Difference in projections to the lateral and medial facial nucleus: anatomically separate pathways for rhythmical vibrissa movement in rats

Summary The present paper demonstrates that the lateral and medial subdivisions of the rat facial motor nucleus (NVII) receive differing mesencephalic and metencephalic projections. In order to study brain projections to facial nucleus, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected iontophoretically into the entire facial nucleus or the following subdivisions: lateral, dorsolateral, medial, intermediate, and ventral. In the mesencephalic region, the retrorubral nucleus was found to project to the contralateral medial subdivision of NVII, while the red nucleus was found to project to the contralateral lateral subdivision of NVII. Other mesencephalic projections to the facial nucleus arose from the deep mesencephalic nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, central gray including inter stitial nucleus of Cajal and nucleus Darkschewitsch, superior colliculus and substantia nigra (reticular). In the metencephalic region, the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus projected mainly to the ipsilateral lateral subdivision of NVII. In addition, the trapezoid, pontine reticular, vestibular, and motor trigeminal nuclei were observed to have predominantly ipsilateral connections to the facial nucleus. In contrast, projections from the myelencephalic region were to both the lateral and medial subdivision of NVII. The medullary reticular nucleus, ambiguus nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus and parvocellular reticular nucleus projected to both lateral and medial subdivisions of NVII with an ipsilateral predominance. The gigantocellular and paragigantocellular reticular nuclei, raphe magnus, external cuneate nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract also projected to the facial motor nucleus. Surprisingly, no direct projections to the NVII were observed from diencephalic and telencephalic regions. Our findings that the lateral subdivision of NVII which innervates vibrissa-pad-muscles (Dom et al. 1973; Martin and Lodge 1977; Watson et al. 1982) receives different metencephalic and mesencephalic projections than medial subdivision which controls pinna movement (Henkel and Edwards 1978), suggest that the functional difference between these subdivisions is mediated by the anatomically separate pathways. We confirmed our anatomical findings by eliciting exclusively vibrissa responses by electrical stimulation of the nuclei which project to the lateral subdivision of NVII.     

海水型呼吸窘迫综合征兔肾皮质酶活性定位和图像分析

采用超微结构细胞化学和图像分析技术，对兔海水型呼吸窘迫综合征（ＳＷ－ＲＤＳ）肾皮质酶活性的变化进行了观察。ＳＷ－ＲＤＳ组肾皮质碱性磷酸酶、５’－核苷酸酶、对－硝基苯磷酸酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性明显下降，而胞嘧啶单核苷酸酶活性明显增强。这表明肾皮质一些酶活性的改变是兔ＳＷ－ＲＤＳ发病机理之一。     

无创正压通气改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭的临床观察

目的评价无创正压通气(NPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床效果.方法51例COPD急性加重并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗组(26例)和NPPV组(25例),观察两组患者治疗前后动脉血气变化及病情转归.结果与治疗前比较,NPPV组治疗24 h后PaO2明显升高,PaCO2明显下降(P＜0.01),常规治疗组治疗24 h后PaO2亦有上升(P＜0 05),PaCO2则无明显变化,(P＞0.05).治疗24 h后NPPV组PaO2升高和PaCO2下降较常规治疗组更为显著(P＜0.05).常规治疗组的失败率(34.6%)显著高于NPPV组(16.0%,P＜0.05).NPPV组的平均住院天数(14.5±6.7)d明显短于常规治疗组(23.8±9.2)d,P＜0.05.结论NPPV可明显改善COPD急性加重并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的气体交换,纠正低氧血症和高碳酸血症,提高抢救成功率.     

92例跟骨骨折后足部畸形功能障碍治疗探讨

本文对92例106足波及距下关节的跟骨骨折治疗后1～6年遗留足畸形、功能障碍的病例(PALey:舌型17足,中央压陷型53足,严重粉碎型36足)进行了分析和总结。作者强调解剖复位、牢靠固定、一期植骨、早期关节持续被动运动及不过早负重是预防跟骨骨折众多并发症的重要措施。     

Prevalence of respiratory allergy in a platinum refinery

Summary In a cross-sectional study, 65 workers in the chemical industry with exposure to platinum salts were investigated with regard to the prevalence to allergic respiratory tract diseases. A respriatory questionnaire, a skin-prick test with K₂PtCl₆ and environmental allergens, determination of total IgE, platinum-specific IgE and histamine release in basophilic granulocytes and lung function tests were applied before and after a Monday shift and after a Friday shift. Work-related symptoms of respiratory allergy were present in 23% of all workers, but were significantly more frequent in the most exposed group in the platinum refinery (52.4%). Of all workers, 18.7% had a positive skin-prick test with platinum salt. As compared to the other workers, the workers with work-related symptoms of respiratory allergy had significantly more positive skin-prick tests (64.3%) and a higher total IgE and platinum-specific IgE; they did not, however, show higher histamine release. In the course of the week, a significant fall in lung function, namely in FEV₁ and FEF25, was recorded in the group of workers with work-related symptoms.     

Chorea as a presenting feature of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We report on a patient with pathologically proven variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in whom chorea was a presenting feature of the disease, and was unaccompanied by the typical prodrome of psychiatric disturbance or sensory symptoms.     

A new respiratory valve system for measuring oxygen uptake during swimming

We describe a new respiratory valve system with minimal dead space, which allows measurement of ventilation and oxygen uptake during swimming. The device offers considerable advantages in efficiency and accuracy over current equipment, and can be used in conjunction either with a miniaturized telemetry system for oxygen uptake measurement or with a conventional system. The valve has a low airflow resistance, a small dead space (15 ml), and an electrically operating, closed-circuit pump to remove excess water from the expiratory tube. The external form and the buoyancy of the valve have been hydrostatically and hydrodynamically designed to reduce drag and to ensure a correct mass in the water. To obtain this result a very sophisticated material, carbon fibre, has been utilized. Our studies showed that this respiratory system is ideal for obtaining valid and reliable values of oxygen uptake during swimming, even at high speed and in endurance swimming tests.     

急性氨中毒致上呼吸道损伤的临床分析

目的 :观察氨中毒损伤上呼吸道的症状及治疗效果。方法 :回顾分析急性氨中毒致上呼吸道损伤1 67例的临床资料。结果 :患者均愈后良好 ,无因上呼吸道损伤而死亡的病例 ,有少数患者遗留声嘶及慢性咽炎。结论 :在急性氨中毒致上呼吸道损伤患者的救治过程中合理应用糖皮质激素、酸性雾化液及抗生素至关重要。     

肺脾双补治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染

目的 :观察肺脾双补法治疗小儿反复呼吸道感染 (RRTI)的疗效并探讨其作用机理。方法 :RRTI患儿 1 2 0例随机分为治疗组及对照组 ,治疗组在急性呼吸道感染期给以中药汤剂 ,感染好转后口服中药 (玉屏风散合四君子汤加减 ) ,每日一剂 ,连用两周。对照组感染期间使用西药抗生素及抗病毒剂治疗 ,感染缓解后不用药 ,两组于治疗前及治疗后 1月检测免疫球蛋白、T细胞亚群。结果 :治疗组有效率为 92 .6% ,对照组有效率为 34.6% ,两组比较差异显著( p <0 .0 1 )。治疗组IgA、IgG及CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8增高 ,CD8降低 ,与对照组比较有显著差异。结论 :肺脾双补法对RRTI有较好疗效 ,并有提高体液免疫与细胞免疫的作用     

延髓腹外侧区在调节呼吸和心血管系统中的作用

现已知延髓腹外侧区在呼吸调节和心血管调节中起着重要作用．延髓腹外侧区有两个重要的血管运动中枢，称为头侧和尾侧血管运动中枢．参与呼吸调节的中枢化学感受器位于延髓腹外侧区浅表部位；延髓腹外侧区还参与中枢和外周化学感受器的传入冲动的整合．文章对一些最重要的有争论的观点作一综述