记忆合金固定器节段内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂的实验研究

目的：对自行研制的腰椎峡部裂单节段固定器械———节段记忆合金固定器（ＩＭＡＦ） 进行生物力学评价。方法：根据３０ 具成人干燥脊柱标本椎体测量结果,以镍钛合金为材料,设计ＩＭＡＦ;然后采用８ 具成人新鲜腰椎标本为实验材料,通过脊柱三维运动实验机,比较Ｂｕｃｋ 氏螺钉固定法、横突棘突钢丝捆绑法、钩螺钉固定法及ＩＭＡＦ 对峡部裂腰椎的固定作用。结果：４ 种方法均能显著地恢复脊柱的稳定性,且四者之间无显著性差别。结论：ＩＭＡＦ 是一种简便易行、固定可靠的新型节段内固定方法。     

关节突旁节段性开窗治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 为使脊柱后部结构得到较大程度保留,又达到减压目的,作者用关节突旁节段性开窗治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者２６例。方法 于确定的狭窄节段一侧或二侧,切除关节突的内侧半。肥厚的黄韧带及邻近部分椎板。清除所有导致神经受压的因素。但保留棘突,棘间韧带、大部分关节突及椎板。结果 ２３例获得６月至６年９个月随访（平均２年３个月）。手术优良率达９１．３％。无一例加重和发生椎体滑脱。结论 对于治疗以侧隐窝狭窄为     

下颈椎屈伸运动节律的实验研究

目的：观察和测量下颈椎节段屈伸运动节律。方法：采用５具新鲜成人男性尸体的颈椎标本,动态Ｘ线摄片,测量各屈伸状态各节段的屈伸角度。结果：Ｃ４～５,Ｃ５～６活动范围最大,屈伸运动节律也最大,而且在半屈—中立—半伸范围内的活动度较半屈—全屈和半伸—全伸的活动度大。结论：颈椎病变动态Ｘ线摄片中,可根据各节段尤其是Ｃ４～５、Ｃ５～６节段的屈伸运动节律是否正常作为一诊断参考依据     

局部麻醉在颈椎后路手术中的应用价值

目的：针对颈后路手术中的各种麻醉方法,并发症,探讨局麻在颈后路手术中的应用价值。方法：回顾分析了局麻下行颈后路手术病例５８例。结果：通过对５８例病人的术中局部麻醉观察,优：５２例,良：５例,优良率９８３％,无严重并发症。结论：局麻下行颈后路手术,病人保持清醒,并发症较少,可尽最大可能避免脊髓、神经根损伤,且简便易行,是一种理想的麻醉方法。     

Surgically Controlled, Transpedicular Methyl Methacrylate Vertebroplasty with Fluoroscopic Guidance

Summary  The authors report a series of 13 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures treated by transpedicular vertebroplasty. Because of a neurological complication due to posterior leakage of acrylic cement the classical percutaneous approach was converted to an open surgical procedure. The latter allows direct visual control of neural structures and immediate removal of spilled cement, thus eliminating the danger of compressive, chemical and thermal effects of methyl methacrylate on neural elements.  By use of this elegant technique primary stability of fractured vertebras is obtained leading to prompt pain relief in all patients. Surgically controlled vertebroplasty can be used in conjunction with internal fixation. By having studied the different ways of cement escape in their patients, the authors are convinced that surgically controlled vertebroplasty is safer than percutaneous vertebroplasty.     

Surgical correction of lumbar scoliosis: a comparison of different techniques. Results

Summary Vertebral rotation is at the basis of structural scoliosis. Its measurement gives the possibility to evaluate the surgical correction. Three groups of five lumbar scolioses (means angle 45°) were treated with rotation of the convex rod (group 1), bending in situ (group 2) and bending associated with rotation of the convex screws (group 3). Cobb angle improvement was the same with the three techniques. The Vertebral Rotational Angle (VRA) and the most suitable Intervertebral Rotational Angle (IRA) were used for this study. IRA (difference of rotation between two consecutive vertebrae) stays the same whatever the reference axis and VRA depends on conditions of measurement. IRA is improved of 15% in group 1, 35% in group 2 and 54% in group 3.In situ bending associated with the rotation of the convex screws is a good method for correcting the torsion of the scoliotic lumbar spine.     

Occult fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine

Summary Occult injuries of the cervical spine in certain patients may lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis and treatment. The authors present a patient with an occult cervical spinal fracture-dislocation and review the literature. A 37 year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. At his admission, the patient was alert and denied any pain in the cervical region, as well as neurologic symptoms. Physical examination revealed painless range of motion of his neck and no sensory or motor deficits. Plain radiographs of the cervical spine showed unilateral dislocation of C₄ on C₅ vertebra with fracture of the left facet of C₅ vertebra. Computed tomography scanning showed no neural compression. Operative reduction, stabilization and arthrodesis of the spine were advised, but the patient refused operative treatment. One year after his initial injury, the patient presented with torticollis and no neurologic symptoms.     

Management of cervical spine injury

Field assessment, neck immobilization, oxygenation and maintenance of the airway occur in suspected cervical-spine-injured patients before transport to a regional spinal cord injury centre. After cervical spine radiography, bony alignment of the spinal column is re-established and mean blood pressure is maintained at 80–90mmHg with fluids and, if necessary, inotropic support. Predetermined guidelines are used for intubation and ventilation and for invasive monitoring of patients in spinal shock. Fluid challenge is used to assess reserve cardiac function and the need for fluid infusion, restriction or inotropic support. Evoked potential monitoring provides a non-invasive, objective and sensitive method to assess neuroconduction through a spinal cord injury and may be used to replace a wake-up test intraoperatively. There are no randomized prospective studies showing that surgical decompression and/or internal stabilization improves outcome compared with non-surgical treatment of acute cervical spine injury. Respiratory failure is managed by long-term ventilator support, diaphragm pacing or use of glossopharyngeal breathing. Chest physiotherapy is helpful in reducing the occurrence of atelectasis and pneumonia. Hyperreflexic syndromes during surgery are avoided with adequate anaesthesia during stimulation. An area with a population near one million should designate a regional spinal cord injury centre. Such centres decrease the proportion of patients with complete neurological injury.     

腰椎间盘突出症的介入性治疗

目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出症的介入性治疗方法。评价其临床价值。材料和方法：对38例（46个椎间盘）腰椎间盘突出症患采用电动式经皮腰椎间盘切吸治疗。结果：穿刺成功率100%，治愈率93.68%，总有效率100%，且无严重并发症。结论：经皮穿刺切割椎间盘治疗腰椎间盘突出症是一种安全、有效的介入疗法。     

Zervikale Belastung während des Sicherns – der Einfluss verschiedener Sicherungstechniken auf die Mobilität der Halswirbelsäule

BackgroundAlways carefully watching the climber, the belayer has to keep a position for a long time, which is damaging to the cervical spine. This often causes stiffness in the neck, which leads to cervical restrictions of motion. 3 types of belaying, the habitual belaying, the “CU glasses” and the “coordinated head position”, have been examined relating to their ability to avoid muscular tensions.Materials and methodsThe mobility of the cervical spine of 30 male and female climbers has been measured with an inclinometer immediately before and after defined belaying of 10 min. The subjects have been distributed to the 3 types of belaying at random. Additional the subjects had to answer questions concerning their personal feelings and a pain-rating-scale.ResultsWithin the group with habitual belaying, significant limitations in the mobility of the cervical spine in each direction could be determined, connected with strong pain after defined belaying. While using the “CU glasses” or “coordinated head posture”, no restrictions in movement (for each direction p>.05) has been noticed. Subjects that belayed with the “coordinated head posture” complained about backache because of the unfamiliar, active posture.ConclusionsDepending on the actual climbing-situation, the belayer should use either the „CU glasses“ or the „coordinated head posture“, in order to avoid muscular tension in the neck.Level of evidenceIIa