灭鼠后黄毛鼠种群数量回升动态研究

目的 :研究灭鼠后黄毛鼠种群数量回升动态 ,为制订科学的灭鼠对策提供依据。方法 :1997～ 1998年设 3个大样区 ,每年用 0 .0 375 %杀鼠迷毒谷灭鼠 2次。灭鼠前和灭鼠后的每个月都调查黄毛鼠的种群动态。结果 :2～ 7月和 8～ 11月黄毛鼠的月均繁殖指数分别为 12 1.2 %和12 8.9%。在春种前灭鼠 ,即使灭效达 86.1%～ 92 .7% ,8月份的鼠密度便达到甚至超过灭鼠前。 8月份灭鼠时 ,若灭效在 82 .0 %以上 ,12月份的鼠密度未恢复到灭鼠前 ;如果灭效低 ,12月的鼠密度就会超过灭鼠前。结论 :灭后黄毛鼠的种群数量恢复快 ,因此每年要全面灭鼠 2次 ,且上半年和 8月份的毒谷指数要分别在 0 .5和 0 .6以上。     

Reproductive outcomes among Mexico-born women in San Diego and Tijuana: testing the migration selectivity hypothesis

Mexican immigrants to the United States have better reproductive outcomes than do U.S.-born non-Latina whites. Explanations offered for this epidemiologic paradox include (1) poor outcomes among Mexican women may be hidden by their return to Mexico; (2) Mexican women may have a higher fetal death rate that alters the pattern of live birth outcomes; (3) Mexican women may have socioeconomic characteristics which, if properly measured, would explain the outcome; (4) Mexican women may have personal characteristics which would explain the outcome, if properly measured; (5) there may be ameliorative or salutogenic protective effects of culture; and (6) migration may be selective of healthier women who are thus more prone to positive outcomes. We test these explanations, with an emphasis on the last one, using a data set that combines reproductive histories and birth outcomes for Mexico-born women delivering in San Diego, California and Mexican women delivering in Tijuana, Mexico. These data are compared with U.S.-born Latinas and U.S.-born non-Latina Whites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggests that when controlling for birth history (stillbirths and miscarriages), socioeconomic characteristics (education and prenatal visits), personal characteristics (age, parity, time in area, history of family problems), and health characteristics (history of smoking, alcohol use, drug use, anemia, vaginal bleeding, urinary infection), the adjusted odds of a positive birth outcome (measured as a live birth of 2500 grams or more) is highest for women delivering in Tijuana, implying that migrants may not be so selective when compared to the country of origin. The number of prenatal visits was an important explanatory variable.     

COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy: A safety weapon against pandemic

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is raising great concern all over the world. The recent introduction of vaccines has offered reason for optimism, however, new issues have arisen, such as vaccine reluctance. The safety of vaccines for pregnant women is one of the most serious of these concerns. The purpose of this review article is to provide updated international vaccine recommendations, results of ongoing studies and clinical trials, and the role of gynecologists in counseling the women to understand the risks versus benefits as well as form an informed decision towards vaccine acceptance for COVID-19.Although COVID-19 infection increases the risk of severe morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, pregnant women were not included in the initial vaccine trials. As a result, safety information is scarce. Nations have differing recommendations, though many have recently approved the COVID-19 immunization in pregnancy following a risk-benefit analysis. The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (JCVI) of the United Kingdom recently approved an mRNA vaccination for pregnant women. Vaccination is recommended by the CDC, ACOG, ARFM, and WHO. India recently took a stand, with the ICMR and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare recommending vaccination during pregnancy and lactation.     

二硫化碳作业女工早期胚胎损伤的剂量反应关系

目的 探讨女工二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）接触水平与胚胎早期发育障碍之间的剂量－反应关系。方法 前瞻观察生育女工妊娠所需的月 经周期数;收集每个月经周期胚胎植入期尿样,检测绒毛膜促性腺激素含量;监测女工作业地点ＣＳ２浓度。结果 ２５７名接触组经临床确诊妊娠的女工,各月经周期妊娠机率低于３６６名对照组女工,时间妊娠率随女工ＣＳ２接触水平（ＣＳ２接触浓度以ＣＳ２接触工龄）升高而降低：妊娠率＝０．７０３３－０．０     

The emerging international policy agenda for reproductive health services in conflict settings

Over the past 20 years, shifts in the nature of conflict and the sheer numbers of civilians affected have given rise to increasing concern about providing appropriate health services in unstable settings. Concurrently, international health policy attention has focused on sexual and reproductive health issues and finding effective methods of addressing them. This article reviews the background to the promotion and development of reproductive health services for conflict-affected populations. It employs qualitative methods to analyse the development of policy at international level. First we examine the extent to which reproductive health is on the policy agendas of organisations active in humanitarian contexts. We then discuss why and how this has come about, and whether the issue has sufficient support to ensure effective implementation. Our findings demonstrate that reproductive health is clearly on the agenda for agencies working in these settings, as measured by a range of established criteria including the amount of new resources being attracted to this area and the number of meetings and publications devoted to this issue. There are, however, barriers to the full and effective implementation of reproductive health services. These barriers include the hesitation of some field-workers to prioritise reproductive health and the number and diversity of the organisations involved in implementation. The reasons for these barriers are discussed in order to highlight areas for action before effective reproductive health service provision to these populations can be ensured.     

围婚期妇女的生育健康现况调查分析

对北京市６个区（县）的２１８７例围婚期妇女的健康状况进行横断面调查。结果发现：围婚期妇女的平均初婚年龄为２５岁,其中９８．５％具有初中及以上文化程度,９３．１％从事各种职业劳动,２２．６％有婚前性行为,９．７％未婚先孕。疾病、住院、被动吸烟、生活紧张度、豆制品及蔬菜等摄入不足是造成月经不规律的高危因素。提示,保护妇女的生育健康应从围婚期作起     

某市自来水有机提取物对小鼠精子及血清睾酮含量影响的研究

为探讨饮用水中有机提取物的生殖毒性,研究了某市自来水有机提取物对小鼠精子和血清睾酮含量的影响。结果表明：染毒后１０天,有机提取物致使精子活性降低畸开 子数增加,梁毒后３５天,精子活性、血清睾酮含量均显著下降。说明该自来水有机提取物通过血－睾屏障,干扰生精细胞正常发育。     

Effect of active immunization to luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone on the fertility and histoarchitecture of the reproductive organs of male rat

Summary The feasibility of using a vaccine against luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor for supression of pituitary and gonadal functions has been indicated for some time. Antibody production against this low-molecular-weight, naturally occurring decapeptide, however, requires to be coupled to a carrier protein to enhance its immunogenicity. LHRH was coupled to diphtheria toxoid (DT). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean basal body weight of 200g were immunized with anti-LHRH-DT (20 g/injection/rat) at four-week intervals. An equal number of unexposed animals served as controls. Six animals were killed every two weeks up the end of the week 43. The vaccination schedule did not have any effect on the gain in body weight, nor was any adverse effect of vaccination observed in the course of the investigations. The pituitary, prostate, epididymis, testes, seminal vesicles, adrenal and thyroid were excised for determination of organ weight and histological examination. The adrenal, pituitary and thyroid showed no remarkable weight changes during the observation period, whereas the weights of the reproductive organs demonstrated significant reductions compared to those of the control group. The histopathology revealed marked to significant changes in the gonads and the accessory sex organs including the prostate. A progressive phase of regeneration of spermatogenesis was evident 98 days after vaccination. Total recovery of spermatogenesis was observed 300 days after vaccination. The mating studies showed the return of fertility 300 days after vaccination. The litters borne were normal. Prostate showed recovery after 154 days of vaccination. Our observations lend strong support to the hypothesis that anti-LHRH vaccine can be effectively used on the management of prostate carcinoma. If the vaccination is given together with a suitable dose of long-acting androgen, contained in an adequate delivery system, the regimen may be used for the regulation of male fertility.     

Anesthesia practices in the united states common to in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers

Purpose: Our purpose was to characterize and describe anesthesia practice in programs performing IVF in the United States. Methods: We used a telephone survey requiring respondents to be either the program director, a physician, or a nurse familiar with the practice. Two hundred seven (78%) Society of Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) registered programs agreed to participate. Programs were divided by geographic region and type of practice (academic versus private). Results: Ninety-one private (68%) and 41 academic (56%) programs used personnel provided by the Department of Anesthesiology. Conscious sedation was performed most commonly (95%). The remaining 5% used primarily either general, regional, or local anesthesia. Typical recovery times were 90 to 120 min. Average costs of anesthetic administration were $300–$400 and were similar among groups except for the Eastern academic programs, with a higher mean cost of $543. Programs using personnel from anesthesiology reported higher costs compared to programs utilizing their own staff ($391±15 vs $157±11; P<0.05). Complications were infrequent (<10%); no hospitalizations or serious life-threatening incidents were reported. Conclusions: A large number of programs safely used their own trained personnel to deliver anesthesia, and realized a significant reduction in cost.     

壬基酚对小鼠生育力的影响研究

目的 研究壬基酚（NP）经口染毒对昆明种小鼠生育力的影响,并评价其生殖和发育毒性.方法 选择健康性成熟的清洁级的昆明种小鼠128只,体重22～26 g,随机分为24、60、120 mg/kg NP染毒组和1个花生油溶剂对照组,每组32只,雌雄各半.进行小鼠生育力试验.结果 从60 mg/kg组开始,精子计数、活精率、生育指数、妊娠率均随染毒剂量增加而下降,精子畸形率随剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;交配指数仅在120mg/kg组下降（P＜0.05）;从24mg/kg组开始,平均每窝黄体数、着床数、活胎数均随染毒剂量升高而下降,存在明显的剂量-效应关系（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;而着床前死亡率、吸收胎率、死胎率均随染毒剂量增加而升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）.结论 经口染毒壬基酚对小鼠产生明显的生殖和发育毒性.