Electro-acupuncture on the iNOS of lumbar intervertebral disk tissues in rats

目的：探讨电针防治腰椎间盘移位的机理。方法：75只大鼠经手术造成椎间盘移位模型，成功后分为电针组，西药组，针药组，模型对照组和正常对照组，分别给予相应处理。RTPCR法测定椎间盘组织中iNOSmRNA的表达。结果：模型组犬鼠椎间盘组织iNOSmRNA表达与正常组之间比较存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）；电针组、西药组、针药组对大鼠椎间盘组织iNOSmRNA表达均受抑制，与模型组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：电针具有抑制椎间盘组织内iNOS的作用。     

骶管大容量注药治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效研究

目的观察大容量镇痛液经骶管快速注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症与传统小容量治疗的疗效对比研究。方法腰椎间盘突出症患者380例随机分为对照组（Ⅰ组传统小容量190例）和观察组（Ⅱ组大容量190例）。两组镇痛液均含有同等剂量的曲安奈德、利多卡因、维生素B_（12）及不同容量的生理盐水。对照组采用常规速度及容量注射,大容量组采用快速注射,速度1～2 ml/s共注射45～55 ml。每周1次,3次为1疗程,并进行VAS评分和随访。结果经3个月后随访.大容量组患者疼痛减轻程度VAS评分优于Ⅰ组（P〈0.01）。治疗优良率Ⅰ组为73.6%（140/190例）,Ⅱ组为95.2%（181/190例）,大容量组在治疗中未见明显不良反应。结论大容量快速注射经骶管注药治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效确切,优于传统方法。     

部分切除腓骨对踝关节稳定的影响

对8例新鲜尸体的踝关节在完整胫腓骨与腓骨部分切除时的外踝上下和侧向位移变化进行了测试与分析,结果显示腓骨部分切除后,外踝无论是上下位移还是侧向位移都显著增加,表明完整的腓骨对维持踝关节的稳定具有相当大作用。     

EFFECTS OF STABILIZERS IN PREPARATIONS OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN ON THE SERUM BILIRUBIN IN GUNN RATS

ABSTRACT. Commercially available preparations of human serum albumin (HSA) containing stabilizers (i.e. 16 mmol/I Na caprylate plus 16 mmol/I Na N-acetyl- dl -tryptophan) were injected either s.c., i.p. or i.v. into homozygous infant Gunn rats. 30 min and 3 hours after s.c. injection, a serum bilirubin decline which surpassed dilution by the injected volume could be ascertained. It was mainly caused by N-acetyl- dl -tryptophan since s.c. injections of appropriate amounts of this substance alone or a mixture of both components of the stabilizer without HSA brought about similar results. HSA without these stabilizers had not such an effect. It is postulated that under these conditions Na N-acetyl- dl -tryptophanate displaced bilirubin from albumin bonds. It became obvious that after s.c. injection equilibration of HSA between skin and plasma was delayed, whereas Na N-acetyl- dl -tryptophan was rapidly transported to the blood. As for Na caprylate, a displacing effect of short duration could not be excluded by the experimental arrangement used, since the metabolism of the substance in the rat is very fast. When HSA and the stabilizers entered the plasma simultaneously (i.v. injection) no effect on serum bilirubin concentration could be proved 30 min and 3 hours later. All the bilirubin and the Na N-acetyl- dl -tryptophan present in the plasma at that time can be bound to the large amount of albumin which is directly given into the circulation of the animal. 30 min after i.p. injection of HSA preparations containing stabilizers a small decrease of serum bilirubin concentration could be recognized. It was less pronounced and less persisting than after s.c. injection. Probably equilibration of HSA between peritoneum and plasma went on faster than between skin and plasma. Only for a short period a lack of albumin binding sites in the plasma of the rat pointed to a surplus of Na N-acetyl- dl -tryptophan.     

Impeller behavior and displacement of the VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump

The VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump, intended for long-term ventricular assist, is under development and is currently being tested for its rotor-dynamic stability. The pump is of the centrifugal type and consists of a shaftless impeller, also acting as the rotor of the brushless DC motor. The impeller remains passively suspended in the pump cavity by hydrodynamic forces, resulting from the small clearances between the impeller outside surfaces and the pump cavity. In the older version of the pump tested, these small clearances range from approximately 50 microm to 230 microm; the displacement of the impeller relative to the pump cavity is unknown in use. This article presents two experiments: the first measured displacement of the impeller using eddy-current proximity sensors and laser proximity sensors. The second experiment used Hall-effect proximity sensors to measure the displacement of the impeller relative to the pump cavity. All transducers were calibrated prior to commencement of the experiments. Voltage output from the transducers was converted into impeller movement in five degrees of freedom (x, y, z, theta(x), and theta(y)). The sixth degree of freedom, the rotation about the impeller axis (theta(z)), was determined by the commutation performed by the motor controller. The impeller displacement was found to be within the acceptable range of 8 micro m to 222 microm, avoiding blood damage and contact between the impeller and cavity walls. Thus the impeller was hydrodynamically suspended within the pump cavity and results were typical of centrifugal pump behavior. This research will be the basis for further investigation into the stiffness and damping coefficient of the pump's hydrodynamic bearing.     

同神经节段取穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床观察

目的:寻找治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效疗法。方法:将116例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分成治疗组(66例)与对照组(50例)。分别采用同神经节段取穴法与常规取穴法进行治疗,观察2个疗程与3个疗程后的临床疗效。结果:治疗组2个疗程愈显率与3个疗程治愈率分别为90.9%、74.2%,显著优于对照组的66.0%、32.0%,其差异均有非常显著性意义(均P<0.01)。结论:同神经节段取穴法是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效疗法。     

单穴电针疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的再认识

目的:探讨腰椎间盘突出症单穴电针疗法的特点和临床应用。方法:从该疗法的选穴与针刺方法、临床适应证和疗效机制等方面进行阐释。结论:该疗法具有"少而精"的选穴特点,对腰椎间盘突出症腰腿痛具有良好的镇痛作用,但其镇痛机制不甚明了,尚需深入研究。     

On the evolution of attachment-disordered behaviour

Using an example of a goose which grew up in complete isolation, this article shows how escape behaviour increases through all its developmental steps by lack of a sufficient secure primary attachment object. If a gosling has no mother, its fear influences wide parts of its behaviour and blocks the capacity to approach another animal in order to form a new attachment. But the urge for attachment is still alive and provokes strong conflicts between this urge and fear. In these situations displacement activities and apathy occur – attachment-disordered behaviour. Under partly artificial circumstances, a change to ‘normal’ attachment behaviour took place by reduction of escape motivation, which enabled the goose to accept her brood. From this moment on the attachment-disordered behaviour, the displacement activity and the apathy disappeared. Implications to human behaviour are drawn – a comparison between displacement activity and neurotic symptoms, the state of apathy and personal disorder. A synthesis of ethological and psychoanalytical models concerning etiological and therapeutic aspects is discussed. Fear and attachment, not aggression and sexuality – our ‘animal heritage’ – are the primary factors which influence our development. The balance of fear and attachment is the basis for a healthy or unhealthy development of social relationships. This applies to social living animals as well as to humans.     

用三通管行脑脊液置换术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的临床观察

目的　探讨蛛网膜下腔出血的治疗方法 ,以提高疗效 ,改善预后。方法　腰椎穿刺 (颈椎侧方穿刺 ) ,用三通管置换脑脊液。结果　治疗组较对照组脑积水死亡率明显减少 ,头痛时间明显缩短 ,总有效率明显提高 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　脑脊液置换术是治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的有效方法     

Is the stability of a tibial fracture influenced by the type of unilateral external fixator?

Objective. To examine whether the type of unilateral external fixator significantly influences the stability of a tibial fracture.

Design. Inter-fragmentary displacements were measured during walking while the fractures were stabilized, first with one type of fixator then with another.

Background. It is commonly claimed that one type of fixator exerts a different influence on mechanical stability at a fracture in comparison with another.

Methods. This study compares inter-fragmentary displacement, fixator displacement and weight bearing during walking, in four patients stabilized with an Orthofix DAF, which was replaced by a Howmedica International Monotube.

Results. The null hypothesis of no difference in fixator performance was unproved (P < 0.05) through insufficient data. Inter-patient variability in inter-fragmentary displacement implies that anthropometry, gait and fracture type may influence fracture stability more than the type of fixator.

Conclusions. Since weight-bearing and displacements were not substantially different, no basis was found for the claim that one fixator provides a mechanical environment substantially different to another. Sample size was not large enough to prove that a small but statistically significant difference exists.