮鸣音(67.00%),部分兼并发生;并发症以呼吸系统(100.00%)、循环系统(64.00%)为主;C反应蛋白(CRP)及肌酸激酶混合同工酶(CK-MB)升高比重均高达60.00%;其次为白细胞计数(WBC)升高(52.00%);CT影像均提示肺实变,其中双肺受累80.00%,76.00%受累肺叶数≥3个,多呈向心性分布,以团簇状影最常见,实变部位均匀强化占比48.00%;另有28.00%检出淋巴结肿大,但大多强化均匀;71.00%患儿伴小气道改变,其中充气不均匀占比84.51%、其次为支气管壁增厚(61.97%)、支气管扩张(40.85%)、马赛克征(33.80%)。结论重度腺病毒肺炎儿童易累及肺外器官组织,并发症较多,应重视血生化指标检测,警惕CT小气道改变征像。     

Randomized controlled trial of aripiprazole versus risperidone for the treatment of amphetamine-induced psychosis

Background: Lifetime prevalence of amphetamine-induced psychotic disorder is reported as being up to 23% for methamphetamine (MA) abusers. Approximately 25% of those with a baseline DSM-IV diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis are diagnosed with primary psychosis at one-year follow-up. Evidence on the treatment of amphetamine psychosis is very limited. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of risperidone versus aripiprazole in treatment of amphetamine-induced psychotic symptoms. Methods: In a double-blind study, 45 participants were randomly allocated to either aripiprazole 15?mg or risperidone 4?mg daily over a six-week trial. Positive and negative symptoms of psychosis were assessed using the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) at baseline and completion of the trial. Results: SANS and SAPS scores decreased significantly in both groups. Mean SAPS score reduction in risperidone and aripiprazole group was 16.20 and 10.80, respectively, after trial course (p?p?=?0.08). Conclusions: Both aripiprazole and risperidone were effective for patients diagnosed with amphetamine-induced psychotic disorder. However, risperidone had the greater effect on positive psychotic symptoms while patients with negative symptoms may respond better to aripiprazole. There is a case for further studies evaluating the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in this disorder.