Uptake of breast screening and associated factors among Hong Kong women aged ≥50 years: a population-based survey

ObjectiveTo examine the uptake of breast screening and its associated factors among Hong Kong Chinese women aged ≥50 years.Study designCross-sectional population-based survey.MethodsA sample of Hong Kong Chinese women was recruited through telephone random-digit dialling. The survey consisted of six sections: perceived health status, use of complementary medicine, uptake of breast screening, perceived susceptibility to cancer, family history of cancer and demographic data. The factors associated with uptake of breast screening were analysed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn total, 1002 women completed the (anonymous) telephone survey. The mean age was 63.5 (standard deviation 10.6) years. The uptake rate of breast screening among Hong Kong Chinese women aged ≥50 years was 34%. The primary reasons for undertaking breast screening were as part of a regular medical check-up (74%), prompted by local signs and symptoms (11%) and a physician's recommendation (7%). Higher educational level, married or cohabiting, family history of cancer, frequent use of complementary therapies, regular visits to a doctor or Chinese herbalist, and the recommendation of a health professional were all independently and significantly associated with increased odds of having had a mammogram.ConclusionsThis study provides community-based evidence of the need for public health policy to promote broader use of mammography services among this target population, with emphasis on the active involvement of health care professionals, through the development and implementation of appropriate evidence-based and resource-sensitive strategies.     

EMAS position statement: Individualized breast cancer screening versus population-based mammography screening programmes

Introduction

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women, with slightly more than ten percent developing the disease in Western countries. Mammography screening is a well established method to detect breast cancer.

Aims

The aim of the position statement is to review critically the advantages and shortcomings of population based mammography screening.

Materials and methods

Literature review and consensus of expert opinion.

Results and conclusion

Mammography screening programmes vary worldwide. Thus there are differences in the age at which screening is started and stopped and in the screening interval. Furthermore differences in screening quality (such as equipment, technique, resolution, single or double reading, recall rates) result in a sensitivity varying from 70% to 94% between studies. Reporting results of screening is subject to different types of bias such as overdiagnosis. Thus because of the limitations of population-based mammography screening programmes an algorithm for individualized screening is proposed.     

Dosimetric and Contrast Noise Ratio Comparison of Three Different Digital Imaging Technologies in Mammography

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to compare the three most common technologies available in digital mammography based in the evaluation of average glandular dose and contrast noise ratio (CNR).MethodThe average glandular dose was estimated with a direct digital detector (aSe) with a pixel size of 0.85 μm, a photon counter with a pixel size of 50 μm and a computerized radiography (CR) system. A semiconductor detector was used to measure the input kerma to the detector, and the average glandular dose was calculated from the conversion factors dependent on the anode filter combination, half value layer and breast glandularity.ResultsThe average glandular dose obtained with polymethyl methacrylate and CNR of mean thickness 4.5 cm using direct digital equipment was 1.02 mGy and CNR = 7.4; using the photon counter it was 0.43 mGy and CNR = 4.7 in C100 mode, and 0.64 mGy and CNR = 5.7 in C120 mode; and using the photostimulable CR, the estimated value was 1.65 mGy and CNR = 5.1.ConclusionsThe photon counter offers a lower average glandular dose than the other two devices with adequate image quality (CNR). The CR equipment offers a similar CNR value but delivers a higher dose than the new generations of available mammograms.     

Good reasons to implement quality assurance in nationwide breast cancer screening programs in Croatia and Serbia: Results from a pilot study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the need for and the possible achievements of a comprehensive QA programme and to look at effects of simple corrective actions on image quality in Croatia and in Serbia. The paper focuses on activities related to the technical and radiological aspects of QA. The methodology consisted of two phases. The aim of the first phase was the initial assessment of mammography practice in terms of image quality, patient dose and equipment performance in selected number of mammography units in Croatia and Serbia. Subsequently, corrective actions were suggested and implemented. Then the same parameters were re-assessed. Most of the suggested corrective actions were simple, low-cost and possible to implement immediately, as these were related to working habits in mammography units, such as film processing and darkroom conditions. It has been demonstrated how simple quantitative assessment of image quality can be used for optimisation purposes. Analysis of image quality parameters as OD, gradient and contrast demonstrated general similarities between mammography practices in Croatia and Serbia. The applied methodology should be expanded to larger number of hospitals and applied on a regular basis.     

Intraductal papilloma of the breast in association with preoncogenic gene of breast cancer

We reported a case of an African American woman who went to the hospital with palpable right breast lump with bloody nipple discharge at University of Texas Medical Branct at Galvestion. The modalities of breast imagings included mammography and ultrasongraphy. The method used for viral identification was Linear Array HPV genotyping test. Intraductal papilloma revealed as high density tubular or rounded lobular masses with partially circumscribed, obscured margins and clustered punctate microcalcifications on mammograms. Ultrasound showed as intraductal masses with dilated ducts. The core biopsy demonstrated duct filled with papillary lesion and post excision revealed intraductal papilloma. HPV DNA types 16, 33, 58 and 71 were detected after use of Linear Array HPV genotyping test.     

乳腺癌CR钼钯与彩色多普勒超声检查的对比与临床应用研究

目的探讨乳腺癌CR与彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)检查的影像学征象并对比。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的112例乳腺癌的影像学征象特点。结果112例乳腺癌CR钼钯诊断与CDFI进行检查诊断其敏感性分别为94.7%、83.9%,特异性分别为96.4%、89.3%,准确性分别为92.8%、85.7%。结论CR钼钯及CDFI均为乳腺癌诊断优秀检查方法,肿块及钙化是CR钼钯诊断乳腺癌的特征表现。     

Racial and Geographic Differences in Mammography Screening in St. Louis City: A Multilevel Study

To examine racial differences in mammography use and its determinants in the City of St. Louis, MO, USA, we recruited women age 40 or older using random-digit dialing to (1) examine the difference in mammography use between white women and African American women and (2) identify individual- and census-tract-level risk factors of nonadherence to mammography. During telephone interviews, we inquired about mammography use and several demographic, psychosocial, and health behavior variables. We determined the residential census tracts of study subjects using a geographic information system. The rate of mammography use was 68.0% among white women and 74.7% among African American women (P = 0.022). African American women were more likely to have mammograms than white woman (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-2.69). System-level barriers to mammography and heavy smoking were associated with lower mammography use among both white and African American women. Personal-experience barriers to mammography and no physician recommendation also were independently associated with mammography use among white women. White women residing within a historic geographic cluster area of late-stage breast cancer were less likely to have mammograms (adjusted OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.22-0.80), while African American women residing within a historic geographic cluster area of late-stage breast cancer were equally likely to have mammograms (adjusted OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.28-2.24). Neither individual- nor census-tract-level socioeconomic status was associated with mammography screening. These findings suggest that there may be a greater need for increasing mammography use among white women, especially in the historic cluster area of late-stage breast cancer in St. Louis.     

钼靶及核芯针微创活检诊断触诊阴性的乳腺癌

目的:探讨触诊阴性的乳腺癌钼靶表现,评价核芯针微创活检的临床运用价值。方法:31例触诊阴性的乳腺癌均行常规钼靶摄片,21例采用X线立体定位系统装置、配套的自动弹射活检枪及核芯针进行微创活检。所有病例均经手术病理证实。结果:钼靶片表现为簇状钙化21例,孤立结节2例,局限性致密或结构紊乱4例,放射状毛刺影4例,21例活检病理结果导管原位癌6例,小叶原位癌1例,浸润性导管癌14例,21例行核芯针微创活检病例术后病理结果导管原位癌5例,小叶原位癌1例,浸润性导管癌15例。结论:钼靶对检出触诊阴性的乳腺癌具有重要价值,核芯针微创活检可获得准确的病理组织学结果。     

乳腺疾病钼靶X线征象探讨

目的明确乳腺疾病的钼靶摄影征象，探讨钼靶在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法总结分析我院从512例乳腺疾病钼靶X线摄影中检出，并经手术和病理证实为乳腺肿瘤35例，其中乳腺良性肿瘤26例，乳腺癌9例。结果9例乳腺癌X线显示肿块影5例，有钙化灶1例。良性肿瘤X线征象为密度均匀、边缘光滑、椭圆或圆形肿块，周围有环形透亮带。结论钼靶X线乳腺摄影是诊断乳腺肿瘤的首选方法，特别是乳腺癌的主要直接征象和间接征象在乳腺癌的早期诊断中具有重要意义。     

The Effect of Patient Navigation on Time to Diagnosis,Anxiety, and Satisfaction in Urban Minority Women with Abnormal Mammograms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Delay in follow-up after an abnormal mammogram is associated with advanced disease stage, poorer survival, and increased anxiety. Despite the implementation of many patient navigator programs across the country, there are few published, peer-reviewed studies documenting its effectiveness. We tested the effectiveness of a patient navigator in improving timeliness to diagnosis, decreasing anxiety, and increasing satisfaction in urban minority women after an abnormal mammogram. Women with suspicious mammograms were randomly assigned to usual care (N = 50) or usual care plus intervention with a patient navigator (N = 55). There were no demographic differences between the two groups. Women in the intervention group had shorter times to diagnostic resolution (mean 25.0 vs. 42.7 days; p = .001), with 22% of women in the control group without a final diagnosis at 60 days vs. 6% in the intervention group. The intervention group also had lower mean anxiety scores (decrease of 8.0 in intervention vs. increase of 5.8 in control; p < .001), and higher mean satisfaction scores (4.3 vs. 2.9; p < .001). Patient navigation is an effective strategy to improve timely diagnostic resolution, significantly decrease anxiety, and increase patient satisfaction among urban minority women with abnormal mammograms.