焦亡的分子机制及其在血液肿瘤中的研究进展

焦亡是一种新的程序性细胞死亡类型,它不同于凋亡和坏死,可以由各种细胞内或细胞外刺激引发.焦亡主要由Caspase-1/3/4/5/11和Gasdermin蛋白家族介导产生,具有细胞肿胀、胞膜溶解和炎症因子释放的特点.血液肿瘤亦称恶性血液病,包括急/慢性白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生异常综合征等,以恶性转化的造血...     

IL-1β与IL-18在急性肺损伤中的表达及临床意义

目的 基于细胞焦亡理论研究白介素(IL)-1β与IL-18在急性肺损伤(ALI)中的表达及临床意义.方法 选取2016年1月至2017年1月在广州中医药大学第一附属医院重症医学科收治的符合ALI患者100例为观察组,期间同时招募50例健康体检者为对照组.酶联免疫法检测并比较两组受试者入组后IL-1β及IL-18的血清浓度水平,并比较观察组中存活患者与病死患者血清IL-1β与IL-18的含量.结果 观察组患者经常规治疗后,病死率为38.00%(38/100),而存活率为62.00%(62/100);入组后,两组受试者血清IL-18[(106.43±21.73)pg·mL-1 vs(174.29±36.31)pg·mL-1]与IL-1β[(62.14±15.88)pg·mL-1 vs(94.35±16.23)pg·mL-1]水平比较,对照组均明显低于观察组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在临床结局方面,病死组和存活组患者的IL-1β[(118.32±19.52)pg·mL-1 vs(87.86±16.49)pg·mL-1]与IL-18[(195.64±36.13)pg·mL-1 vs(136.74±23.09)pg·mL-1]水平比较,病死组均明显高于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 细胞焦亡是ALI患者的重要病理机制之一,ALI的发生发展和IL-1β与IL-18的参与有关.     

NOD样受体蛋白1炎性小体在创伤性中枢神经损伤中的作用

NOD样受体蛋白1（NOD-like receptor protein 1,NLRP1）炎性小体在人体固有免疫反应中发挥着重要作用,可促进半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶（cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases,Caspases）的活化,进一步激活白介素-18和白介素-1β,同时介导细胞焦亡,NLRP1炎性小体在创伤性中枢神经损伤中发挥着作用,本文就NLRP1炎性小体的结构、NLRP1炎性小体在创伤性中枢神经损伤中的激活以及以NLRP1炎性小体为靶点的治疗等方面进行了综述。     

Non-apoptotic cell death-based cancer therapy:Molecular mechanism,pharmacological modulators,and nanomedicineOA

As an emerging cancer therapeutic target,non-apoptotic cell death such as ferroptosis,necroptosis and pyroptosis,etc.,has revealed significant potential in cancer treatment for bypassing apoptosis to enhance the undermined therapeutic efficacy triggered by apoptosis resistance.A variety of anticancer drugs,synthesized compounds and natural products have been proven recently to induce non-apoptotic cell death and exhibit excellent anti-tumor effects.Moreover,the convergence of nanotechnology with...     

Inhibition of caspase-1 prolongs survival of mice infected with rabies virus

Rabies virus infects almost all mammals resulting in lethal disease. To date there is no treatment available for symptomatic rabies and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that would prolong survival, thereby providing a window of opportunity for the host to mount a protective immune response. We hypothesized that both virus and excessive immune response contribute to disease and that interfering with both is necessary to prevent lethal disease. Here, we have inhibited the pro-inflammatory response associated with pyroptosis and showed that inhibition of CASP-1 had a beneficial effect on survival time. Our results confirm that some inflammatory responses may be involved in the pathogenesis of severe disease and the results suggest that effective intervention includes inhibition of virus and host response.     

PM2.5 induced lung injury through upregulating ROS-dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis

The main cause of air pollution is PM_2.5, which directly causes lung injury through respiration. Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be the key mechanism of cell damage. Pyroptosis is a process of the programmed death of inflammatory cells and as a dangerous endogenous signal, it is widely involved in different inflammatory diseases. However, few studies have been conducted on PM_2.5 exposure and cell pyroptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PM_2.5 on apoptosis, pyroptosis and cell cycle arrest regulated by reactive oxygen species production. Balb/c mice were exposed to PM_2.5 dynamically and verified by the RAW264.7 cells in vitro. The results showed the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β and reactive oxygen species were caused by exposure to PM_2.5. The maturation of IL-1β relied on Caspase-1, and the active Caspase-1 was related to cell pyroptosis. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and pyroptosis all affected the cell cycle. This study describes a potentially important mechanism of PM_2.5-induced lung damage that PM_2.5 promotes lung injury via upregulating ROS-NLRP3-mediated the RAW264.7 cells pyroptosis.     

Pyroptosis modulation by bacterial effector proteins

Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death featured with membrane pore formation that causes cellular swelling and allows the release of intracellular inflammatory mediators. This cell death process is elicited by the activation of the pore-forming proteins named gasdermins, and is intricately orchestrated by diverse regulatory factors in mammalian hosts to exert a prompt immune response against infections. However, growing evidence suggests that bacterial pathogens have evolved to regulate host pyroptosis for evading immune clearance and establishing progressive infection. In this review, we highlight current understandings of the functional role and regulatory network of pyroptosis in host antibacterial immunity. Thereafter, we further discuss the latest advances elucidating the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens modulate pyroptosis through adopting their effector proteins to drive infections. A better understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying pyroptosis at the interface of host-bacterial interactions will shed new light on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and contribute to the development of promising therapeutic strategies against bacterial pathogens.     

Pyroptosis and its role in cancer

Programmed cell death (PCD) is mediated by specific genes that encode signals. It can balance cell survival and death. Pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory, caspase-dependent PCD mediated by gasdermin proteins, which function in pore formation, cell expansion, and plasma membrane rupture, followed by the release of intracellular contents. Pyroptosis is mediated by caspase-1/3/4/5/11 and is primarily divided into the classical pathway, which is dependent on caspase-1, and the non-classical pathway, which is dependent on caspase-4/5/11. Inflammasomes play a vital role in these processes. The various components of the pyroptosis pathway are related to the occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Research on pyroptosis has revealed new options for tumor treatment. This article summarizes the recent research progress on the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis, the relationship between the various components of the pyroptosis pathway and cancer, and the applications and prospects of pyroptosis in anticancer therapy.     

西格列汀对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞焦亡的影响及其可能机制

目的:研究西格列汀(sitagliptin,SLT)对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞焦亡的影响,并探讨其抑制糖尿病心肌病可能的作用机制。方法:建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,并给予(3、10和30 mg/kg)和sirtuin(SIRT)家族抑制剂尼克酰胺(nicotinamide,NAM;500 mg/kg)灌胃4周。检测空腹血糖,采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测心肌组织中相关蛋白表达。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠心肌组织细胞SIRT3表达下调,而NLRP3表达上调(P0.05),糖尿病大鼠心肌组织发生焦亡的细胞明显增多。灌胃SLT能剂量依赖性地抑制糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞焦亡的发生,并上调SIRT3的表达,下调NLRP3蛋白表达(P0.05);SIRT3非特异性抑制剂NAM(500 mg/kg)能逆转SLT的心脏保护作用,与正常对照组相比,单独给予NAM(500 mg/kg)对正常大鼠心肌细胞SIRT3表达无明显作用,但NLRP3表达上调(P0.05),心肌组织发生焦亡的细胞增多。结论:SLT能抑制糖尿病诱导的心肌细胞焦亡,其作用机制可能涉及SIRT3/NLRP3信号途径。