Short-and Long-term Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy for Late-life Depression: A Pilot Study

Background : Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often administered among the elderly, who are particularly likely to have concurrent medical conditions and medication intolerance. Objective : To examine the short‐and long‐term efficacy of ECT for late‐life depression, we performed a two‐phase, prospective, naturalistic follow‐up study that compared treatment outcome in old‐aged with that in middle‐aged subjects. Methods : Phase I study: Twenty‐one subjects who were consecutively referred for ECT, aged at least 50 years, and met the DSM‐IV criteria for a major depressive episode were enrolled. Before ECT, severity of concurrent medical conditions was assessed with the cumulative illness rating scale (CIRS). Before and after a course of ECT, the severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated with the 17‐item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D). Phase II study: Seventeen subjects who responded to an acute ECT course in the phase I study were enrolled. Various continuation medications were administered, and symptoms were monitored and evaluated with the HAM‐D for 24 weeks or until relapse. Results : Overall the subjects had an 81 % short‐term response rate and a 47% relapse rate within 24 weeks after ECT. Response and relapse rates were not significantly different between the middle‐and old‐aged groups (response rates: 91% vs. 70%; relapse rates: 40% vs. 57%). However, the old‐aged patients had higher post‐ECT HAM‐D scores than the middle‐aged patients did (P<0.05), and CIRS scores positively correlated with post‐ECT HAM‐D scores (P<0.05). Relapsers tended to have higher CIRS scores than non‐relapsers did (P=0.06). Conclusion : In late‐life depression, the short‐term response rate to ECT is considerably good, but the relapse rate was relatively high. Clinicians need to take into consideration the age of patient and any concurrent medical conditions, when planning long‐term management of residual depressive symptoms and prevention of relapse after an initial good response to ECT.     

Use of the GTP��S ([35S]GTP��S and Eu-GTP��S) binding assay for analysis of ligand potency and efficacy at G protein-coupled receptors

In this review I consider assays for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity based on the binding of labelled analogues of GTPγS ([³⁵S]GTPγS or Eu-GTPγS) to G proteins in tissues (GTPγS binding assays). Such assays provide convenient measures of GPCR activity close to the receptor in the signalling cascade. In order to set up a GTPγS binding assay, the requirements of the assay must be considered. These are tissue source, GTPγS analogue, G protein, GDP, Mg²⁺/Na⁺ ions, saponin, incubation time. The assay, once optimized, can be used to generate concentration/response curves for GPCRs signalling via G_i/o proteins (or to other G proteins with a modified assay) and actions of agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists may, in principle, be assessed. For agonists and inverse agonists, data for the maximal agonist effect, the concentration of ligand giving a half-maximal response and the Hill coefficient may be derived. For antagonists, data for the equilibrium dissociation constant can be obtained. The mechanistic basis of the assay is considered. Although the assay can be used to profile ligands, under the conditions it is used, it may not be measuring the same event that determines GPCR action in cells.     

保留灌肠影响溃疡性结肠炎疗效的原因分析

目的 探讨保留灌肠对活动期轻中型远段溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者行门诊治疗与住院治疗不同方式影响治疗效果的因素.方法 筛选2008年2月至2009年10月住院治疗UC患者19例,门诊治疗UC患者19例,两组患者于治疗期间采用相同配方不同方式、方法,不同操作人群进行保留灌肠治疗2～4周,每晚一次,第一疗程结束后以腹痛症状是否缓解、大便性状、次数改变评定疗效.结果 门诊组总有效率73.7%,住院组100%,经统计学处理差异具有显著性.结论 前瞻性护理技术安全管理、心理护理、巧用吸痰管配合注射器并控制灌肠液注入速度是提高保留灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎效果的重要因素,值得医护及患者的重视.     

注射用利培酮微球的作用机制及临床应用

注射用利培酮微球是第一个非典型抗精神病药长效剂型,于2006年进入我国市场。它采用先进的Med isorb(微球体)专利技术,减少了首过效应,提高了生物利用度,减少了吸收和生物代谢的个体差异;其在体内缓慢均匀释放的特性,使患者能保持稳定的稳态血浆药物浓度,即便长期治疗中漏掉1次注射,体内药物也不会突然中断;该药物临床疗效好、不良反应少、安全性高,使患者有较好的依从性,且具有最佳的成本-疗效效益。文中综述了注射用利培酮微球的药动学、药效学、临床疗效、安全性及药物经济学效益的最新研究进展。     

提高高校思想政治理论课实效性的必要性

当代大学生的思想政治教育工作倍受党中央、国务院的高度重视和社会各界的广泛关注。作为主渠道的思想政治理论课只有从教学观念、教学内容、教学方式、教学手段等四个方面加以改进和创新,才能不断增强授课的针对性和实效性。     

伊贝沙坦治疗原发性高血压临床疗效

目的 :观察伊贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者降压的疗效及安全性。方法 :采用自身对照开放试验 ,选取 40例原发性高血压患者 ,服用伊贝沙坦 15 0mg·d-1,如 4wk无效加至 30 0mg·d-1,至 8wk。每 2wk随访BP ,HR ,并记录不良反应。结果 :经 8wk治疗 ,伊贝沙坦降压总有效率达 95 % ,平均SBP由 (146 3± 14 7)mmHg降至 (130 9± 11 0 )mmHg ,DBP由 (94 6± 15 2 )mmHg降至 (79 3± 6 8)mmHg ,P <0 0 5。整个治疗期间无明显不良反应发生。结论 :伊贝沙坦是一个安全、有效的降压药物     

新型抗癫痫药托吡酯治疗癫痫的临床研究

目的 :观察托吡酯治疗癫痫的临床疗效及安全性。方法 :采用开放性试验 ,对15例难治性癫痫患者进行托吡酯添加治疗以及对61例新诊断的癫痫患者进行托吡酯单药治疗。结果 :15例难治性癫痫发作频率减少≥50 %者10例 ,有效率66 7 % ,其中2例发作停止 ;61例新诊断的癫痫发作频率减少≥50 %者45例 ,有效率73 8 % ,其中16例 (26 2 % )完全控制。不良反应发生率低 ,且程度较轻。结论 :托吡酯不论作为添加治疗或单药治疗 ,对多种癫痫发作形式均有良好的疗效 ,而且安全     

The efficacy of benorylate in postoperative dental pain

Summary The efficacy of a single pre-operative dose of benorylate (4 g) was determined in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel study in patients undergoing removal of a single impacted lower third molar.Patients treated with benorylate 4 g reported significantly less pain between 3–6 h after dosage than those treated with placebo. Overall pain scores at 6 h were significantly less in the benorylate group than the placebo group. However, overall pain scores at 12 h did not differ significantly between treatment groups.It is concluded from this study that a single dose of benorylate 4 g given immediately prior to the removal of an impacted lower third molar provides limited pain control during the postoperative period.     

白头翁提取物的消毒效果研究

为了解白头翁提取物杀菌效果,进行了悬液定量杀菌实验。结果,白头翁提取物原液对悬液中大肠杆菌作用3 m in、对金黄色葡萄菌和白色念珠菌作用5 m in,杀灭率均达100%。用白头翁提取液原液对志愿者手擦拭并作用1 m in,对手上自然菌消除率可达到90%以上。结论,白头翁提取物具有良好的杀菌效果。