耐异烟肼和利福平结核病治疗药物不良反应的临床观察

目的了解在耐“异烟肼、利福平”结核病药物治疗过程中药物不良反应的发生情况。方法选取2010年我院收治的耐“异烟肼、利福平”结核病住院患者31例,采用6吡嗪酰胺、卷曲霉素（卡那霉素）、对氨基水杨酸钠、左氧氟沙星、丙硫异烟胺／18吡嗪酰胺、对氨基水杨酸钠、左氧氟沙星、丙硫异烟胺方案治疗,治疗过程中对药物不良反应发生时间、各器官系统影响进行临床观察并记录治疗过程中不良反应发生对性别、年龄、体重的分布情况。结果抗结核药物不良反应发生率为54．84％,不良反应症状以胃肠道最为严重,不良反应多出现在2个月内,甲状腺功能降低发生在3个月以后。不良反应发生男性多于女性,体重轻的多于体重重的,年龄大的多于年龄小的。结论目前所用抗结核药物不良反应常见,影响耐“异烟肼、利福平”结核病患者的治愈率,应积极研发作用强、不良反应低的新一代抗结核药物,控制耐“异烟肼、利福平”结核病的发展和蔓延。     

气管内滴药用于肺结核的治疗

对长期反复咯血或痰中带血、痰涂片抗酸阳性的肺结核患者３９例，在联合应用抗结核药物治疗基础上，１８例配合气管内滴药，并与另外２１例进行比较，结果有效率为９４．４４％，疗程７天～１４天；而对照组有效率为８０．９５％，疗程２０天～３０天。     

复方甘草酸单铵S治疗抗结核药肝损害疗效及不良反应分析

目的探讨注射用复方甘草酸单铵S治疗抗结核药肝损害的疗效及其不良反应。方法选取原肝功能正常、无肝病基础,在强化抗结核过程中出现肝功能损害的结核病患者78例,停用吡嗪酰胺后随机分成两组,每组39例。对照组给予还原型谷胱甘肽,治疗150 mg/d;观察组给予复方甘草酸单铵S治疗,120 mg/d,并分别在第1、2、3周后比较肝功能丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及监测血钾水平,观察有无水肿和高血压不良反应。结果两组强化抗结核后发现,肝功能损害的时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组保肝治疗前,肝功能指标ALT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗后第1、2、3周,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除第2～3周ALT下降,速率差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),余各时间段两组间ALT下降速度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组出现低血钾情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而出现水肿、高血压或原有高血压加重情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论注射用复方甘草酸单铵S对抗结核药肝功能损害疗效确切,在与还原型谷胱甘肽比较中显出一定的优势,但易出现低血钾、水钠潴留或高血压及原高血压加重等不良反应。     

我院2006～2009年抗结核药应用与耐药性分析

目的:了解我院结核菌耐药性的变化趋势,研究抗结核药的应用与结核菌耐药性的关系。方法:对我院2006～2009年抗结核药应用和结核菌耐药情况进行统计、分析。结果:除链霉素的用量逐年减少外,其它抗结核药的用量均逐年增加,用药频度排序无较大变化。链霉素、异烟肼、利福平的耐药率较高,除环丙沙星的耐药率明显降低外,其它抗结核药的耐药率无显著变化,不同耐药情况所占比例也无显著变化。结论:规范化的治疗可减缓结核菌耐药性的发生。     

Discovery of Tetrahydropyrazolopyrimidine Carboxamide Derivatives As Potent and Orally Active Antitubercular Agents

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抗结核药物引起的肝损害已成为药物性肝炎最常见的因为之一,是结核患者停止化疗的主要因为.因此,减少抗结核药物所致的肝损害已成为结核化疗成败的关键因素.本文总结了目前国内外植物有效成分防治抗结核药致肝损害的研究情况,希望有助于该类药物在临床应用.