Investigation of Biases in the General Public in Evaluating Mild Head Injury Using Neuropsychological and CT Scan Results: Forensic Implications

The purpose of this study was to determine how the general public considers neuropsychological (NP) vs. CT scan data in assessing the effects of a possible mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Ten scenarios depicting an MTBI from a motor vehicle accident were presented to community volunteer participants. Case scenarios differed with regard to diagnostic information presented (i.e., all combinations of normal, abnormal, or absent NP and CT results were provided). The number of participants ranged from 31 to 42 across the 10 cases and there were no age or educational differences among the groups. Participants rated the likelihood of symptoms being attributable to brain damage from the accident on a 7-point Likert-type scale. Scenarios with positive NP or CT results were rated as more likely to have sustained brain damage than when NP/CT results were negative. However, when NP and CT data were contradictory (i.e., one positive and the other negative), there were no differences in the ratings of the participants. Thus, members of the general public did not demonstrate any preconceived bias about the validity of NP vs. CT results in MTBI. Women were more likely than men to attribute symptoms to brain damage from the motor vehicle accident, as did participants with a history of TBI. Forensic implications are discussed.     

非手术治疗创伤性脾破裂112例分析

目的探讨Ⅰ-Ⅳ级外伤性脾破裂治疗方式的选择。方法回顾分析我院近5年来112例Ⅰ-Ⅳ级外伤性脾破裂患者临床资料。结果112例Ⅰ-Ⅳ级外伤性脾破裂患者中一般保守治疗81例，介入栓塞止血11例，急诊开腹手术13例，中断保守治疗行开腹手术7例；入院时查CT腹腔未见游离液体或少量游离液体67例，保脾治疗成功67例；腹腔中量游离液体者45例，保脾治疗成功25例；按美国外伤外科学会AAST分级制订的脾脏损伤程度分级标准，Ⅰ级24例，Ⅱ级30例，Ⅲ级42例，Ⅳ16例。结论有选择的保脾治疗脾破裂是安全、有效的治疗方法，其中入院时血压稳定，腹腔无或少量游离液体者能保持较高的保脾治疗成功率；介入栓塞止血能显著提高保脾治疗的成功率。     

悬吊运动训练系统对不随意运动型脑瘫的康复效果分析

目的 分析悬吊运动训练系统对不随意运动型脑瘫的康复效果,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法 选取2015年8月-2017年8月荆州市妇幼保健院收治的42例不随意运动型脑瘫患儿为研究对象,采用数字随机法均分为观察组与对照组,各21例,对照组患儿接受常规康复治疗,观察组患儿在常规康复治疗基础上运用悬吊运动训练系统,连续康复治疗3个月。采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、粗大运动功能评分(GMFM)评价两组患儿平衡及粗大运动功能,记录步长、步宽以及10 m最大步行速度(MWS)评价步行能力,并比较不同年龄、粗大运动功能分级系统(GMFCS)分级对步行能力的影响。结果 两组患儿治疗前GMFM 评分、BBS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后均显著增加,且治疗后观察组均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.767、3.543,P＜0.01);两组治疗前步行能力相关评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后步宽显著降低,步长、MWS显著增加,且治疗后观察组步长、MWS显著高于对照组,步宽显著低于对照组(t=4.767、3.985、4.221,P＜0.001);治疗后不同年龄及GMFCS分级患儿步宽、步长、MWS比较,差异具有统计学意义(年龄:t=3.986、2.878、2.986,P＜0.001;GMFCS分级:t=4.043、4.173、3.875,P＜0.001)。结论 在常规康复治疗的基础上加用悬吊运动训练系统能提升不随意运动型脑瘫患儿粗大运动及平衡能力,降低步行宽度,提升步速及步长,也能显著提升其康复效果,同时患儿年龄及GMFCS分级影响治疗效果。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的X光影像与分子分型及其组织学分级的相关性研究

目的 探索不同分子亚型乳腺浸润性导管癌病灶X光影像的差异,以及与组织学分级的相关性。方法 收集因乳腺肿物住院,且均进行术前乳腺X光摄片,并最终通过病理检查确诊为乳腺浸润性导管癌的患者完整诊疗资料。回顾性分析术前X光影像及术后病理学资料,参照2019版中国临床肿瘤学会乳腺癌诊疗指南(CSCO BC指南)推荐方法进行分子分型,比较不同分子亚型组间的X光影像差异并探讨病灶X光征像与组织学分级之间的联系。结果 五组分子亚型的X光影像在腺体分型、肿块类型及肿块边缘特征等方面存在统计学差异(P＜0.05)。其中三阴型的腺体分型多为散在纤维腺体型(50.0%,18/36);对比其余分子亚型,三阴型多表现为单纯肿块(83.3%,30/36)且肿块边缘光整(52.8%,19/36);不同病理组织学分级病灶的X光影像在腺体分型、肿块类型及肿块边缘特征等方面存在统计学差异(P＜0.05)。对比中高分化组,低分化组的腺体分型多为散在纤维腺体型(37.3%,19/51),X线影像多表现为单纯肿块型(52.9%,27/51)且肿块边缘多光整(31.4%,16/51)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肿块边缘特征是X光影像辨别低分化组浸润性导管癌病灶的独立危险因素(P＜0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌的分子分型与组织学分级具有相关性(V=0.482,P＜0.001),其中三阴型低分化组占比(63.9%,23/69)及Luminal A的中高分化组占比(97.2%,72/74)均显著高于其余亚组(P＜0.001)。结论 乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线影像可以一定程度上辨别分子分型及病理组织学分级,能够为乳腺癌患者个性化治疗方案的选择及治疗效果的提前预测提供影像学依据。     

量化分级模式在呼吸内科风险管理中的应用评价

目的研究量化分级模式在呼吸内科护理工作中的应用效果。方法回顾性整理该院中2016年6月-2017年12月间呼吸内科收治的患者临床数据,随机挑选出100例患者进行实验,选择2016年6月-2017年4月间的50例患者作为对照组,2017年5-12月的50例患者作为实验组,从2017年5月开始实施量化分级模式,对两组患者对护理人员的护理质量评分进行对比。结果该次研究成果显示,对照组患者的护理质量评分低于实验组,实验组护理人员在与患者沟通时,其服务态度优于对照组,并且在执行各项护理操作流程时,流程评分较对照组同时也更高,各数据对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在呼吸内科的日常护理中应用量化分级模式,有助于减少护理风险事件发生率,护理质量也能得到提升,改善护患之间的关系,具有良好的应用价值。     

Electrical response grading versus House-Brackmann scale for evaluation of facial nerve injury after Bell's palsy: a comparative study

OBJECTIVE: There are no convenient techniques to evaluate the degree of facial nerve injury during a course of acupuncture treatment for Bell's palsy. Our previous studies found that observing the electrical response of specific facial muscles provided reasonable correlation with the prognosis of electroacupuncture treatment. Hence, we used the new method to evaluate the degree of facial nerve injury in patients with Bell's palsy in comparison with the House-Brackmann scale. The relationship between therapeutic effects and prognosis was analyzed to explore an objective method for evaluating Bell's palsy. METHODS: The facial nerve function of 68 patients with Bell's palsy was assessed with both electrical response grading and the House-Brackmann scale before treatment. Then differences in evaluation results of the two methods were compared. All enrolled patients received electroacupuncture treatment with disperse-dense wave at 1/100 Hz for 4 weeks. After treatment, correlation analysis was conducted to fi nd the relationship between electrical response and therapeutic effects or prognosis.RESULTS: Checking consistency between electrical response grading and House-Brackmann scale: Kappa value 0.028(P = 0.578). Correlation analysis: the two methods were correlated with the prognosis, and electrical response grading(rER = 0.789) was better than the House-Brackmann scale(rHB = 0.423). CONCLUSION: Electrical response grading is superior to the House-Brackmann scale in efficacy and reliability, and can conveniently assess the degree of facial nerve injury. The House-Brackmann scale is suitable for the patients with mild facial nerve injury, but its evaluation quality for severe facial nerve injury is poor.