约当年金法在医院大型设备更新投资中的应用——以某三甲医院碎石机更新决策为例

针对医院设备更新决策中各备选方案初始投资额不同、经济寿命不同、运营期现金流量不同等特点．介绍了采用约当年金法评价医院设备更新项目的原理及具体应用方法。     

Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease

Interpretation of clinical trials comparing different drug regimens for Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated by the different dose intensities used: higher doses of levodopa and, possibly, other drugs produce better symptomatic control but more late complications. To address this problem, conversion factors have been calculated for antiparkinsonian drugs that yield a total daily levodopa equivalent dose (LED). LED estimates vary, so we undertook a systematic review of studies reporting LEDs to provide standardized formulae. Electronic database and hand searching of references identified 56 primary reports of LED estimates. Data were extracted and the mean and modal LEDs calculated. This yielded a standardized LED for each drug, providing a useful tool to express dose intensity of different antiparkinsonian drug regimens on a single scale. Using these conversion formulae to report LEDs would improve the consistency of reporting and assist the interpretation of clinical trials comparing different PD medications. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society     

西安市2004年度4～6年级小学生动态眼屈光状况的横断面流行病学调查

目的:对在校小学生眼健康状况中的动态屈光基本情况进行横断面调查,为青少年眼保健提供基础资料.方法:采用前瞻性调查设计,对4～6年级小学生953人1906眼动态屈光状态等指标进行采集,输入编辑的专项应用程序,用SPSS11.0软件行统计分析.结果:4～6年级小学生在正常动态情况下,近视眼的发病率为74.5%,其中57.9%的低度近视,15.0%的中度近视,1.6%的高度近视;正视眼仅占22.2%,尚有3.4%的远视眼;3个年级组各屈光构成比相比,正视和低度近视组仍为主要构成,但较初小的低度近视比重上升,导致在其他构成基本稳定的同时,近视检出率升高.4～6年级小平均屈光度(-1.67±1.67)D,其中3个年级平均屈光度为:小4(-1.46±1.57)D,小5(-1.74±1.73)D,小6(-1.82±1.68)D,组间有显著性差异.女生平均屈光度(-1.74±1.64)D,大于男生(-1.61±1.69)D,提示4～6年级阶段女生的近视进展趋势仍早于男生.右眼平均屈光度(-1.73±1.63)D大于左眼(-1.611.69)D.结论:4～6年级各年级小学生总体屈光状态呈近视化上升趋势,右眼、女生在4～6年级屈光近视化进展期早于左眼、男生.     

培氟沙星与维生素C配伍的稳定性考察

目的考察培氟沙星与维生素C在5％葡萄糖注射液中配伍的稳定性。方法在4℃，25％，38％下，于0—8h内考察配伍液的性状及pH值变化；在室温条件下，于0—8h内采用等吸收波长消去法分别考察培氟沙星与维生素C在配伍前后的含量变化情况。结果在4℃，25％，38％下，0-8h内培氟沙星和维生素C在5％葡萄糖注射液中配伍后pH值、外观、颜色无明显变化；在25％下，0～8h内培氟沙星与维生素C在配伍体系中的含量也均无明显变化。结论培氟沙星与维生素C可以配伍。     

Validation of a morphometric method for evaluating fibroblast numbers in normal and pathologic tissues

The aim of this work was to validate an image analysis method, based on cell nuclei form factor determination, for counting fibroblasts within human dermis. We first used reconstructed dermal equivalents in which fibroblasts can also be counted directly after lysis of the collagen matrix. We found a good correlation between the results of direct counting and those of image analysis from day 10 to day 28 of culture. When applied to young normal donors' skin biopsies fixed in Bouin's solution and embedded in paraffin, the image analysis method yielded mid-dermis fibroblast counts of between 2100 and 4100 per mm3 of fresh tissue. A nuclear form factor (FF) comprised between 0.35 and 0.84 was found to be a biologic marker of fibroblasts. This was confirmed after fibroblast discrimination from other cell types, which had rounder nuclei (FF >/= 0.85) and were identified either by their location (e.g. endothelial cells) or by labeling with specific antibodies (e.g. lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages). Similar results were obtained with seven healthy donors' skin biopsies that had been frozen in nitrogen liquid and cryostat-sectioned, showing that this counting method is independent of the histologic procedure. Finally, analysis of samples of hypertrophic scars from two patients revealed that fibroblast density in some parts of the dermis was more than twice the value found in other parts presenting a fibroblast density almost normal, showing that this cell counting method can also be used to assess fibroblast heterogeneity within a given tissue.     

环柱形催化剂当量直径及传热参数的测定

实验测定了一种新型的环柱形催化剂活性组分在其内、外表面上不均匀分布的乙烯基乙酸酯合成反应器的床层压降和该催化剂填充床的二维温度分布;以压降实验数据代入Ergun公式计算了环柱形催化剂的当量直径ds和填充床的传热参数,采用正交配置的方法对拟均相二维传热模型进行求解,得到床层的径向有效导热系数和壁给热系数。     

High-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy: results of analyses of late rectal complications

: To examine the incidence of radiation-induced late rectal complications by analyzing the data of measured rectal doses in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy.

: We measured doses to the rectum in 105 patients with cancer of the cervix during high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy with a semiconductor dosimeter that can measure five points in the rectum simultaneously. On the basis of these measurements, equivalent doses, to which the biologically equivalent doses were converted as if given as fractionated irradiation at 2 Gy/fraction, were calculated as components of the cumulative dose at five rectal points in intracavitary brachytherapy combined with the external whole pelvic dose.

: The calculated values of equivalent doses for late effects at the rectum ranged from 15 to 100 Gy (median 60 Gy for patients who did not develop complications and 76 Gy for patients who subsequently developed Grade II or III complications). When converted to a graph of absolute rectal complication probability, the data could be fitted to a sigmoid curve. The data showed a very definite dose-response relationship, with a threshold for complications at approximately 50 Gy and the curve starting to rise more steeply at approximately 60 Gy. The steepest part of the curve had a slope equivalent to approximately 4% incidence/1 Gy increase in equivalent doses.

: The radiation tolerance dose, 5% and 50% complication probability, was about 64 and 79 Gy, respectively. Our data almost agree with the prescribed dose for the rectum for the radiation tolerance doses on the basis of the recorded human and animal data. The probability of rectal complications increased drastically after the maximal rectal dose was >60 Gy.     

Induction of HSP27 nuclear immunoreactivity during stress is modulated by vitamin C

For the investigation of the skin irritancy potential of chemicals in an in vitro model it is necessary to have sensitive endpoints that predict the effects of those compounds on native human skin. Recently, we have identified that 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) can serve as a sensitive marker of skin irritation, as exposure of human skin to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) both in vitro and in vivo induced relocalization of HSP27 from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus. The aim of the present study was to determine whether nuclear localization of HSP27 could be used as a parameter for evaluation of potential skin irritants in screening assays in vitro. For this purpose, human skin equivalent consisting of epidermis reconstructed on de-epidermized dermis was exposed to SLS or UV light. Stress-induced nuclear relocalization of HSP27 was observed in excised skin exposed to SLS or UV light and in reconstructed epidermis only when the latter was generated in the absence of vitamin C. The omission of vitamin C results in an impaired barrier function. In the presence of vitamin C, however, the barrier function was comparable with excised skin, suggesting that vitamin C may control the response to stress in the reconstructed epidermis. Besides the presence of vitamin C, the response of skin equivalents may strongly depend on other conditions under which they are generated, because the stress-induced HSP27 relocalization was not detected in the commercially available epidermal kit EpiDerm. The results of the present study show that HSP27 nuclear staining can serve as a sensitive marker for skin irritation or cellular stress in excised skin as well as in certain well-characterized human skin equivalents in vitro.