核潜艇艇员的血液流变学检测指标分析

目的检测并分析核潜艇艇员的血液流变学指标。方法将入院疗养的核潜艇艇员30例作为试验组;对照组为本院的健康体检者36例,检测两组人员的10个血液流变学指标,即:血液黏度,红细胞比容,全血还原黏度,血浆黏度,纤维蛋白原,红细胞刚性指数,红细胞变形系数,血细胞聚集系数,微循环滞留时间,血栓形成系数。结果试验组的红细胞比容(0.493±0.024)L/L与对照组的(0.471±0.028)L/L比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.416,P<0.01);试验组的全血还原黏度(7.44±0.595)m Pa/s与对照组的(7.09±0.029)m Pa/s比较,差异有显著统计学意义(t=2.768,P<0.01);试验组的红细胞刚性指数(4.156±0.648)高于对照组的(3.86±0.42),差异有统计学意义(t=2.251,P<0.05);试验组的血液黏度高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组的其他指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论核潜艇艇员长期在特殊环境中工作,可因各种因素促使他们的部分血液流变学指标发生改变。     

医院工作人员鼻腔分离葡萄球菌性状及耐药性分析

目的：探讨医护人员与非医院正常人群中葡萄球菌的带菌状况及耐药性。方法：从221名医护人员和228名非医院正常人群鼻腔取材,应用高盐肉汤和高盐甘露醇平板结合,检测葡萄球菌带菌状况及对11种抗生素耐药性。结果：医护人员检出的各种葡萄球菌180株,总带菌率为81.4%,非医院正常人群检出84株,总带茵率为36.8%,非医院正常人群检出的葡萄球菌对11种抗生素耐药率明显低于医护人员。结论：医护人员鼻腔分离的葡萄球菌与非医院正常人群比较,其带菌率、耐药性均有明显不同。     

一种超声检查床的制作

目的介绍一种超声检查床,可根据具体检查部位随意移动病人位置,并在任意位置固定。方法采用两层床面,分别受控横向移动装置和纵向移动装置。利用齿轮与锥尖的分开和接触来控制床面的移动和固定。结论本制作采用纯机械传动,避免漏电对患者的潜在危险。横向和纵向自由移动床面,并在任意位置固定,极大地减轻操作人员的工作强度,具有较高的实用价值。     

Cosmic radiation exposure and cancer risk among flight crew

Nearly 20 epidemiologic or related studies of cancer incidence and mortality have been published during or since 2000, with several reporting increased risks of female breast cancer among flight attendants and melanoma among both pilots and cabin crew. Occasionally, excesses of other cancers have been observed, but not consistently. Although the real causes of these excess cancer risks are not known, there is concern that they may be related to occupational exposures to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin. It is possible that confounding risk factors may partially or totally explain the observed relationships, but several investigations are beginning to address lack of past adjustment for reproductive factors and sun exposure with improved study designs. With progress in aviation technology, planes will fly longer and at higher altitudes, and presumably the number of flights and passengers will increase. To respond responsibly to the real and perceived risks associated with flying, more extensive data are needed, but special efforts should be considered to ensure new projects can genuinely add to our current knowledge.     

Urinary cotinine concentration in flight attendants, in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during intercontinental flights

Objectives: To measure and compare the urinary cotinine concentration (U-cotinine) in non-smoking cabin attendants (C/A) working with the Scandinavian Airlines System, before and after work on intercontinental flights with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Methods: The study material consisted of 24 cabin attendants and one pilot, all volunteers and all without exposure to ETS in the home, working on 15 intercontinental flights. Information on age, gender and occupation was gathered, as well as possible sources of ETS exposure in other places, outside work and during previous flights, during a 3-day period prior to the investigation. Urine samples were taken before departure and after landing, on board, and were kept frozen (−20 °C) until analysis. Cotinine was analyzed by a previously developed gas chromatographic method, using mass spectrometry (MS) with selected-ion monitoring (SIM). The difference in U-cotinine before and after the flight was compared. Moreover, the change in U-cotinine during the flight was related to occupation (work in the forward or aft galley) and observed degree of smoking during each flight. Results: The median U-cotinine was 3.71 μg/g crea; 2.4 μg/l (unadjusted) (interquartile range 2.08–8.67 μg/g crea) before departure, and 6.37 μg/g crea; 7.1 μg/l (interquartile range 3.98–19 μg/g crea) after landing, a significant difference (P < 0.003). C/A in the aft galley had a significantly higher concentration of U-cotinine after landing than subjects working in the front of the aircraft (P=0.01). In C/A working in the aft galley, the median increase of U-cotinine was 3.67 μg/g crea; 3.2 μg/l (interquartile range 0.04–13.8 μg/g crea) during flight. In contrast, those seven subjects working in the forward part of the aircraft had no increase in U-cotinine during the flight (median increase 0.97 μg/g crea; 0.5 μg/l interquartile range 0.27–2.65 μg/g crea). Conclusion: Tobacco smoking in commercial aircraft may cause significant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among C/A working in the aft galley, despite high air exchange rates and spatial separation between smokers and non-smokers. This agrees with earlier studies, as well as measurements on the aircraft, showing a higher degree of ETS-related air pollution in the aft galley than in the forward galley. The average cotinine concentration in urine was similar to that in other groups with occupational exposure to ETS, e.g., restaurant staff, police interrogators and office workers. Since smoking in commercial aircraft may result in an involuntary exposure to ETS among non-smokers, it should be avoided. Received: 1 February 1999 / Accepted: 29 May 1999     

核潜艇艇员个性心理特征分析

了解核潜艇艇员的个性特点,因材施教为部队核潜艇艇员的选拔工作下基础。方法：对１４５名核潜艇艇员进行了１６ＰＦ量表的测试,用ＳＰＳＳ６．０软件包进行统计分析。结果：潜艇艇员这一特殊人群与成人及大学生在个性特征的许多方面存在明显差异,表明潜艇航船 以下明显的特征;外向,热情、思维敏捷;好强因执。活拔,愉快,主有感情;冒险敢为,激进,缺乏耐心;心神不定,着重现实,依赖随和,有自信心,附和,以取得别人的好     

透视及导航下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术的临床应用经验

目的　报告使用透视下及无线主动式红外诱导计算机导航引导下进行颈椎椎弓根钉固定手术的经验 ,分析手术成功的要素。方法　自 2 0 0 1年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 12月共行颈椎椎弓根螺钉 -AXIS钛板内固定 2 9例 ,男性 18例 ,女性 11例。年龄 2 6岁～ 76岁 ,平均年龄 4 9.4岁。使用C形臂X线透视下螺钉置入 2 5例 ,无线主动式红外诱导计算机导航下椎弓根内固定 4例。共置入椎弓根螺钉 174枚。结果　 174枚螺钉中有 15 5枚 (89% )位置正确。 19枚螺钉存在不同程度的偏差 ,均为内倾不够 ,1例出现一过性神经根合并症。计算机导航置入螺钉 2 4枚 ,位置正确率 10 0 %。术前颈椎后凸者固定节段曲度平均- 12 .1°术后平均 - 0 .6° ,明显得到纠正。术后 3个月和 6个月的随诊 ,颈椎曲度和固定节段椎体高度均维持 ,没有出现内固定物松动 ,螺钉断裂等情况。结论　颈椎椎弓根钉固定手术是颈椎获得牢固固定的方法 ,为颈椎后路手术提供了更广的操作空间 ,免去部分同时前路手术的需要 ,而且可以用于颈椎后凸的矫正。但是结构的复杂性和变异性及周围的神经血管使手术难度加大 ,在透视下可以比较安全地置入螺钉 ,更好的方法是使用计算机导航技术。这一技术具有良好的临床应用前景。     

胃癌及结肠癌术后早期肠内营养的临床应用

 目的 评价肠内营养（EN）对胃癌、结肠癌术后免疫功能及炎症反应的影响。方法 将58例行胃、结肠癌根治术后患者随机分为EN组和完全胃肠外营养（TPN）组，EN组于术后24 h开始将肠内营养混悬液（商品名：能全力）经鼻肠管滴入至患者能进流食。TPN组于术后进行TPN，肠蠕动完全恢复后开始进食。分别于术前第1天，术后第3、8天检测外周血IgA、IgG、IgM、C3、C4、CRP、淋巴细胞计数（LYM）、淋巴细胞（LYM）百分比、总蛋白（TP）、清蛋白（ALB）、前清蛋白（PA）。结果 术后第8天较术后第3天（除CRP外）EN组上述指标回升幅度[（0.926±0.468）g／L、（6.011±3.179）g／L、（0.754±0.465）g／L、（1.178±0.581）×109／L、（18.685±14.331）%、（63.875±32.436）mg／L]高于PN组[（0.081±0.527）g／L、（0.440±3.363）g／L、（0.093±0.449）g／L、（0.293±0.176）×109／L、（4.443±5.724）%、（34.571±31.701）mg／L]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；EN组CRP明显降低，对照组未降低，两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 胃、结肠癌患者术后早期接受EN较TPN支持能较好地提高患者免疫功能，降低炎症反应。     

两栖装甲车乘员海上作业重要能力需求研究

目的研究两栖装甲车乘员海上作业所需要的重要能力,为部队制定针对性的训练计划及选兵标准提供依据。方法采用海上作业重要能力需求量表,以某部两栖装甲车212名官兵(包括车长、炮长、驾驶员和二炮手)为对象,调查海上作业时这些乘员能力的需求,并利用排队理论分析和确定乘员成功地完成海上作战任务所应具备的重要能力。结果(1)两栖装甲车车长所需重要能力依次为：团队协作、自信、口语表达、记忆力、快速决策等;炮长依次为：控制精确、反应时间、团队协作、动手灵巧性、自信等;驾驶员依次为：团队协作、自信、控制精确、解决问题、快速决策等;二炮手依次是：团队协作、记忆力、耐力、自信、反应时间等。(2)综合评价乘员应具备的重要能力依次为：团队协作、自信、控制精确、反应时间、记忆力等。结论(1)两栖装甲车乘员承担任务不同,需求的重要能力存在差异。(2)团队协作、自信、控制精确、反应时间、记忆力是两栖装甲车乘员应具备的重要能力。研究结果为部队制定针对性训练方案和选拔合格的乘员提供了科学依据。     

日本《疲劳自觉症状调查表》在潜艇部队的适用性研究

目的 调查并分析常规潜艇艇员长航疲劳状况,研究日本<疲劳自觉症状调查表>在军队的适用性.方法 于长航前1d、航行期间每隔3d和长航后1d采用<疲劳自觉症状调查表>对艇员疲劳状况进行调查.结果 不同时间进行的调查显示,3个因子中困倦感因子得分最高,上升趋势最明显,其中长航后1d、长航第18 d的困倦感因子得分明显高于长航...