Intracerebral delivery of Carboplatin in combination with either 6 MV Photons or monoenergetic synchrotron X-rays are equally efficacious for treatment of the F98 rat glioma

Background

The purpose of the present study was to compare side-by-side the therapeutic efficacy of a 6-day infusion of carboplatin, followed by X-irradiation with either 6 MV photons or synchrotron X-rays, tuned above the K-edge of Pt, for treatment of F98 glioma bearing rats.

Methods

Carboplatin was administered intracerebrally (i.c.) to F98 glioma bearing rats over 6 days using Alzet^TM osmotic pumps starting 7 days after tumor implantation. Radiotherapy was delivered in a single 15 Gy fraction on day 14 using a conventional 6 MV linear accelerator (LINAC) or 78.8 keV synchrotron X-rays.

Results

Untreated control animals had a median survival time (MeST) of 33 days. Animals that received either carboplatin alone or irradiation alone with either 78.8 keV or 6 MV had a MeSTs 38 and 33 days, respectively. Animals that received carboplatin in combination with X-irradiation had a MeST of > 180 days with a 55% cure rate, irrespective of whether they were irradiated with either 78.8 KeV synchrotron X-rays or 6MV photons.

Conclusions

These studies have conclusively demonstrated the equivalency of i.c. delivery of carboplatin in combination with X-irradiation with either 6 MV photons or synchrotron X-rays.     

MR imaging-guided interstitial Nd:YAG laser phototherapy: dosimetry study of acute tissue damage in an in vivo model.

A dosimetry study of acute tissue damage induced by interstitial application of the neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was performed with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The MR appearance of the lesion was correlated with gross and histopathologic findings. Seventy-six lesions were induced in rabbit muscle with laser power outputs of 5-20 W and exposure times of 20-600 seconds. MR imaging was performed immediately after laser exposure. T2-weighted spin-echo images clearly showed the acute thermal injuries caused by laser energy deposition and correlated best with histopathologic findings. These images showed three distinct layers, corresponding to central ablation, coagulative necrosis, and interstitial edema, respectively, in the pathologic findings. Lesion diameters measured on MR images showed a linear correlation with those in gross sections. Lesion volume increased not only with increasing total energy delivered but with increasing power output for a fixed total energy delivered. MR imaging is an accurate modality for dosimetry studies of laser-induced acute lesions.     

Measurement and comparison of prostate treatment dose to the femoral heads with 6-MV versus 10-MV photon energies

The purpose of this paper is to compare the femoral head dose distribution of 6-MV x-rays vs. 10-MV x-rays when treating prostate patients using a 4-field initial box technique with a Michigan technique boost. First, tissue maximum ratio (TMR) calculations were utilized to project the expected dose contributions to the femoral heads from each energy based upon the average male pelvis. Then, plans for both the 6- and 10-MV energies were developed for 5 prostate patients using the ADAC Pinnacle[3] (Milpitas, CA) treatment planning computer. Average doses and dose gradients were determined by examination of isodose curves. The dose contributions to the femoral heads were analyzed and compared with the tolerance dose (TD) 5/5 for this region. No significant dose differences existed between the 6- and 10-MV photon energies. This conclusion was supported by examination of point doses at depths of 3, 6, 12, and 15 cm for each energy.     

100eV～20MeV单能光子照射量因子与照射量-剂量换算系数的计算

基于新的W值和质能吸收系数,计算了100ew～20MeV能区单能光子照射量因子，期结果可能以修正ICRP21号建议值。     

A comparison of neutron rbe values for normal canine lung by densitometry,pulmonary function and radionuclide studies

Thirty-nine adult male beagles received either fast neutron or photon irradiation to the right thorax. there were two unirradiated control dogs. Twenty-four dogs received fast neutrons with a mean energy of 15 MeV to total doses of 1000, 1500, 2250, or 3375 rad delivered in four fractions per week for six weeks. Fifteen dogs received total doses of 3000, 4500, or 6750 rad of photons (⁶⁰Co) in the same fractionation pattern. Radionuclide evaluations of pulmonary function were performed pre-irradiation and every three months post-irradiation for two years. These included: (1) radioaerosol deposition of ^99mTc-phytate, an insoluble radiocolloid, (2) ¹³³Xe ventilation studies and (3) ^99mTc-macroaggregated albumin perfusion images. A chest radiograph taken prior to each radionuclide evaluation was measured for density changes. Mechanical properties of pulmonary function were studied pre-irradiation and at 3-month intervals post-irradiation for one year. Values for the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast, neutrons in producing changes in these parameters were obtained by plotting the changes from pre-irradiation values in the right lung as a function of the total dose. The RBE for neutron damage to normal lung tissue was always greater than 4 in the clinical dose range of 4000–6000 rad of photons, regardless of the parameter that was used to generate the value.     

浸润型胸腺瘤术后单能与混合能量光子束调强放疗计划剂量学分析

目的 比较浸润型胸腺瘤术后患者单能与混合能量光子束调强放射治疗(IMRT)计划之间剂量学差异,探讨混合能量光子束计划在临床的应用价值。方法 随机抽取12例胸腺瘤术后病例的CT定位图像,在治疗计划系统上勾画临床靶体积(CTV)并外扩为计划靶体积(PTV)、危及器官(OAR)及其他正常组织。每个病例分别制定6和10 MV与混合能量光子束的3种固定野调强放疗(FF-IMRT)计划,优化与计算剂量后统计各种计划的机器跳数(MU),并使用剂量体积直方图(DVH)工具比较PTV的体积剂量、适形指数(CI)、均匀指数(HI)和OAR剂量。结果 PTV近似最大剂量D_2%混合能量光子束计划优于6 MV光子束(t=3.107,P <0.05);6 MV光子束HI与混合能量光子束计划比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.924,P<0.05);CI三者之间差异均有统计学意义。6 MV计划的MU大于10 MV及混合光子束计划。双侧肺V₅、V₁₀、V₂₀、V₃₀和平均剂量(D_mean)指标各个类型计划之间大部分差异有统计学意义,且混合能量光子束计划优于其他两种计划。心脏V₃₀、V₄₀指标6 MV与混合光子计划的结果接近,但均优于10 MV光子束的计划。结论 混合能量光子束IMRT计划如果合理选择射野角度和射野数量,依据入射角度选择光子束的能量,可充分利用低能及高能光子束的不同特点,总体上可以改善IMRT计划的质量,对于浸润型胸腺瘤术后病例具有一定的临床参考价值。     

医用加速器8MVX射线在水模体中的一阶散射X射线能谱的蒙特卡罗计算

目的：分析医用电子直线加速器的高能X射线与水模体相互作用过程中所产生的一次散射光子的能谱角分布和光子强度角分布。方法：利用蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序Geant4,模拟粒子输运过程．计算加速器8MeV高能X射线能谱,并根据在水模体中实际测量的PDD吸收曲线为依据,修正蒙特卡洛计算的能谱;并以此能谱为虚拟源能谱,通过对X射线与水模体相互作用后的光子一电子联合输运过程进行蒙特卡罗模拟的方法获取有关散射X线能谱数据。结果：用蒙特卡洛方法得到加速器8MV初始X射线与水模体作用产生的一次散射光子的散射光子强度和散射光子能量随散射角度变化的规律。结论：根据ICRP85出版物、ICRU44报告给出的数据,可以用组织平均原子序数作为组织等效原子序数;因此,组织密度变化在物理上反映了组织的原子密度的变化,当入射光子注量改变,模体密度变化时。仅引起相互作用的总截面相对于原子微分截面的线性变化,并不影响一阶散射X射线的散射光子的相对强度角分布和散射光子能量角分布。而散射光子发射的绝对量与初始X射线强度、组织的原子密度成正比。因此,一次散射光子的注量角分布、平均能量角分布结果可形成可调用的数据库,对快速蒙特卡洛计算很有意义。     

Delayed luminescence of high homeopathic potencies on sugar globuli

Delayed luminescence signals of Arg.met. CMf (100Mf), Canth. CMf, Bov. CMf absorbed onto sugar globuli was observed by exciting them at their known resonance frequency of 2.060 MHz. Arn. CMf also showed delayed luminescence when excited at 2.060 MHz and at 1.828 MHz. Alc. LMK (50MK) could not be excited by 2.060 MHz and showed properties of control globuli. Canth. LMK could not be excited at 2.006 MHz. The delayed luminescence signals were characterized by the coefficient B(2) typical of the delayed luminescence of non-living complex systems, and by the coefficient B(0) typical of living systems. Both coefficients can be considered as indicative of holistic quantum structures in homeopathic potencies.     

Visible Light Trapping against Charge Recombination in FeOx–TiO2 Photonic Crystal Photocatalysts

Tailoring metal oxide photocatalysts in the form of heterostructured photonic crystals has spurred particular interest as an advanced route to simultaneously improve harnessing of solar light and charge separation relying on the combined effect of light trapping by macroporous periodic structures and compositional materials’ modifications. In this work, surface deposition of FeO_x nanoclusters on TiO₂ photonic crystals is investigated to explore the interplay of slow-photon amplification, visible light absorption, and charge separation in FeO_x–TiO₂ photocatalytic films. Photonic bandgap engineered TiO₂ inverse opals deposited by the convective evaporation-induced co-assembly method were surface modified by successive chemisorption-calcination cycles using Fe(III) acetylacetonate, which allowed the controlled variation of FeO_x loading on the photonic films. Low amounts of FeO_x nanoclusters on the TiO₂ inverse opals resulted in diameter-selective improvements of photocatalytic performance on salicylic acid degradation and photocurrent density under visible light, surpassing similarly modified P25 films. The observed enhancement was related to the combination of optimal light trapping and charge separation induced by the FeO_x–TiO₂ interfacial coupling. However, an increase of the FeO_x loading resulted in severe performance deterioration, particularly prominent under UV-Vis light, attributed to persistent surface recombination via diverse defect d-states.