Associations between intrauterine exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on neonatal ano-genital distance

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants. PCBs have endocrine disrupting properties which raises concerns regarding their effect on the developing fetus.This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal exposure to PCBs and anogenital distance (AGD) in newborns.Serum concentrations of PCB congeners -118, -138, -153 and -180 were measured in 175 pregnant women presenting to the delivery room. AGD was measured in their newborns. Regression models were used to estimate associations between maternal PCB exposure and infant anogenital measurements, controlling for possible confounding variables.Mean maternal serum concentrations were 2.95 ± 2.18 ng/g, 4.62 ± 3.54 ng/g, 7.67 ± 6.42 ng/g and 5.10 ± 3.91 ng/g for congeners -118, -138, -153 and -180, respectively. Higher maternal concentrations of PCBs were associated with reduced AGD measures in male infants. Higher maternal concentrations of PCB-138 and PCB-153 were associated with reduced ano-scrotal distances and higher maternal concentrations of all four PCB congeners were associated with reduced ano-penile distances. No significant associations were found between any PCB congener and any AGD measure in female newborns.This study demonstrates that intrauterine exposure to PCBs may be associated with reduced AGD in male newborns. More research is needed to reveal the implications for adult reproductive health.     

Demographic factors related to male involvement in reproductive health care services in Nigeria

Objectives Men play a well-recognised role in reproductive health care. They are pertinent to the achievement of female reproductive health. This study assessed male involvement in reproductive health issues in Nigeria and identified relevant factors.

Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 1530 married men aged 25 to 45 years selected by a multi-stage sampling procedure. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed, with male involvement in reproductive health care as the dependent variable.

Results The mean age of the respondents was 38.64 (± 5 SD) years. Although 65.9% of the respondents discussed reproductive health issues with their wife, only 39.6% accompanied them during visits to clinics. Less than one-third (30.9%) of the respondents were involved in reproductive health care. Male involvement in reproductive health care is predicted by having completed at least secondary education (OR 4.337; p = 0.007), having one or no living child (OR 2.002; p = 0.001), and approval of family planning (OR 2.637; p = 0.000).

Conclusions Male involvement in reproductive health care is predicted by level of education, number of living children and approval of family planning. There is a need to focus on the identified factors in order to strengthen and increase male participation in reproductive health care.     

葛秦生教授对我国生殖内分泌学发展的贡献

葛秦生教授是国际知名临床生殖内分泌学家、我国生殖内分泌学开拓者和奠基人,在低剂量口服避孕药的研究、性发育异常分类法的建立、绝经期小剂量激素治疗的基础和临床研究及一系列生殖内分泌疾病的诊断和治疗方面成绩显著,为我国生殖内分泌学的发展做出了突出的贡献。     

从“女子以肝为先天”到女性应激综合征

应激对女性健康尤其是生殖内分泌方面影响很大,俞瑾根据中医传统理论"女子以肝为先天",并结合自身50余年的临床细心观察,提出女性应激综合征这一概念,并按严重程度将其分级,提出逐级诊治策略。     

胎膜早破孕妇生殖道感染情况及对妊娠结局影响

目的 研究胎膜早破孕妇生殖道感染情况及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 选择2014年5月至2015年1月住院分娩的胎膜早破孕妇70例为早破组,同期无胎膜早破70例为对照组,检测两组生殖道病原微生物感染情况,并比较两组的妊娠结局。结果 早破组生殖道感染阳性率高于对照组,且剖宫产率,母体发生产后出血,绒毛膜羊膜炎,胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息发生率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 生殖道感染是胎膜早破最常见的诱因,积极筛查及治疗孕妇生殖道感染可以减少相关产科并发症的发生。     

女性生殖道支原体及衣原体感染对妊娠的影响

目的：探讨女性生殖道支原体及衣原体感染对妊娠的影响。方法选择2012年7月至2015年7月处于妊娠期发生衣原体及支原体感染的202例产妇,将其作为感染组,其中120例为治疗组,其余82例为未治疗组,另外选取同时间段内于我院进行产检的未发生生殖道感染的185例孕妇作为对照组。比较对照组与感染组孕产妇、围产儿合并症发生情况;治疗组与未治疗组孕产妇、围产儿合并症发生情况。结果感染组出现流产、早产、宫内生长受限、未足月胎膜早破、死胎死产、产褥病、低体重儿及新生儿肺炎发生率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组流产、早产、宫内生长受限、未足月胎膜早破、死胎死产、产褥病、低体重儿及新生儿肺炎发生率均显著低于未治疗组(P＜0.05)。结论女性生殖道支原体及衣原体感染对妊娠结局产生不良影响,应注意加强产前检查,及时治疗,改善妊娠结局。     

Reproductive characteristics and risk of kidney cancer: Iowa Women's Health Study

Objectives

Kidney (renal cell) cancer accounts for approximately 3–4% of all new cases of primary cancer diagnosed in the United States. A relationship between kidney cancer and female reproductive factors has been hypothesized but supporting evidence is inconsistent. Our objectives were to explore the relationship between female reproductive factors and kidney cancer and identify independent risk factors related to female reproductive history and its effects on development of kidney cancer.

Methods

We measured risk factors for kidney cancer and reproductive characteristics in a group of 37,440 postmenopausal women in Iowa. From 1986 to 2003, 165 cases of incident kidney cancer were identified through a statewide cancer registry.

Results

After adjustment for age and other risk factors, past use of estrogen showed an increased risk of renal cancer (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.13–2.17) when compared to no use. Women with no live birth (RR 1.91, p = 0.02) and women with three to four live births (RR 1.62, p = 0.02) also had an increased risk of kidney cancer when compared with women who had one to two live births. There was also a lower risk of kidney cancer with greater lifetime duration of ovulation.

Conclusion

Although most reproductive variables were not significantly associated with kidney cancer, our study indicates that a greater exposure to estrogens may increase risk for kidney cancer.     

1 251例重复人工流产术后落实不同避孕方法的效果评价

目的：评价重复人工流产术后即时落实不同避孕方法的效果。方法：1 251例重复人工流产者接受流产后服务（PAC）,自愿选择并即时落实避孕方法,随访不同避孕方法的使用情况及不良反应等。结果：所有重复流产者接受PAC后均即时落实避孕措施,其中复方口服避孕药（COC）组随访12个月续用率达31.2%;宫内节育系统（IUS）组随访12个月有3例因有生育要求取出,其余均坚持使用,另外有19例、13例和17例分别于随访3、6、12个月自COC组转入;宫内节育器（IUD）组随访12个月有1例异位妊娠,6例因有生育要求取出,其余均坚持使用,另外有23例、31例和19例分别于随访3、6、12个月自COC组转入。随访中发现部分人群有阴道点滴出血、经量减少、经量增多、闭经、节育环下移和腰酸不适等不良反应,给予处理并充分解释后均继续坚持使用。结论：科学有效的PAC能有效避免重复流产,保护女性生殖健康。     

卵巢恶性肿瘤保留生育功能术后不孕患者促排卵治疗的安全性分析

近年来,随着卵巢恶性肿瘤行保留生育功能手术（FSS）的开展,FSS的安全性、远期预后及对生育力的影响也越来越受到关注。FSS治疗早期上皮性卵巢癌不会明确增加其复发率与死亡率,而卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤无论期别早晚均能行FSS。大部分患者FSS术后能自然受孕,但少部分患者需行辅助生殖技术（ART）受孕。而促排卵治疗对卵巢肿瘤的复发是否有影响是医生和患者共同关注的问题。目前认为早期卵巢癌及卵巢交界性肿瘤行FSS是安全可行的,术后辅助化疗对卵巢功能的影响是部分可逆的,但没有充分的证据表明促排卵治疗会增加术后复发率或引起其他恶性肿瘤,仍需进一步研究证实。现就卵巢恶性肿瘤行FSS以及术后促排卵治疗的安全性进行综述。