室内氡暴露居民肺癌p53和k-ras基因突变

目的：检测室内高氡暴露地区居民肺癌P53和k-ras基因突变,方法：采用PCR扩增,PCR－SSCP电泳和序列分析方法。结果：9例标本中有5例p53PCR-SSCP电泳呈阳性结果,其中3例经克隆测序发现有碱基置换,结论：室内氡浓度在200－350Bq.m^-3.a^-1范围内的7例肺癌病例中有5例发生P53基因突变,P53基因突变还可能与肺癌患者的年龄吸烟史有关。     

Generation of platelet progeny

Platelets are derived from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes through a process referred to as proplatelet formation. Recent studies demonstrate that circulating anucleate mouse and human platelets retain the capacity to form bulbar extensions, which resemble megakaryocyte-derived proplatelets. Newly-formed platelets display typical morphology, possess classic platelet constituents, and functional normally. Here we review what is currently known about the formation of platelet progeny.     

Making True Amplitude Angle Domain Common Image Gathers Using Invertible Radon Transform

Converting subsurface offset domain common image gathers (ODCIGs) to angle domain common image gathers (ADCIGs) through a Radon Transform (RT) in either the spatial or wavenumber domain is efficient and valid except for the distortion of both frequency spectrum and amplitude versus angle (AVA) effect. This paper presents two modifications to the existing method to keep the frequency spectrum of the resultant ADCIGs the same as the input data and to preserve the relative amplitudes. The spectrum invariance is achieved by replacing the conventional RT or slant slack by an invertible RT. Amplitude preservation is obtained by applying an amplitude correction factor in the angle domain. Tests on both synthetic and field datasets validate the accuracy of these modifications.     

中药组合物对氡暴露小鼠肺组织及支气管上皮细胞损伤的防护作用

目的 在体内外实验中探讨中药组合物夏丹芪（冬虫夏草、丹参、黄芪）对小鼠氡暴露肺组织损伤的防治效果。方法 建立氡暴露小鼠模型,分为健康对照组、氡暴露组和夏丹芪干预氡暴露组,每组6只。HE和Masson染色观察120 WLM时各组小鼠肺组织病理变化,免疫组织化学法检测肺组织α-SMA蛋白和Vimentin蛋白表达;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）试剂盒检测各组肺组织氧化应激水平。同时,利用生态氡室构建氡暴露细胞模型和氡暴露+夏丹芪干预细胞模型,粘附试剂盒检测不同组细胞粘附能力;Transwell迁移实验确定各组细胞迁移能力;Western blot法检测各组细胞E-cadherin和Vimentin蛋白的表达情况。结果 与氡暴露组相比,2 mg/g夏丹芪干预可使氡暴露小鼠肺组织MDA浓度降低（t=4.43,P<0.05）,SOD活性升高（t=3.22,P<0.05）;肺组织α-SMA和Vimentin蛋白表达降低（t=3.08、7.57,P<0.05）。在体外实验中,与单纯氡暴露组相比,150和200 μg/ml夏丹芪干预后氡暴露细胞迁移能力下降（t=4.78、13.01,P<0.05）,细胞粘附性能增强（t=3.41、12.55,P<0.05）;E-cadherin蛋白表达增高（t=2.96、19.57,P<0.05）,Vimentin蛋白表达明显下降（t=21.00、33.32,P<0.05）。结论 中药组合物夏丹芪可通过降低辐射诱发的氧化应激、减弱氡暴露诱发的上皮细胞间质转化和纤维化,对氡暴露损伤具有一定的辐射防护作用,有望成为氡损伤的辐射防护剂。     

In vivo and ex vivo phagocytic potential of macrophages from progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated diet

This study aimed to investigate the phagocytic potential of macrophages in progeny of breeder hens kept on an OTA-contaminated diet. For this purpose, 84 White Leghorn (WL) layer breeder hens (40-weeks-of-age) were divided into seven groups (A–G). Hens in Group A were fed a commercial layer ration while those in Groups B–G were kept on a diet amended with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, or 10.0?mg OTA/kg, respectively, for up to 3 weeks (n?=?12/treatment group; n?=?4/time sub-group/treatment group). Fertile eggs were set for hatching on a weekly basis to get the progeny of each week separately. Hatched chicks (n?=?10 from each group) were injected with India ink at day 14-of-age to study the in vivo phagocytosis of carbon particles. At day 30, abdominal macrophages were collected from 15 chicks/group and were used to assess their ex vivo/in vitro phagocytic potential against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as well as for nitrite production upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phagocytic indices of the reticuloendothelial system of all three sets of progeny (chicks obtained from hens fed OTA for 7, 14, and 21 days) were significantly lower than values seen with Group A chicks. The number of macrophages that were actively phagocytic, the number of SRBC internalized per macrophage, and the extent of nitrite production after stimulation with LPS were each significantly lower in the cells obtained from chicks of breeder hens that had been maintained on the OTA-contaminated diets. The findings of this study clearly showed that there are immunosuppressive effects—in terms of depressed in vivo and in vitro macrophage functionality—in progeny of OTA-fed breeder hens.     

上海地下公共空间环境氡浓度调查

[目的]选择典型地铁站站台、地下商城(商业街)和地下停车库,对氡浓度现状进行调查与评价,为地下公共空间环境管理提供科学依据。[方法]地下场所空气氡浓度测定采用电子测氡仪(RAD-7)测定空气中的222Rn浓度来实施。[结果]①4个检测地铁站站台中,上海新客站站台的氡浓度水平较低,中山公园站其次,人民广场站和宜山路站较高;②4个检测点中,上海新客站和科技馆站地下商城/商业街的氡浓度水平较低,人民广场站和徐家汇站次之;③上海新客站和上海虹桥站地下停车库的氡浓度较低,而上海浦东国际机场地下车库次之,两者相差达6～10倍。[结论]同一类型地下场所空气氡浓度对比表明,三城市中,上海地下场所/商业街空气氡浓度最低;4城市中,上海地铁站站台空气氡浓度居中;上海地下停车库空气氡浓度低于我国部分城市均值。不同类型地下场所空气氡浓度对比表明,上海地下停车库低于地下商城/商业街,地下商城/商业街低于地铁站站台;上海地下场所空气氡浓度水平高于地面建筑物室内,远低于全国地下室,低于国家职业卫生控制标准。     

金属矿山和瓷厂的粉尘及有害因素

本文为研究金属矿工和瓷厂作业工人的肺癌病因,对4类金属矿(钨、锡,铜、铁)和9个瓷厂作业环境的粉尘,30种化学元素、放射性氡子体、γ射线和17种多环芳烃(PAH)等有害因素作了现场测定,并对各厂矿的历史测尘资料进行了整理分析。结果发现粉尘浓度早期以钨矿为最高。自70年代开始,钨矿降为最低。但游离SiO_2含量以钨矿最高,瓷厂次之,铁矿最低。瓷厂粉尘分散度比矿尘低。元素结果表明,砷、镉以锡矿最高:铁、镍以铁矿最高,这些被认为致癌物和可疑致癌物元素,可能成为矿工的致癌因素之一。井下氡子体仅铜矿超标,故铜矿工肺癌高发可能受氡暴露的影响。PAH 以井下使用柴油铲运机的锡矿、铜矿、铁矿为最高。但因其接触时间不长,其致癌作用还需进一步观察。     

COSEGREGATION OF THE NEW REGION ON CHROMOSOME 3 WITH SALT-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN FEMALE F2 PROGENY FROM STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE AND WISTAR-KYOTO RATS

1. We investigated candidate loci for salt-sensitive high blood pressure (BP) in F2 progeny from crossing Wistar-Kyoto and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2. In female F2 progeny, systolic and diastolic BP on the 12th day and the seventh month after salt loading was strongly liked with the D3Mgh12 and D3Mgh6 loci on chromosome 3, respectively. 3. These loci were linked with BP only in female F2 progeny, not in males. 4. These results indicate that hormonal factors may influence salt sensitivity, particularly with respect to gender differences.     

我国部分城市地下水饮用水氡含量及剂量贡献研究

目的 初步调查我国典型城市地下水饮用水氡水平和分布特征,估算生活用水地下水氡释放所致居民有效剂量。方法 选择北京、内蒙古、宁夏、陕西、河南、辽宁和黑龙江共7个省(自治区、直辖市)的12个典型城市,采集市政地下水供水共73个水样,采用连续测氡仪水氡测量装置测量水氡含量,估算生活用水地下水氡释放所致居民有效剂量。结果 7个省(直辖市)12个城市的地下水饮用水氡含量均值为11.8 Bq/L,范围为1.0~63.8 Bq/L,有37%的样品氡含量超过了美国环境保护部(EPA)推荐的饮用水氡浓度限值11.1 Bq/L。全部样品氡含量低于世界卫生组织(WHO)建议的公共饮用水氡浓度参考水平100 Bq/L。生活用水地下水氡释放所致居民年有效剂量均值为29 μSv(2.4~160 μSv)。结论 通常情况下,生活用水地下水氡释放对居民的剂量份额较低,可以忽略。但是,在一些花岗岩地区,生活用水过程地下水氡释放所致居民的剂量贡献应该引起重视。     

氡及其子体对小鼠血液和骨髓细胞的影响

目的研究氡及其子体对小鼠造血系统的影响。方法观察小鼠外周血血常规的变化及用3H-TdR掺入法观察小鼠骨髓细胞DNA合成能力的变化。结果小鼠吸入氡及其子体后,红细胞压积(HCT)明显下降。高剂量组骨髓细胞3H-TdR掺入量显著减少。结论吸入氡及其子体后可引起贫血症状,并在较高剂量下抑制骨髓细胞DNA合成。