阻塞性肺炎在早期中心型肺癌影像学中的诊断价值

目的 :探讨阻塞性肺炎在早期中心型肺癌常规胸部 X线影像与 CT影像的诊断意义。方法 :本组经手术和纤维支气管镜活检病理证实的早期中心型肺癌 7例 ,男 5例 ,女 2例 ,部分行常规摄胸部正位像 ;2例行侧位像。同时 7例均行 CT扫描 ;5例可疑作增强扫描。结果 :7例病例中常规胸部 X线影像表现为炎症。其中 :右肺中叶 3例 ,下野 1例 ,左肺中、下野各 1例 ,其中左右肺门增大各 1例 ,但有 1例显示正常。CT影像表现 4例支气管腔内呈菜花样肿块影 ,1例支气管腔内呈类似梭形的肿块影。 2例肺门肿大的块影呈分叶状。结论 :CT影像学检查对早期病变较小的中心型肺癌有一定的诊断价值 ;并能够为临床早期治疗提供一定的依据     

烧冲复合伤后内皮素和一氧化氮的变化及其意义

目的：探讨烧冲复合作用后肺组织内皮素（ＥＴ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的变化特点及其意义。方法：检测伤后不同时间肺组织ＥＴ和ＮＯ含量的变化，并对伤后大鼠给以内皮素受体（ＥＴＲ）拮抗剂和一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）抑制剂干预治疗，观察肺脏的大体和镜下改变，结果：伤后肺组织ＥＴ、ＮＯ含量及ＥＴ／ＮＯ比值均出现了明显变化，ＥＴ／ＮＯ比值变化与伤情呈显著正相关。ＥＴＲ拮抗剂和ＮＯＳ抑制剂分别可减轻和加重肺损伤。结论：伤     

Cigarette Smoke Ventilation Decreases the Contractile Responses of Intestinal Smooth Muscle

Abstract: Hamster stomach strips or isolated rat colons were superfused by the effluent from isolated hamster or rat lungs, respectively. Cigarette smoke ventilation of the lungs caused a decrease in the contractile responses of hamster stomach strips to prostaglandin E₂ and of rat colons to angiotensin II, when Krebs buffer was used as perfusion medium. On rat colons, diluted blood was as effective carrier of the inhibitory compounds as was the buffer solution.     

State of the lung surfactant in animals of different species

The activity of the lung surfactant in mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs was found to be within normal limits with variation of the coefficient of stability of the air bubbles between 0.84 and 0.93. Differences in the content of surfactant in animals of different species depend on the frequency, severity, and character of spontaneous pulmonary pathology. The data obtained can be used as the starting point for the study of the surfactant system of the lungs in various experimentally induced pathological states of the lung tissue.S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR I. S. Kolesnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 11–13, January, 1978.     

Segmental topography and aeration gradients of the human lungs

The method of regional electroplethysmography of the lungs was used to study the segmental topography of the air volume when the total preinspiratory lung volume corresponded to the functional residual capacity. In subjects recumbent in the supine position, besides a distinct dorsal-ventral gradient, there is also an equally marked apical-basal gradient, the origin of which cannot be explained from the standpoint of a gravitational mechanism. The electroplethysmographic index of the air content in a part of the lungs can be converted into an index of the regional volume of air in the lungs, and it was also shown that, in principle, the regional total lung-capacity index can be calculated by electroplethysmography.Laboratory Department, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. Laboratory of Physiology of the Circulation, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 7, pp. 3–6, July, 1975.     

The cumulative scanning electron microscopic changes in baby mouse lungs following prenatal and postnatal exposures to nicotine

Half of the offspring from nicotine exposed and control mother mice were cross-fostered at birth to form four groups of those exposed to nicotine only during the gestational period (NC), only during the lactational period (CN), throughout both periods (NN), or exposed to none (CC). Nodular mucosal bulges (neuroepithelial bodies, NEB) were found in all groups; their number decreased with the increase in the age in the control group (CC). The bulges were large and irregular in all nicotine exposed groups, especially in the NN group. Although they also decreased in number with age, NEB were significantly retained and abnormal in the NN group compared with the NC and CC groups on day 30 (p less than 0.01). In addition, the bronchioles were tortuous in the nicotine exposed groups probably due to the expansion of mucosal depressions, pits, and fenestrations. In mice, maternal exposures to a small dosage of nicotine throughout both gestational and lactating periods appear to induce more baby lung changes than when the exposure to nicotine is limited to either period alone. More importantly, nicotine induced baby lung changes observed on day 5 appear to regress by day 30, if the exposure to nicotine is discontinued at birth.     

Laryngeal Atresia, Pleurodesis, and Diaphragmatic Hypertrophy in a Newborn Infant with Findings Relevant to Fetal Lung Development

A rare congenital malformation, cartilaginous subglottic laryngeal atresia, was found associated with developmental growth disturbances in the lungs (hypoplasia), diaphragm (hypertrophy), and pleural cavities (pleurodesis) in a newborn premature male infant who died immediately after birth. Because of coexistent esophageal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and anal atresia, the lower respiratory tract and gastrointestinal canal together formed a closed system throughout fetal life. A mechanism whereby diaphragmatic hypertrophy and mesenchymal obliteration of the pleural cavities may have evolved during uterine development is suggested. Since pulmonary hypoplasia was also present, an explanation of this unique constellation of developmental abnormalities has a bearing on normal lung development.     

Primary Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Lung in a Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), an aggressive high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, usually occurs in the elderly during the fifth to seventh decade of life. It commonly arises in the retroperitoneum, extremities, and head and neck region. Primary pulmonary MFH is extremely rare and is frequently fatal. We present the youngest known case, a 9-year-old boy with a primary left lung grade II inflammatory MFH, stage II. He underwent a left upper lobectomy for tumor resection. After completing radiation therapy, he was started on vincristine, actino-mycin D, and cyclophosphamide alternating with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks. After five such cycles, he had a histologically proven local recurrence. He then received chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide (2 g/m²) and etoposide (VP-16) (100 mg/m²) given daily for 3 days every 3 weeks. The patient attained complete remission (CR) after five such cycles and completed treatment without any major complications. He received a total of 16 courses and is continuing in CR 36 months off treatment. Ifosfamide and etoposide (VP-16), known for their usefulness in treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas, can be used as salvage chemotherapy for patients with MFH who fail the front-line conventional chemotherapy.