细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4的研究进展

细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）属于B7／CD28家族成员，具有下调免疫应答为主的多种免疫学效应。CTLA-4有多个位点基因多态性，其基因多态性可影响CTLA-4分子的表达和功能，同某些免疫因素相关性疾病有关。CTLA-4可表达于免疫细胞为主的多种细胞，有膜结合和可溶性等两种形式。CTLA-4Ig和抗单抗是CTLA-4用于防治自身免疫性疾病、移植排斥及肿瘤的两种分子，其效能在动物试验及临床应用中已得到证实.     

中药治疗口腔扁平苔藓的免疫调节作用

目的探讨中药治疗对口腔扁平苔藓患者免疫状况的影响。方法对３０例口腔扁平苔藓患者应用中药治疗，检查了患者治疗前后Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果患者治疗前ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４以及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比率显著低于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０１）；中药治疗后患者ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４以及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比率显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比率恢复正常。３０例中，痊愈８例，显效１４例，好转８例。结论提示口腔扁平苔藓患者Ｔ淋巴细胞功能减弱，Ｔ细胞亚群平衡失调，中药治疗对患者机体免疫有双向调节作用，免疫平衡得以恢复，并取得较好的临床疗效。     

Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic autoimmune diseases with a high recurrence rate. Epidemiological data have shown that the incidence of IBD increases annually because of improved sanitary conditions and reduced parasitic infection rates. In this experiment, experimental colitis was induced in mice by administering 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) 28?days after they were infected with Trichinella spiralis to confirm that T. spiralis infection could alleviate the severity of TNBS-induced colitis.Thirty-six male BALB/c mice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control group (with 50% ethanol, Control), T. spiralis-infected group (TS-Control), TNBS-induced colitis model group (Colitis), and T. spiralis-pre-infected and TNBS-induced colitis group (TS-Colitis). The mice were sacrificed 3, 7, and 14?days after the model was established. Changes in various colitis indicators to investigate the effect of T. spiralis infection on TNBS-induced murine CD model.Results showed that the weight, DAI score, and macroscopic and microscopic colon damage in the TS-Colitis significantly decreased compared with those in the Colitis. ELISA revealed that the IFN-γ expression decreased and the IL-4 expression increased in the TS-Colitis compared with those in the Colitis. Western Blotting results revealed that the NF-κB expression increased in the Colitis and higher than those in the TS-Colitis. And Flow cytometry results revealed that the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells significantly increased in the TS-Colitis.T. spiralis-infected mice induced Th2 immune responses and balanced Th1 immune responses stimulated by TNBS to ameliorate intestinal inflammation.     

胸腺肽的免疫调节作用与烧伤创面的愈合

探讨胸腺肽的免疫调节作用对烧伤创面愈合的影响,采用大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,局部和全身应用胸腺肽,观察烫伤大鼠ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８的比值,Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率,创面羟脯氨酸的含量,Ⅲ型胶原的合成和创面愈合的时间。发现胸腺肽能提高烫伤大鼠ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８的比值和Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率（Ｐ〈０．０５）,增加创面羟脯氨酸的含量（Ｐ〈０．０５）,促进Ⅲ型胶原的合成（Ｐ〈０．０５）,缩短创面愈合的时间（Ｐ〈０．０５）。因此用胸腺肽     

血小板生成素转导鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖和分化

为探讨ＴＰＯ（血小板生成素）基因导入对Ｔ细胞增殖和分化影响的规律,将编码人ＴＰＯ的质粒ＤＮＡ６０μｇ用脂质体包裹后,经肌肉途径转导入Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠体内。用ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８的特异性抗击 标记小鼠各种免疫组织中的Ｔ细胞,借助流式细胞术分析它们的组成和变化。结果发现ＴＰＯ基因导入使骨髓中的成熟和未成熟Ｔ细胞数量在经过短期下降后全部大幅度增多,胸腺未成熟Ｔ细胞增加;而脾脏和血液循环中成熟Ｔ细胞增多,特别是     

Evidence that preimmunization with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae reduces corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression in the extended amygdala in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor-related disorder that is characterized by dysregulation of glucocorticoid signaling, chronic low-grade inflammation, and impairment in the ability to extinguish learned fear. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) is a stress- and immune-responsive neuropeptide secreted from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, extra-hypothalamic sources of Crh from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) govern specific fear- and anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses. We previously reported that preimmunization with a heat-killed preparation of the immunoregulatory environmental bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 enhances fear extinction in a fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm. In this follow-up study, we utilized an in situ hybridization histochemistry technique to investigate Crh, Crhr1, and Crhr2 mRNA expression in the CeA, BNST, and PVN of the same rats from the original study [Fox et al., 2017, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 66: 70–84]. Here, we demonstrate that preimmunization with M. vaccae NCTC 11659 decreases Crh mRNA expression in the CeA and BNST of rats exposed to the FPS paradigm, and, further, that Crh mRNA expression in these regions is correlated with fear behavior during extinction training. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that M. vaccae promotes stress-resilience by attenuating Crh production in fear- and anxiety-related circuits. These data suggest that immunization with M. vaccae may be an effective strategy for prevention of fear- and anxiety-related disorders.     

清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症的疗效及对部分血清免疫学指标的影响

目的:观察中药复方清瘟败毒饮对脓毒症(气营两燔证)的临床疗效以及对部分血清免疫学指标的影响。方法:将49例脓毒症患者随机分为西医常规治疗加清瘟败毒饮组(治疗组)25例、西医常规治疗组(对照组)24例,观察疗程7d,分别比较治疗前后中医症状积分、APACHEⅡ评分以及治疗前后外周静脉血IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、CRP、TNF-α水平(值)的变化。结果:两组总疗效比较无差异,但治疗组临床控制率优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者与本组治疗前比较,中医症状积分和APACHEⅡ评分分值均明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),但同期比较治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者与本组治疗前比较,IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、CRP、TNF-α水平(值)均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),但治疗组同期优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:清瘟败毒饮能提高脓毒症的临床疗效,有抑制脓毒症患者过度免疫应答、减少过度免疫应答对机体自身的损害方面的作用。     

B细胞免疫调节血吸虫感染的研究进展

近年的研究发现, B细胞亚群及其相关因子在抗血吸虫感染和促进感染方面发挥了双重作用。本文综述了血 吸虫感染过程中, B细胞及其产生的抗体和调节性B细胞相关细胞因子——IL?10、 IL?7、 TGF?β进行正负免疫调控的研究 进展。     

芳香化酶抑制剂相关骨关节症状的免疫调节机制研究

目的　探讨乳腺癌患者应用芳香化酶抑制剂（ＡＩｓ）所致骨关节症状的免疫调节机制。方法　选择Ⅰ ～Ⅲ期绝经后乳腺癌患者５１例,３３例应用ＡＩｓ治疗,分为有较严重骨关节症状组１６例（ＢＰＩ-ＳＦ疼痛评分＞７）和未出现骨关节症状组１７例,另１８例为未进行ＡＩｓ治疗受体阴性组。同时设对照组（健康人）１６例。取各组研究对象的外周血,检测血中雌激素（Ｅ２）水平;应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测血清中ＩＦＮ-γ、ＩＬ-４浓度以及骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）、骨碱性磷酸酶（ＢＡＬＰ）和Ⅰ型胶原羧基端前肽（ＣＩＣＰ）的浓度;应用流式细胞仪检测ＣＤ４＋ＣＤ２５＋调节性Ｔ细胞表达率。结果　有症状组的Ｅ２水平为（７２.８±５８.９）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ,无症状组为（６７.４±５７.６）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ,均低于对照组的（２０６.９±１１９.４）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０.０１）,但有症状组与无症状组之间差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０.０５）。有症状组的ＩＦＮ-γ浓度为（８２.８３±５.５３）ｐｇ／ｍｌ,明显高于无症状组和受体阴性组（Ｐ＜０.０５）;有症状组的ＩＬ-４浓度为（２２.８３±１.０９）ｐｇ／ｍｌ,低于无症状组和受体阴性组（Ｐ＜０.０５）。流式细胞仪检测结果显示,有症状组外周血ＣＤ４＋ＣＤ２５＋Ｔ细胞的表达率为（５.６±１.１）％,低于无症状组的（１２.１±２.３）％和受体阴性组的（１４.９±３.５）％,差异均有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０.０１）。有症状组的骨代谢指标ＢＡＬＰ和ＣＩＣＰ水平分别为（６２.１±５.５）Ｕ／Ｌ和（１５６.８±４１.１）ｎｇ／ｍｌ,均高于无症状组的（４５.２±４.６）Ｕ／Ｌ和（１３７.５±３６.９）ｎｇ／ｍｌ,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０.０５）,但有症状组的ＢＧＰ水平与无症状组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０.０５）。结论　应用ＡＩｓ产生的相关骨关节症状可能与患者机体的免疫功能调节异常密切相关,其确切机制有待进一步的研究阐明。