A comprehensive review of intake estimates of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) based on indirect exposure models and urinary biomonitoring data

Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is a high molecular weight general purpose plasticizer used principally in the manufacture of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) articles. DINP metabolites can be measured in biological media such as blood and urine. However, measurement of a substance in the blood or urine does not by itself mean that the chemical causes or is associated with adverse health outcomes. This is particularly pertinent given the advances in modern analytical techniques whereby ever diminishing trace amounts of substances can be detected. Therefore, it is a scientific necessity that risk assessors understand the relationship of biomonitoring data to estimation of exposure so that appropriate comparisons can be made to the no observed adverse effects levels (NOAELs) or other points of departure from toxicological studies in animals. In this paper, estimates of daily DINP intake are calculated for various population segments based on urinary biomonitoring data and are compared to estimates of exposure based on indirect methods and to health-based exposure guidance values. In general, intake estimates converge on a mean of 1–2 μg/kg/day regardless of source of exposure or population cluster; a value 2-orders of magnitude lower than health-based exposure guidance values, ranging from 120 to 290 μg/kg/day, which have been established by regulatory authorities and other authoritative bodies as representing acceptable levels.     

七氟烷在小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术中的应用分析

目的:研究分析七氟烷在小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术中的应用效果。方法:选取我院在2011年12月~2012年11月收治74例小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术患者的临床资料进行研究分析,并按患者住院尾号分为治疗组(37例)和对照组(37例),对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果:对比两组患者麻醉效果,治疗组患者诱导、拔管及苏醒等时间均显著短于对照组患者的,且有统计学意义(P<0.05);对比两组患者麻醉过程中出现不良反应发生率,治疗组患者麻醉过程中出现不良反应发生率为16.26%,对照组患者麻醉过程中出现不良反应发生率为46.01%,治疗组患者显著低于对照组患者,且有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:七氟烷在小儿扁桃体腺样体摘除术中具有显著效果,且安全性较高,值得推广应用。     

Folding and ligand recognition of the TPP riboswitch aptamer at single-molecule resolution

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-sensitive mRNA domains are the most prevalent riboswitches known. Despite intensive investigation, the complex ligand recognition and concomitant folding processes in the TPP riboswitch that culminate in the regulation of gene expression remain elusive. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging to probe the folding landscape of the TPP aptamer domain in the absence and presence of magnesium and TPP. To do so, distinct labeling patterns were used to sense the dynamics of the switch helix (P1) and the two sensor arms (P2/P3 and P4/P5) of the aptamer domain. The latter structural elements make interdomain tertiary contacts (L5/P3) that span a region immediately adjacent to the ligand-binding site. In each instance, conformational dynamics of the TPP riboswitch were influenced by ligand binding. The P1 switch helix, formed by the 5′ and 3′ ends of the aptamer domain, adopts a predominantly folded structure in the presence of Mg²⁺ alone. However, even at saturating concentrations of Mg²⁺ and TPP, the P1 helix, as well as distal regions surrounding the TPP-binding site, exhibit an unexpected degree of residual dynamics and disperse kinetic behaviors. Such plasticity results in a persistent exchange of the P3/P5 forearms between open and closed configurations that is likely to facilitate entry and exit of the TPP ligand. Correspondingly, we posit that such features of the TPP aptamer domain contribute directly to the mechanism of riboswitch-mediated translational regulation.     

腹腔镜甲状腺次全切除术52例临床疗效观察

目的 探讨腹腔镜甲状腺次全切除术的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2012年5月昆明医科大学第二附属医院腹部微创外科完成的52例腹腔镜甲状腺次全切除术的手术患者方法及临床效果.结果 52例患者均顺利完成手术,术中无大出血及中转开放,胸前皮肤红肿、瘀斑5例,声音嘶哑3例,吞咽疼痛2例,头晕、呕吐5例,瘢痕增生1例,术中、术后均无死亡病例.手术时间53～ 150 min,术后第3～7天出院.结论 虽然腹腔镜甲状腺切除术操作困难,但安全可行,其具有明显的美容效果、创伤小、恢复快等优点,有技术条件的腔镜中心可选择合适的病例开展.     

Neonatal alcohol impairs the context preexposure facilitation effect in juvenile rats: Dose-response and post-training consolidation effects

Alcohol exposure on postnatal days (PND) 4-9 in the rat adversely affects hippocampal anatomy and function and impairs performance on a variety of hippocampus-dependent tasks. Exposure during this developmental window reveals a linear relationship between alcohol dose and spatial learning impairment in the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE), a hippocampus-dependent variant of contextual fear conditioning. The purpose of the current report was to examine the effect of a range of alcohol doses administered during a narrower window, PND7-9, than previously reported (Experiment 1) and to begin to determine which memory processes involved in this task are impaired by developmental alcohol exposure (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, rats pups received a single day binge alcohol dose of either 2.75, 4.00, 5.25 g/kg/day or were sham-intubated (SI) from PND7-9. Conditioned freezing during the test day was evident in all dosing groups, except for Group 5.25 g, indicating no graded dose-related behavioral deficits with alcohol exposure limited to PND7-9. In Experiment 2, rat pups were exposed to the highest effective dose from Experiment 1 (5.25 g/kg/day) or were sham intubated over PND7-9. During training, rats remained in the conditioning context for 5-min following immediate shock delivery. During this test of post-shock freezing, both SI and alcohol-exposed rats given prior exposure to the conditioning context showed comparable freezing levels. Since alcohol-exposed rats showed normal post-shock freezing, deficits by these rats on the test day likely reflect a failure to consolidate or retrieve a context-shock association, rather than a deficit in hippocampal conjunctive processes (consolidation, pattern completion) that occur prior to shock on the training day. These findings illustrate the value of the CPFE for characterizing the separable memory processes that are impaired by neonatal alcohol exposure in this task.     

Correlación genotipo-fenotipo en miocardiopatía hipertrófica: un estudio multicéntrico en Portugal y España sobre la variante p.Arg21Leu de TPM1

Introduction and objectivesTPM1 is one of the main hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) genes. Clinical information on carriers is relatively scarce, limiting the interpretation of genetic findings in individual patients. Our aim was to establish genotype-phenotype correlations of the TPM1 p.Arg21Leu variant in a serie of pedigrees.MethodsTPM1 was evaluated by next-generation sequencing in 10 561 unrelated probands with inherited heart diseases. Familial genetic screening was performed by the Sanger method. We analyzed TPM1 p.Arg21Leu pedigrees for cosegregation, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. We also estimated the geographical distribution of the carrier families in Portugal and Spain.ResultsThe TPM1 p.Arg21Leu variant was identified in 25/4099 (0.61%) HCM-cases, and was absent in 6462 control individuals with other inherited cardiac phenotypes (P < .0001). In total, 83 carriers (31 probands) were identified. The combined LOD score for familial cosegregation was 3.95. The cumulative probability of diagnosis in carriers was 50% at the age of 50 years for males, and was 25% in female carriers. At the age of 70 years, 17% of males and 46% of female carriers were unaffected. Mean maximal left ventricular wall thickness was 21.4 ± 7.65 mm. Calculated HCM sudden death risk was low in 34 carriers (77.5%), intermediated in 8 (18%), and high in only 2 (4.5%). Survival free of cardiovascular death or heart transplant was 87.5% at 50 years. Six percent of carriers were homozygous and 18% had an additional variant. Family origin was concentrated in Galicia, Extremadura, and northern Portugal, suggesting a founder effect.ConclusionsTPM1 p.Arg21Leu is a pathogenic HCM variant associated with late-onset/incomplete penetrance and a generally favorable prognosis.     

Treatment effect analysis of curettage for jaw cysts based on volumetric assessment and image registration

The study was conducted to develop a visual and intuitive quantitative evaluation method for maxillary cystic lesions after curettage. Mimics 16.0 and Geomagic Studio 2013 were used to form a precise reconstruction of the cystic lesion morphology of 60 cases; the average reduction rates and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Computed tomography (CT) registration was performed before and after surgery to observe morphology features of the bone regeneration of the cystic area. The average reduction rates (RR) of the cysts after curettage were (43.56 ± 16.79)%, (54.33 ± 17.15)% and (68.53 ± 15.99)% at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. The average monthly reduction rates (MRR) were (12.07 ± 4.35)%, (8.16 ± 2.84)% and (5.35 ± 1.52)% at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Correlation analysis by comparing with each group showed that the effect of sex and age in the 3-month group and the initial size in the 12-month group on RR and MRR were statistically significant. Within the limitations of the study it seems that the chosen approach for quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of curettage for jaw cystic lesions might facilitate visual and quantitative follow-up of cyst curettage and timely detection of recurrence.     

全程护理干预在乳腺癌放疗中的应用效果

目的探讨全程护理干预在乳腺癌放疗中的应用效果。方法选取2013年2月～2014年1月本院收治的142例乳腺癌放疗患者作为研究对象,随机分为研究组（72例）和对照组（70例）,对照组采用常规护理模式,研究组实施全程护理。比较两组的生存质量和局部皮肤不良反应发生情况。结果研究组放疗后的生存质量评分显著高于放疗前及对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。研究组的3＋4度局部皮肤损伤比例为8.3%,显著低于对照组的37.1%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论全程护理干预在乳腺癌放疗中的效果显著,能够改善患者的心理与生理负面因素,提高生存质量,减少皮肤损伤。     

可来福接头在43例股静脉留置双腔导管血液透析中的临床观察

目的:探讨可来福无针密闭式输液接头在股静脉留置双腔导管血液透析中的应用效果。方法:将符合纳入标准的83例行股静脉留置双腔导管血液透析的患者随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组40例采用肝素帽封管,试验组43例采用可来福无针密闭式输液接头封管,观察两组的导管堵塞发生率和导管相关感染发生率。结果:观察组的导管堵塞率、导管相关感染率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在股静脉留置双腔导管血透患者中使用可来福无针密闭式输液接头封管可减少导管堵塞率、降低导管相关感染率值得大力推广使用。