银杏竹鼠肌肉成分对小鼠智力、体力的影响

目的：观察银杏竹鼠肌肉成分对小鼠智力体力的影响。方法：小鼠随机分为七组，通过喂饲银杏竹鼠肌肉干粉连续一个月，用小鼠低温游泳存活时间实验，耐缺氧实验及跳台和记忆获得障碍实验分别记录低温游泳存活时间，缺氧存活时间及第一次错误潜伏期和跳台错误次数。结果：各竹肉组小鼠与普通饲料（ＮＳ）组，普肉组，护宝液组比较，均可明显延长小鼠低温游泳存活时间和缺氧存活时间（Ｐ＜０．０５），与洋参丸组相当（Ｐ＞０．０５），竹肉大／超组小鼠跳台错误次数均减少（Ｐ＜０．０５），竹肉超组小鼠第一次错误潜伏期延长（Ｐ＜０．０５），竹肉大组小鼠第一次错误潜伏期有延长趋势，但无统计学意义。结论：口服银杏竹鼠肌肉成分可增强小鼠学习记忆能力，增强小鼠体质，提高小鼠生活质量。这一结果也提示银杏竹鼠肌肉成分很有可能成为极有应用前景和开发前景的保健食品。     

Caring for the Involuntarily Hospitalized Adolescent: The Issue of Power in the Nurse-Patient Relationship

TOPIC: The power relations between involuntarily hospitalized adolescents and their caregivers from the viewpoint of theory development in nursing and the concept of medicalization. PURPOSE: To contribute to the development of nursing theories that can guide nursing care of involuntarily hospitalized adolescents by examining the power relations between the adolescents and their caregivers. SOURCES: Published literature in medical sociology, and nursing and psychiatric ethics. Nursing and psychiatric literature, in which Michel Foucault's theories are used to explicate the disciplinary power of psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: To empower involuntarily hospitalized adolescents nurses must both recognize the inevitable power imbalance and seek guidance from the egalitarian ideals of nursing. Nurses can draw from postmodern thinkers who dismiss the idea that one theory can explain human relationships.     

How many subjects are needed in a longitudinal birth cohort study?

One of the first decisions that needs to be taken when planning a birth cohort concerns the size of the study. This in turn will depend on the research questions to be answered and thence whether environmental exposures and outcomes are measured on a continuum or as dichotomous variables. Here we describe ways in which different birth cohorts have addressed this issue and explore the advantages of smaller detailed studies over larger less-detailed studies.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管的热力损伤

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤的原因、特点、处理及预防方法。方法回顾总结我院1992-2002年间收治的腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤的8例临床资料。结果6例表现为穿孔性损伤：右肝管损伤1例，肝总管损伤4例，胆总管损伤1例，经过1次或1次以上手术治疗后痊愈；2例表现为延迟性胆管狭窄，均为肝总管损伤，再次手术后痊愈。随访1．5～9年，无胆管狭窄。结论与机械性胆管损伤相比，腹腔镜胆囊切除术致胆管热力损伤具有一定的特点，且其病情复杂、处理困难、处理方法灵活多样；娴熟的腹腔镜技术、正确掌握中转开腹指征以及丰富的胆道外科经验是预防和处理胆道热力损伤的关键。     

CT、MRI对肾上腺病变的诊断分析

目的:分析探讨CT、MRI诊断对肾上腺病变的作用与价值。方法:MarconiMX8000 4层螺旋CT机,增强造影剂使用非离子型制剂,常规扫描及增强。应用西门子MAGNETOM1.5T磁共振机,增强造影剂使用Gd-DTPA制剂,常规T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制、化学位移同反相位及增强。对25例经手术及病理资料诊断证实的肾上腺病变进行CT、MRI诊断回顾性分析。结果:可清楚显示肾上腺病变的侧别、数目、大小、范围及可能的性质。结论:CT是肾上腺病变最佳影像检查方法,MRI具有重要辅助及补充诊断价值。     

人脑外伤后皮层核因子-κB的表达

目的 探讨核因子-κB（nuclear factor—κB，NF—κB）在人创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury，TBI）后挫伤皮层中的表达情况，包括表达位置、表达强度和表达时相。方法 挫伤区皮层的标本来自24例TBI患者，取样时间为伤后5h-5d，利用凝胶电泳迁移分析法（electrophoretic mobility shift assay，EMSA）和免疫组化技术测定NF—κB的活性和表达强度。结果 在人TBI后的挫伤区皮层中，NF—κB表达明显上调，表达高峰为伤后48—72h，NF—κBP65主要在血管内皮细胞和神经胶质细胞中表达，NF—κBP50主要在神经胶质细胞和少量神经元中表达，NF—κBP65的表达强度高于NF—κBP50。结论 NF—κB在人TBI后的挫伤区皮层中表达上调，提示其可能在TBI后的病理生理过程中起着重要作用。     

高功率微波辐照对大鼠血睾屏障通透性的影响

目的 探讨高功率微波（HPM）辐照大鼠睾丸对血睾屏障的影响。方法 雄性SD大鼠35只，随机分为7组，每组5只。6组为辐照组，1组为对照组。于辐照后2、6、12、4．8、96h和8d活杀大鼠后取双侧睾丸组织各约1mm^3，镧-醛固定液固定后制备电镜标本，在透射电镜下进行观察。结果 对照组可见硝酸镧主要沉积在曲细精管基膜部和精原细胞周围，未越过紧密连接；辐照后2-6h电镜下所见与对照组大致相同；辐照后12-96h，从基底部到管腔面的各层生精细胞之间、支持细胞内都有大量的镧颗粒沉积；辐照后8d，仍可见细胞间隙增大，部分区域靠近精子表面的镧颗粒沉积甚至比前面时间点的更为严重。结论 高功率微波辐照能够改变细胞的通透性，破坏血睾屏障的保护作用。     

Image technique optimization in MR imaging of a titanium alloy joint prosthesis

The purpose of this study was to explore systematically the effect of the imaging parameters changeable by the user in spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences to minimize image distortion when imaging joint prostheses. A titanium alloy hip joint prosthesis was studied at 1.0 T. The SE imaging parameters were bandwidth/pixel (BW/p), TE, strength of encoding gradients (matrix size), echo train length (ETL), and direction of phase and frequency encoding. The effect of ETL in rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced (RARE) sequences was also evaluated with a turbo-SE sequence using a different ETL with the same TR and an effective TE. It is concluded that an optimized image quality can be achieved in SE imaging by using a high bandwidth/pixel value (at least 130 Hz/pixel), a high resolution matrix (256–512), sequences with multiple refocusing, and a frequency-encoding axis parallel to the long axis of the prosthesis. The degree of distortion is reduced with this optimized technique.     

Selection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for Association Studies in Candidate Genes

Comparison of polymorphic sites such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a gene between cases and controls may be useful for establishing a role of this gene in disease susceptibility. The approach includes two steps: the first step is the discovery of the different SNPs within the candidate gene and the second step is the association testing per se that can be done on the entire set of sites discovered or on a subset of these sites only. Selecting a subset of sites may increase the power to detect the association with the candidate gene since a smaller number of tests would then be performed. We proposed a strategy to select sites within a candidate gene and applied it on the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 candidate gene data. Using these selected sites, we detected an association with candidate genes 1 and 6. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

核因子-κB与创伤的关系及其在法医病理学中的应用

损伤时间推断是法医病理学的一个研究热点和难点。核因子-κB(NF-κB)是一种核转录调节蛋白,参与多种炎性介质的转录和调控。近年来研究发现NF-κB与机体创伤后的反应密切相关,其在损伤后的时序性表达可望在法医病理学用于损伤时间推断。