心理干预与纤维支气管镜肺活检并发症的相关研究

目的：探讨心理干预与纤维支气管镜肺活检并发症的相关性。方法：将400例纤支镜肺活检病人随机分为对照组和实验组各200例，在常规护理基础上实验组对行支气管肺活检病人强化心理护理以预防并发症的发生。结果：并发症发生率实验组（1％）较对照组（3．5％）明显降低，两组比较，差别有显著性意义。结论：对纤支镜肺活检病人实施积极的心理干预，并发症发生率明显降低，有利于机体康复。     

碘过敏试验与碘剂造影副反应的相关性研究

综合分析了１７４０例行碘试验及ＣＴ增强扫描检查的试验结果及副反应的发生情况。结果：总体副反应的发生率为５％，阴性组０．６％，其余组１００％。弱阳性组轻度反应者占９０．９％，中度占９．１％，无重度反应发生者。结论：碘过敏试验仍是可靠的参考指标。阴性及弱阳性患者应用国产离子型造影剂亦属安全。     

妇产科弥散性血管内凝血抢救成功11例临床分析

目的:总结妇科与产科弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)抢救成功11例体会。方法:将妇科与产科所致急性重症DIC并休克11例病人的临床资料进行分析。结果:本组全部11例病人经及时、迅速、周密、全面、准确综合治疗,均抢救成功出院;除不能再妊娠外,无其它后遗症。结论:弥散性血管内凝血是一类获得性的疾病,发生在许多疾病的病理过程中。本组以产科意外如急性羊水栓塞最多见,妇科感染及肿瘤亦易见。产时急性羊水栓塞是产科的并发症,死亡率高达50％～80％。及时诊断,迅速准确全面救治极为重要及关键,以提高疗效。     

Stage-specific incidence and survival of breast cancer in Norway: The implications of changes in coding and classification practice

To describe the association between coding and classification practices and observed stage-specific incidence and survival trends in Norway over time.We identified all women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the period between 1980 and 2015. Changes in the coding and classification of breast cancer in the study period were described, and stage-specific incidence rates and relative survival were calculated.A total of 90 362 women were diagnosed with primary breast cancer, stage I–IV, or unknown stage, in the study period. Stage-specific incidence was significantly influenced by changes in coding practice, classification systems and the implementation of the screening program. These changes have mostly affected the proportion of stage I and “unknown”, but also stages II, III and IV. The proportion of stage I showed a clear increase during the implementation period of the national screening program, and was most pronounced within the age group 50–69. Stage-specific trends for relative survival were less influenced by changes in coding and classification of stage.Our study showed that the stage-specific incidence trends in Norway were influenced by changes in the coding and classification practice. These findings should be taken into consideration in future research and evaluation related to stage-specific trends and stage migration of breast cancer in Norway.     

运动对绝经后妇女骨密度影响的研究进展

为了进一步探讨运动对绝经后妇女骨密度(BMD)的影响,采用文献资料法,从"什么运动方式可有效提高绝经后妇女BMD"、"多大的运动剂量可有效提高绝经后妇女BMD"、"运动提高绝经后妇女BMD的部位差异"三个方面进行了综述,研究认为各种形式的抗体重运动、休闲运动、抗阻运动都可有效维持绝经后妇女BMD,与抗阻运动相结合的复合运动方式对改善绝经后妇女BMD更有效果。不同运动方式改善绝经后妇女骨密度所需要的剂量有所不同,持续时间高于7个月、频率大于2次/周是有效改善绝经后妇女BMD的最低剂量,持续运动对绝经后妇女BMD的保持作用会随着运动的停止而消失。绝经后妇女腰椎是受运动影响最敏感的部位。不同运动方式所需要的精确剂量,以及如何有效改善绝经后妇女腰椎以外的其他部位BMD是未来研究的主要方向。     

消毒剂杀灭淋球菌的试验方法研究

淋球菌对营养要求特殊,普通培养基上生长较慢。为科学评价化学消毒剂对淋球菌的杀灭效果,采用平板浸润接种法对不同培养基进行比较,以评价杀菌效果的差异。结果,淋球菌在普通营养琼脂和酵母浸膏琼脂上生长的菌落均小于2 mm;在酵母浸膏血琼脂和巧克力琼脂上生长的菌落为2~3 mm,计数回收率高出26%。而平板涂布法的回收菌数低于平板浸润法,其标准差大于平板浸润法。进行悬液定量杀菌试验时,采用酵母浸膏血平板浸润接种方法。观察临床分离的淋球菌和标准菌株对化学消毒剂的抗力,选择抗力较高的标准菌株作有机干扰物试验。用大白兔作为淋球菌感染部位和感染量的试验动物。结果表明,用酵母浸膏血琼脂替代巧克力琼脂培养淋球菌无统计学差异,淋球菌用平板浸润法接种比平板涂布法好。临床分离菌株对化学消毒剂的抗力略低于标准菌株。在30 g/L牛血清白蛋白的存在下,达到消毒要求的消毒剂浓度是PBS菌悬液的消毒剂浓度的5~6倍。淋球菌可通过皮肤、角膜感染大白兔的泌尿系统,可感染角膜菌量为80 cfu。故建议在30 g/L牛血清白蛋白的条件下,淋球菌经消毒剂处理后,下降5个对数值,作为消毒合格标准较可靠。