Evaluation of renal first pass blood flow with a functional image technique in hypertensive patients

The renal circulation of patients with essential hypertension and renovascular hypertension was evaluated using ^99mTc-DTPA. The first renal peak count (the first C_max; FC_max), time phase distribution (the first T_max; FT_max), and blood velocity (the FC_max/FT_max) were calculated by digital imaging. This yields a visual image of the renal circulation. We consider that the increase in the renal first pass blood flow in patients with essential hypertension is best observed pixel by pixel. The FC_max and FC_max/FT_max images before and after treatment by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in patients with renovascular hypertension clearly show its therapeutic effect. The FI technique, therefore, has the advantage that it can be performed at the same time as the conventional routine examinations of renal function. This makes it very useful clinically.     

Role of technetium-99m planar bone scanning in the evaluation of low back pain

The records of 1018 patients with low back pain in a tertiary spine referral practice were reviewed. One hundred thirty-nine out of 1018 (13.6%) underwent technetium-99m planar bone scanning as part of their investigation. Seventy-three out of 139 scans (52%) showed increased uptake in some area, but only 27 out of 139 (19.4%) showed increased uptake specifically in the low back. Scans consistently yielded no findings with reference to the back when the prescan diagnosis was spinal stenosis, lumbar pain syndrome, herniated nucleus pulposus, or postlaminectomy syndrome. Some scans gave positive findings in patients with a diagnosis of degenerative disc disease, pseudarthrosis, spondylolisthesis, fracture, infection, metabolic disorder, or tumor. Positive scans were generally obtained early after presentation (within 3 months) and negative scans obtained later (after 6 months), suggesting that clinical suspicion is still the main indication for early scanning. Planar bone scanning was helpful in both diagnosis and therapeutic decisionmaking in many conditions.     

99Tcm直接法标记血管抑素

目的: 探索用99Tcm直接标记血管抑素(angiostatin, AS)的方法,并研究标记产物的体外稳定性及其生物活性. 方法:制备的AS经鉴定后,分别用2-巯基乙醇(2-ME)和氯化亚锡(SnCl2)还原法进行标记,并用正交设计筛选最佳合成条件;对标记产物用纸层析法及Sephadex G-50层析柱分离测标记率;产物中分别加入牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、生理盐水及不同摩尔比的半胱氨酸(Cys)以观察其体外稳定性;用人脐静脉内皮细胞系ECV304观察其生物活性. 结果:2-ME法最佳标记条件为AS 100 μg,PB(0.5 mol*L-1, pH 7.3) 1 mL, 2-ME 100 μg, 亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)(用1 mL生理盐水溶解) 10 μL,加入99TcmO4- 185 MBq,标记率可达(97.0±1.5)%; SnCl2法为AS 100 μg,硼酸缓冲液(0.1 mol*L-1, pH 9.0) 1 mL, 20 g*L-1 SnCl2 (1 mol*L-1盐酸作为溶剂) 20 μL加入MDP药盒,用去氧水稀释至1 mL, 取20 μL,加入99TcmO4- 185 MBq,标记率可达(90.0±3.0)%. 产物在体外稳定;细胞培养观察其抑制内皮细胞生物活性与AS无显著差异. 结论:用99Tcm直接法标记AS简单高效,且对AS生物活性无明显影响.     

Determination of the mean transit time for the transport of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA across the pulmonary epithelial membrane. A plasma sample method

Summary. During the last decade it has been customary to estimate pulmonary epithelial permeability (P-P) as the pulmonary clearance of inhaled nebulized ^99mTc-DTPA from a time-activity (t-a) curve registered externally by monitoring over the chest. The t-a curve, however, is not defined by the degree of P-P alone but also by factors such as the deposition of the ^99mTc-DTPA in the lungs. To avoid these problems a plasma sample method was derived. It describes P-P by the mean transit time (t?) for the transport of ^99mTc-DTPA across the pulmonary epithelial membrane, t? (L). The calculation of t? (L) involves two steps. Following the inhalation of Tc-DTPA the plasma t-a curve is defined and used to calculate t? for the transport for ^99mTc-DTPA across the pulmonary epithelial membrane, through the E?V and until elimination by the kidneys, t? (L+ECV). Subsequently, ^99mTc-DTPA is injected as a bolus i.v. and the new t-a curve is used to calculate t? for the transport of ^99mTc-DTPA through ECV to the kidneys, t? (ECV). Finally t? (L) is calculated as t? (L) = -t? (L+ECV) t? (ECV). We applied the method in nine non-smoking individuals (median age 25–5 years, range 20–28) and compared the results to t? as calculated from the initial slope of an externally derived t-a curve. The individual t? (L) values were systematically greater than those of the external detection method (P<0·05). It is concluded that the initial slope method overestimates total PCI as measured by the plasma sample method. When choosing between the two methods, special interest should be paid to the inherent problems of the methods.     

Review of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of breast cancer: a new role of prone scintimammography using technetium-99m sestamibi

Imaging techniques currently used for the diagnosis of breast cancer are reviewed and compared. Besides mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and thallium-201 scintimammography, a new role of technetium-99m sestamibi scintimammography is discussed. It is concluded that while mammography remains the procedure of choice in screening asymptomatic women for breast cancer, other imaging methods play an important role in detecting malignancies in symptomatic patients.^99mTc-sestamibi scintimammography has high sensitivity and improves the specificity of conventional mammography for the detection of breast cancer; with this technique, prone imaging is preferable to supine imaging.^99mTc-sestamibi scintimammography thus deserves further study as a screening technique.     

~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像监测蒽环类药物的心脏毒性

目的 :探讨99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像在蒽环类药物心脏毒性监测中的价值。方法 :2 3例接受蒽环类药物治疗的患者 ,在治疗前进行心电图、心肌酶学检查、核素心室造影测左室射血分数 (LVEF)和99mTc MIBI心肌灌注断层显像并计算相对定量值。并于每一周期治疗后重复上述检查。结果 :蒽环类药物治疗一周期后 ,2 3例患者心肌相对定量值明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。其中 11例吡喃阿霉素、6例表阿霉素和 6例米托蒽醌治疗的患者 ,心肌相对定量值明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,心电图和心肌酶学无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。蒽环类药物治疗多周期后的 10例患者心肌相对定量值较治疗前下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。 9例患者的心肌相对定量值 (最大累积剂量为 2 0 0mg/m2 )与一周期后无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。10例患者治疗前及多周期治疗后LVEF均 >6 0 %,且化疗前后无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :99mTC MIBI心肌灌注断层显像能监测蒽环类药物所致的心肌损害 ,且较左室射血分数敏感 ,比心电图和心肌酶学检查优越 ,有利于指导蒽环类药物的临床应用。     

99mTc-depreotide生长抑素受体显像的临床应用研究

生长抑素受体显像近年来研究较多，depreotide已成为其研究热点之一。Depreotide在诊断与鉴别诊断临床常见的孤立性肺结节方面有其独特优势；此外，^99mTc—depreotide生长抑素受体显像在乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、淋巴瘤等肿瘤及甲状腺相关性眼病等非肿瘤性疾病也有一定应用前景。     

Quantitative Analysis of the Tomographic Technetium－99m MIBI （~（99m）Tc－MIBI） Myocardial Bullseye Display： Application to Diag

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Localization of parathyroid enlargement: experience with technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile and thallium-201 scintigraphy,ultrasonography and computed tomography

Technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI), like thallium-201, has recently been introduced as a myocardial perfusion agent and is now also showing very promising results in parathyroid scintigrapy. The results of ²⁰¹Tl/^99mTc-pertechnetate and ^99mTc-MIBI/^99mTc-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy, ultrasonography and computed tomography are presented in a series of 43 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism. All four imaging modalities were confirmed to be reliable, scintigraphy being the most accurate. Sensitivities ranged from 81% to 95%, that of ^99mTc-MIBI being the highest. Moreover this tracer, which has more favourable physical and also biochemical properties, yielded images of superior quality. This allowed localization of the lesion by visual inspection only in as many as 86% of the patients with positive ^99mTc-MIBI/^99mTc-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy. We believe that the higher sensitivity, superior image quality and lower cost of ^99mTc-MIBI imaging will make ^99mTc-MIBI the new radiopharmaceutical of choice for parathyroid scintigraphy (when one takes into account the stability of labelling with large activities it is possible to perform three or four cardiac studies together with one parathyroid scintigraphic examination using one lyophililzed vial).     

Structural modification of receptor-binding technetium-99m complexes in order to improve brain uptake

Low brain uptake is a generally accepted problem in developing technetium-99m brain receptor imaging agents. For a class of potential 5-HT_2A receptorbinding agents we tried to improve the original low brain uptake of 0.4% injected dose (ID) in rats 5 min p.i. by modifying the lipophilic properties of the molecules. Because of the presence of a protonable nitrogen, which according to the pK _a value leads to ionization of the molecule at blood pH, the pK _a value was considered to be the parameter most suitable for adjustment of lipophilicity. Insertion of ether-oxygen in the molecule of five candidates lowers the apparent pK _a value from 10.0 to 8.3 and dramatically increases the brain uptake to 1.3% ID at 5 min. The direct relationship between brain uptake and apparent pK _a cannot be simply explained by the increase in the pK _a-governed proportion of the neutral species.