Assessment of the value of carcinoembryonic antigen reduction ratio as a prognosis factor in rectal cancer

Background

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most widely used tumor marker for colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of CEA reduction ratio after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods

We enrolled 284 patients who underwent preoperative CRT followed by radical surgical resection. Patients were divided into 3 groups: serum CEA levels before CRT (pre-CRT CEA) less than 5 ng/mL (group 1); pre-CRT CEA of 5 ng/mL or more with CEA reduction ratio of 50% or more (group 2); and pre-CRT CEA of 5 ng/mL or more with CEA reduction ratio less than 50% (group 3).

Results

The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was not different between groups 1 (71.8%) and 2 (69.4%) but was signi?cantly lower in group 3 (49.5%). CEA group, lymph node status after CRT (ypN) stage, and histologic type were independent prognostic factors for DFS on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

CEA reduction ratio might be an independent prognostic factor for DFS in rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative CRT and radical surgery.     

术前同步放化疗在晚期宫颈癌中的临床疗效评价

目的：研究术前同步放化疗在晚期宫颈癌中的临床疗效。方法：将晚期宫颈癌患者70例随机分为给予奈达铂同步放化疗的观察组和顺铂同步放化疗的对照组,每组35例;观察两组患者化疗后的TNM分期、化疗过程中的不良反应例数及远期生存情况。结果：观察组的TNM分期低于对照组;观察组患者发生厌食、恶心呕吐、白细胞减少、血小板减少、血肌酐升高、ALT升高和肺毒性的例数均少于对照组。术后1年、2年和3年的生存率分别为91.4%、82.8%和74.3%,均高于对照组。结论：以奈达铂为基础的同步放化疗能够更为有效的降低肿瘤分期、减少不良反应以及提高存活率具有积极的应用价值。     

新辅助放化疗对直肠/肛管癌患者行经内外括约肌间切除术后近远期疗效的影响

目的 探讨新辅助放化疗对直肠/肛管癌患者行经内外括约肌间切除术（ISR）后近远期疗效的影响.方法 直肠/肛管癌患者115例,根据患者术前是否行长周期（8周）新辅助放化疗分组,术前行长周期（8周）新辅助放化疗的患者定义为A组,术前未行长周期（8周）新辅助放化疗的患者定义为B组.两组均行经内外括约肌间切除术（ISR）.结果 从术后并发症发生率来看,A组肛周感染率明显高于B组（7.5％vs 0％）（P＜0.05）.从患者术后肛门功能恢复情况来看,两组术后2、3年肛门功能均较术后1年明显改善（P＜0.05）.两组间比较,A组术后1、2、3年肛门功能均较B组差（P＜0.05）.从远期效果来看,两组局部复发率及生存率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 新辅助化疗联合ISR治疗超低位直肠/肛管癌较单纯ISR,没有延缓患者术后近期恢复,且能够获得相似的生存率及局部复发率,但是,新辅助化疗增加了ISR手术患者术后肛周感染发生率,同时,对患者术后肛门功能造成一定的影响,但仍在患者可接受范围之内.     

Overall response of both intrahepatic tumor and portal vein tumor thrombosis is a good prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy

This study investigated the prognostic significance of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with localized concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We retrospectively analyzed 100 patients treated with CCRT for UICC Stage T2–4N0M0 HCC with PVTT between 2002 and 2011. The radiotherapy (RT) volume included both primary tumor and PVTT, and the median radiation dose was 45 Gy. Treatment response was evaluated for up to 6 months after RT. With respect to PVTT response to treatment, complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) were achieved in 14% and 48% of patients, respectively, yielding an objective response (OR) rate of 62%. PVTT size (≤3cm diameter) was associated with a higher rate of a CR (P = 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) was 11.6 months. Independent prognostic factors for OS were OR of the tumor to RT and a CR of the PVTT. Achieving an OR in both the tumor and the PVTT demonstrated a significant correlation with improved survival (P = 0.002). Progression of intrahepatic metastasis was affected not by CCRT but by the clinical features of the PVTT, particularly the initial PVTT site. PVTT response following CCRT seems prognostically significant. CR of the PVTT was associated with improved survival. Achieving an OR in both the tumor and PVTT was also associated with improved survival.     

CT扫描所得食管癌肿瘤局部因素与患者预后的关系

目的 探讨基于CT扫描所得接受根治性放（化）疗的食管癌患者肿瘤局部因素指标与其预后的关系。方法 接受根治性放（化）疗且为临床N0期的食管鳞癌患者271例,分析其肿瘤局部因素与患者复发的关系,对影响患者长期预后的因素进行分析。结果 预测患者复发的最佳指标有GTV D、GTV L、GTV V、GTV V/L和X线造影长度,其判断复发的最佳界点值分别为3.5 cm、5.5 cm、28.7 cm3、4.8 cm2和3.5 cm。GTV D、GTV L、临床T分期、有无化疗和近期疗效均为影响患者生存率的独立因素;年龄、病变部位、GTV V/L、临床T分期和近期疗效均为影响患者局控率的独立因素。结论 食管癌肿瘤局部相关因素对接受根治性放（化）疗的临床N0食管鳞癌患者治疗后复发均有影响,其中GTV D、GTV L和GTV V/L为影响预后的独立因素。     

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery in the treatment of potentially resectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUNDIn recent years, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) combined with surgery has been gradually applied in patients with locally advanced thoracic esophageal cancer, but its effectiveness and safety remains unclear. In this clinical trial, we prospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of NCRT plus surgery in the treatment of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC).AIMTo investigate the efficacy and safety of NCRT combined with surgery in the treatment of potentially resectable TESCC. METHODSThirty patients with advanced TESCC hospitalized in our hospital from July 2016 to June 2019 were prospectively studied. All patients received NCRT, which included intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy (40-44 Gy/20-22f, 2 Gy/f) and chemotherapy (paclitaxel 150-175 mg/m²d1, 22 + lobaplatin 25-30 mg/m²d2, 23 for two cycles). Surgery was performed after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The effectiveness and safety of these treatments were observed. RESULTSAmong these 30 patients, complete response was achieved in two cases (6.7%) and partial response in 26 cases (86.7%), yielding an objective response rate of 100%. All patients underwent radical surgery successfully. The R0 resection rate was 100%, and the pathologic complete response rate was 33.3%. The incidence of grade III- IV granulocytopenia was 10% during the NCRT, and anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient after surgery. CONCLUSIONFor patients with potentially resectable TESCC, NCRT can effectively reduce the tumor size, increase R0 resection rate, and achieve obvious pathological degradation, with mild adverse reactions. Thus, it is worthy of wider clinical application.     

鼻咽癌放化综合治疗进展

鼻咽癌是我国最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤,对放化疗均敏感,局部区域晚期鼻咽癌单纯放射治疗疗效差,采用放化综合治疗的手段将有助于患者获得长期生存,本文分析鼻咽癌放化疗不同序贯方式如诱导化疗、同期放化疗、辅助化疗等研究的现状及进展等.     

局部晚期直肠癌术前含草酸铂同步放化疗Ⅱ期临床研究

目的评价术前同步放疗与草酸铂和氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)或甲酰四氢叶酸钙(CF)联合化疗治疗局部晚期直肠癌的耐受性和有效性。方法58例初诊局部晚期直肠癌(T3～T4期)患者进入该研究,疗前获病理类型,腺癌54例,印戒细胞癌4例。放疗为3个野等中心技术,盆腔照射46 Gy分23次4.5周完成。在放疗第1周和第4周同步给予2个周期化疗,草酸铂130 mg/m~2第1天,5-FU 500 mg/m~2第1～3天和CF 200 mg/m~2第1～3天。放疗结束后4～6周进行手术。结果完成术前计划并行手术者55例,手术标本总有效率为58%,其中肿瘤全消(pCR)11例,仅检出少量残存肿瘤细胞21例。3级毒副反应包括中性粒细胞减少1例,腹泻3例,放射性直肠炎4例,肝功能异常1例。结论含草酸铂方案的术前联合放化疗耐受性良好,有效率高,应进一步随访并开展Ⅲ期临床试验,以明确对局部控制率和生存率的影响。     

Ⅱ/Ⅲ期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的评价Ⅱ/Ⅲ期(DukesB/C期)低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效。方法对23例Ⅱ/Ⅲ期低位直肠癌患者放疗 同步口服希罗达,4～6周后行手术治疗。结果放化疗后肿瘤缩小,手术切除率为100.0%,保肛率为73.9%,局部复发率仅为4.4%,吻合口瘘的发生率为4.4%。结论对于Ⅱ/Ⅲ期(DukesB/C期)低位直肠癌患者术前同步放化疗可以提高手术切除率、保肛率,降低局部复发率,并不增加术后吻合口瘘的发生,是1种较好的治疗手段。