关于“大气”与“温血”——《素问·离合真邪论篇》析疑二则

本文对《素问·离合真邪论篇》中关于”大气“与”温血“的两则经文进行辨析。提出”大气“有真气、邪气之分,而”温血“应理解为蕴血,即邪蕴于血的含义。     

Studies on Pollen Allergy in Delhi

The volumetric sampling of the air has been earned out with the Suction Impaction Sampler devised by Tilak & Kulkarni (1970). The pollen counts have been expressed as number per cubic metre volume of the air. Based on the percentage of pollen peaks, diurnal patterns of the total count of all the types, and six dominant allergens have been determined. For these allergens, daily fluctuations have also been recorded. The influence of meteorological factors such as temperature, wind, rainfall, relative humidity and sunshine hours/day on the variation patterns in the concentration of atmospheric pollen has been discussed. It has been shown that 25–30°C temperature, 5–15km/h wind speed, 60–70°, RH, bright, sunny and rain-free days are favourable for high pollen catch. These weather conditions might be conducive for the high discharge, dispersal, and deposition of air-borne pollen. Too low or too high temperature, very high wind speed, high humidity, and cloudy and rainy days hinder high pollen catch.     

Kliniske neurosestudier

Background: Although a number of effective treatments are available for patients on inpatient psychiatric units, the motivation of patients to engage with these treatments is frequently poor. Unmotivated patients may be more likely to drop out of treatment, or discontinue treatment after discharge. Aim: The present study examined the relationship of depression and ward atmosphere in influencing motivation. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 60 patients at a South London Medium Secure Unit completed the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Ward Atmosphere Scales and the Patient Motivation Inventory. Results: Regression analyses demonstrated that depression predicts motivation in a relationship that is mediated by ward atmosphere. In addition, ward atmosphere predicts motivation in a relationship that is mediated by depression. Conclusions: The findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between depression and ward atmosphere, and both factors are important in influencing a patient's motivation to engage with treatment. Improving motivation of psychiatric inpatients seems to require both factors to be addressed.     

Sulfur isotope variability of oceanic DMSP generation and its contributions to marine biogenic sulfur emissions

Oceanic dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is the precursor to dimethylsulfide (DMS), which plays a role in climate regulation through transformation to methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-seasalt sulfate (NSS-SO(4)(2-)) aerosols. Here, we report measurements of the abundance and sulfur isotope compositions of DMSP from one phytoplankton species (Prorocentrum minimum) and five intertidal macroalgal species (Ulva lactuca, Ulva linza, Ulvaria obscura, Ulva prolifera, and Polysiphonia hendryi) in marine waters. We show that the sulfur isotope compositions (δ(34)S) of DMSP are depleted in (34)S relative to the source seawater sulfate by ～1-3‰ and are correlated with the observed intracellular content of methionine, suggesting a link to metabolic pathways of methionine production. We suggest that this variability of δ(34)S is transferred to atmospheric geochemical products of DMSP degradation (DMS, MSA, and NSS-SO(4)(2-)), carrying implications for the interpretation of variability in δ(34)S of MSA and NSS-SO(4)(2-) that links them to changes in growth conditions and populations of DMSP producers rather than to the contributions of DMS and non-DMS sources.     

大气细颗粒物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病状态影响的随访

目的探讨大气细颗粒物对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的影响。 方法选择在我院确诊并且病情处于稳定期的COPD患者100例,随访4次,检测研究对象的肺功能、炎症因子水平、氧化应激指标水平以及心率等指标,使用线性混合效应模型分析大气细颗粒物对COPD患者肺功能的影响。 结果累积暴露1～7 d,PM_2.5与COPD患者的第1秒用力肺活量(FEV₁)呈负相关,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁变化为-3.05%(95%CI：-5.11%～-1.05%)～-2.47%(95%CI：-4.26%～-0.78%);PM_2.5与COPD患者的第1秒用力呼气量占所有呼气量的比例(FEV₁/FVC%)之间呈负相关,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁/FVC%变化为-2.57%(95%CI：-4.69%～-1.53%)～-3.39%(95%CI：-4.02%～-0.74%)。根据COPD患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)浓度中位数水平进行分层分析,PM_2.5对FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC肺功能指标的降低效应在高hs-CRP 、高SOD、MDA患者中更强。在高hs-CRP患者中,PM2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁变化-3.35%(95%CI：-6.47%～-0.28%);在高MDA患者中,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁变化-4.12%(95%CI：-8.43%～-0.23%);在高SOD患者中,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁变化-3.76%(95%CI：-7.32%～-0.22%);在高hs-CRP患者中,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁/FVC变化-3.76%(95%CI：-7.35%～-0.21%);在高MDA患者中,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁/FVC%变化-0.98%(95%CI：-1.89%～-0.11%);在高SOD患者中,PM_2.5每升高IQR浓度,患者FEV₁/FVC%变化1.69%(95%CI：-3.01%～-0.17%)。 结论大气细颗粒物可影响COPD患者的氧化应激反应、炎症反应、心血管系统,影响患者的肺功能。     

济南市市区大气颗粒物污染来源研究

[目的 ]确定济南市市区大气污染的首要污染物———颗粒物 (总悬浮颗粒物TSP及可吸入颗粒物PM1 0 )的主要来源 ,为环境管理及治理提供技术支持。[方法 ] 1 999年 1 2月至 2 0 0 0年 9月在济南市市区及其周围设点采集空气中各种排放源颗粒物 ,并运用化学质量平衡 (CMB)模型确定不同排放源的分担率。 [结果 ]济南市市区大气颗粒物主要来源于扬尘、煤烟尘和风沙尘 ,对TSP及PM1 0 的分担率分别为 34%和 30 % ,2 5 %和 1 9% ,1 8%和 2 2 %。 [结论 ]济南市市区煤烟尘污染得到了有效控制 ,扬尘污染与机动车的污染仍然严重     

平菇气调包装保鲜

平菇水分含量高,呼吸作用强,属于易腐烂变质的蔬菜.MAP能明显抑制果蔬的呼吸作用和水分的蒸腾作用,抑制营养物质的降解.实验研究了MAP技术结合化学物质处理对平菇贮藏保鲜的效果.结果表明,平菇气调贮藏的条件,体积分数为1.5%O2+20%CO2时较好,在此条件下可延长货架期6～10d;2#处理(质量分数为3%柠檬酸,0.05%NaHSO3,1%CaCl2)可有效地抑制平菇的褐变;利用LDPE膜包装的保鲜效果明显优于PVC膜以及LDPE和PVC复合膜.     

西洋参蜂王浆滋补强壮体质的研究

西洋参蜂王浆能延长小鼠冷水游泳、常压缺氧和冷冻的存活时间,并能增加家兔血液中红细胞和血红蛋白的含量。     

大气中铅的石墨炉原子吸收法分析

铅是有毒金属 ,它能引起几乎所有器官系统的功能紊乱 ,尤其是血液和神经系统。环境中的铅经口或呼吸进入人体后 ,被血液输送至各组织。大气中的铅是环境及卫生监测的重要指标 ,准确测定大气中铅的含量显得特别重要。我国规定大气中铅的卫生标准为 0 0 0 15mg/m3 。采用国产石墨炉原子吸收氘灯扣背景技术 ,在无基体掩蔽剂的条件下 ,测定方法简便 ,分析速度快 ,结果令人满意