Sepiapterin reduces postischemic injury in the rat heart

A reduced availability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for NO-synthesis, is causally involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction associated with ischemia/reperfusion. We, therefore, investigated the effect of sepiapterin, a substrate for BH4 synthesis, on postischemic injury in myocardial infarction and myocardial stunning. In rats, myocardial stunning was induced by repetitive ischemia (5×10-min ligature of the left coronary artery, 5×20-min reperfusion) and myocardial infarction by 50-min ligature and 60-min reperfusion. Myocardial blood flow was determined by H₂-clearance, regional myocardial function by pulsed Doppler and infarct size by tetrazolium staining. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured as a marker of neutrophil extravasation. cGMP was determined in rat serum as an indicator of increased NO synthesis. In animals treated with sepiapterin, regional myocardial function was significantly improved in both myocardial stunning and infarction and infarct size was significantly reduced. MPO activity decreased with sepiapterin treatment in both models. The systemic level of cGMP was reduced both following myocardial stunning and myocardial infarction in the control group. Pretreatment with sepiapterin induced a significant increase of cGMP level at the end of the protocol in both models. Substitution of sepiapterin reduces postischemic injury both in myocardial stunning and infarction apparently by ameliorating the availability of NO, thereby attenuating the activation of neutrophils in ischemia/reperfusion.     

An Enterobacter cloacae toxin able to generate oxidative stress and to provoke dose-dependent lysis of leukocytes

We investigated an Enterobacter cloacae strain exhibiting high hemolytic and leukotoxic activity. Monomeric and polymeric forms of the toxin showed similar effects on blood cells, although the polymer was more active than the monomer. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that both forms of the FITC-labeled toxin interacted with leukocytes, principally with neutrophils. Prelytic concentrations of polymeric and monomeric toxin significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. Conversely, lytic concentrations of both toxin forms showed an increase followed by a decrease of ROS due to neutrophil damage. Monocytes did not show oxidative stress at all the toxin concentrations assayed. The toxin-neutrophil interaction at prelytic concentrations of toxin-stimulated ROS production and led to oxidative stress with subsequent cell death by apoptosis. However, high concentrations of E. cloacae toxin damaged leukocytes, producing lysis before the trigger of apoptosis, which suggests that the toxic effect is concentration dependent. The inhibition of oxidative stress observed with genistein and chloroquine suggests a potential involvement of the tyrosine kinase and nitric oxide synthesis pathways in E. cloacae toxin-mediated elevation of ROS.     

Heparin protects against skin flap necrosis: relationship to neutrophil recruitment and anti-coagulant activity

Objective and design: Heparin has been shown to improve survival of surgical skin flaps. However, it is not known whether the protective effect of heparin is related to its anticoagulative or anti-inflammatory effects.Methods: Surgical flaps were raised in the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats. Neutrophil recruitment was determined by measuring the tissue content of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and clotting time was estimated by assessment of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in plasma.Results: Administration of heparin (150 U/kg) significantly increased skin flap survival from 44% in vehicle-treated controls to 91%. This heparin treatment increased APTT by 4.5 fold. However, administration of 150 U/kg of heparin had no effect on skin flap neutrophil recruitment. In contrast, we found that the polysaccharide fucoidan reduced MPO and also improved skin flap survival.Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate that protective effect of clinically relevant doses of heparin correlates with its ability to prolong clotting time and not to inhibition of neutrophil accumulation in the healing of skin flaps.Received 17 July 2003; accepted by N. Boughton-Smith 16 September 2003     

家兔油酸中毒性肺水肿时肺血流动力学改变

用创伤性和非创伤性方法监测家兔肺血液动力学及心功能的改变,用肺循环逆流灌洗法对肺微循环中微栓及白细胞进行计数。结果显示油酸性肺水肿时平均肺动脉压及肺血管阻力分别升高49%和464%;平均肺血流量下降42%。心阻抗参数与注油酸前比Zo明显增加,SV,CO,CI都有明显下降(P<0.01)。肺微循环逆流灌洗液中微栓和白细胞比对照组明显增加(P<0.01)。肺重量增加1倍,但水肿液中水份所占比例(90.6%)与血浆中水份(91.5%)相接近。提示油酸性肺水肿时肺血液动力学改变显著,但不是肺水肿发病的根本因素;油酸性肺水肿时存在心功能减弱,机制有待于研究;白细胞在肺中滞留是油酸引起的病理反应,但非原发性病因学因素,微栓对肺损伤的作用尚不明确。     

郑州地区183例临床输血不良反应回顾性分析

目的分析本地区不同血液制品的输血不良反应发生率的情况,为血站采用血液制品精细化管理来有效预防输血不良反应提供理论依据。方法统计2017年1～12月河南省红十字血液中心发放至郑州市签订供血合同医院的各类血液制品,收集并查阅同期医院反馈的183例临床输血反应反馈单,记录血液制品种类和输血不良反应类型,比较不同血液制品不良反应的发生率,统计分析不同血液制品引起输血不良反应类型的差异。结果 2017年1～12月共发放血液制品751 490袋,发生输血反应183例,输血不良反应总发生率0. 024%(183/751 490),其中全血、悬浮红细胞、去白悬浮红细胞、普通冰冻血浆和病毒灭活血浆的不良反应发生率分别为1. 869%(2/107)、0. 052%(89/172 366)、0. 024%(15/62 247)、0. 030%(47/155 337)和0. 005%(7/147 460)。输血不良反应以过敏和发热为主,过敏的患者中,由普通冰冻血浆引起的输血反应38例(40. 43%)高于病毒灭活血浆6例(6. 38%),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);发热的患者中,由悬浮红细胞引起的输血反应54例(75. 00%)高于去白悬浮红细胞6例(8. 33%),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论全血的输血不良反应发生率最高,其次为悬浮红细胞和普通冰冻血浆;去白悬浮红细胞和病毒灭活血浆可以显著减少输血不良反应的发生率。     

功能性消化不良患者的外周血白细胞分析

背景　功能性消化不良（FD）是我国消化系统的常见病、多发病,既往研究较少关注患者的临床检验指标。目的　观察FD患者外周血白细胞情况,并分析其与健康者之间的差异。方法　选取2016-2018年就诊于中日友好医院脾胃病科门诊且确诊为FD的患者为FD组（n=87）,选取同期于本院工作的健康职工及行体检的健康志愿者为对照组（n=45）。收集两组外周血白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞分数、嗜酸粒细胞计数情况,进行异常率和具体数值的比较;并对两组不同性别的人群进行白细胞分析。结果　FD组女性所占比例高于对照组（P<0.05）。FD组白细胞计数异常者15例,均表现为偏低;对照组白细胞总数异常者1例,也表现为偏低。FD组中性粒细胞计数异常者16例,均表现为偏低;对照组中性粒细胞计数异常者1例,也表现为偏低。FD组中性粒细胞分数异常者4例,其中1例表现为偏低,3例表现为偏高;对照组中性粒细胞分数异常者3例,其中2例表现为偏低,1例表现为偏高。FD组嗜酸粒细胞计数异常者2例,均表现为偏高;健康组嗜酸粒细胞计数异常者1例,表现为偏高。FD组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数异常率高于对照组（P<0.05）。FD组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数低于对照组（P<0.05）。女性FD患者白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数低于健康女性（P<0.05）。结论　FD患者白细胞计数及中性粒细胞计数较健康人群偏低,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数异常率较健康人群高,且这种现象在女性FD患者中更突出。     

电离辐射对放射工作人员白细胞影响的Meta分析

目的 运用Meta分析方法探讨电离辐射暴露对放射工作人员白细胞的影响,为加强辐射防护和保障放射工作人员健康提供依据.方法 联合检索1998-2016年在《中国知网》、《万方数字化期刊数据库》、《维普中文科技期刊数据库》等数据库,对文献按纳入与剔除标准整理后进行Meta分析,探讨电离辐射对放射工作人员白细胞影响程度.结果 电离辐射致放射工作人员白细胞异常的风险,暴露组是对照组的3.83(95％ CI:3.08～4.58)倍.结论 电离辐射与放射工作人员的白细胞异常率有显著相关性.     

Prevalence of chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adults among an apparently healthy population living on the island of Crete

 The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adults (CINA) among an apparently healthy population born and living on the island of Crete. The study was carried out with 778 subjects, 392 men aged 16–78 years (median 43 years) and 386 women aged 15–79 years (median 40 years). All were employees of the Medical School or the adjacent University hospital and members of their families. Among these there were 64 subjects (8.23%) who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of CINA applied in our department. Mild neutropenia (neutrophils 1700–2499/μl) accounted for 6.81% and moderate neutropenia (neutrophils 600–1699/μl) for the remaining 1.41%. No cases of CINA with severe neutropenia (neutrophils below 600/μl) were found. CINA was more frequent in women, with a women to men ratio of about 3 : 2. Approximately two thirds of the cases appeared in patients aged 30–59 years. Concomitant thrombocytopenia was found in three of the 64 subjects with CINA. Neutropenic subjects had chronic (perennial) rhinitis 3.4 times more frequently than non-neutropenics. No influence of occupation, use of insecticides and pesticides, contact with industrial chemicals, or administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the development of CINA was documented. We conclude that, despite the biased character of the study (population not randomly selected), our data provide a valuable estimation of the prevalence of CINA in the general population, given that our sample was sufficiently large, was derived from all major regions of the island, and was composed of subjects of both genders and of all age-groups from 15 to 79 years. Received: September 10, 1998 / Accepted: February 11, 1999     

C-reactive protein and leukocyte count in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and its possible advantage, if any, over leukocyte counts in acute appendicitis in children. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 124 children (72 males) with a mean age of 9.3 (range, 2–14) years operated on under a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis, confirmed by pathologic examination of the removed appendix, was then correlated with C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, and a combination of both C-reactive protein and leukocyte count, with a logistic regression model. C-reactive protein serum measurements were performed by an immunoturbidimetric test. The patients were divided into two groups according to the pathologic features of the removed appendix: Group A (n=104), patients with acute appendicitis, and Group B (n=20), patients without acute appendicitis. To assess the accuracy of C-reactive protein, leukocyte counts, and a combination of both parameters, receiver operating characteristic curves were used. The areas under the curve were compared using the maximum likelihood estimation method. RESULTS: There were 95 cases (76.6 percent) of nonperforated appendicitis, 9 cases (7.3 percent) of perforated appendicitis and 20 cases (16.1 percent) of normal appendix. Mean C-reactive protein in Group A was 4.3 (standard deviation, 6.6) and in Group B was 1.2 (standard deviation, 1.7;P=0.03). The C-reactive protein and leukocyte count values were correlated with the pathologic diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Mean C-reactive protein values increase as the pathologic inflammation type progresses (P=0.007). The C-reactive protein receiver operating characteristic curve shows that the C-reactive protein value with highest accuracy was 1.7 mg/dl. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates calculated in the 1.7 cutoff were 58, 80, and 83.8 percent, respectively. A comparison of the respective receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrates that C-reactive protein, leukocyte count, and the combination of both tests all have a good diagnostic value but without any significant difference (P=0.2). CONCLUSIONS: In children, 1) serum C-reactive protein is increased in acute appendicitis; 2) such increase is related to the severity of the appendiceal inflammation; and 3) although serum C-reactive protein has an adequate diagnostic accuracy, neither individually nor in combination with the leukocyte count is it significantly better than the leukocyte count alone.Presented in part at the Congress of the Collegium Internationale Chirurgiae Digestivae, Madrid, Spain, September 16 to 19, 1998.     

IL-6在系统性红斑狼疮患儿PBMC的过度表达

目的 确定系统性红斑狼疮患儿体内是否存在内源性白细胞介素表达增高及其来源。方法 分别用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法和细胞原位杂交技术检测１８例活动期和１２例非活动期ＳＬＥ患儿血清,外周血单个核细胞内ＩＬ－６含量及ＰＢＭＣ内ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ的表达,并分析三者之间的关系。