佳木斯地区125例胚胎停育患者绒毛细胞染色体分析

目的探讨胚胎停育与绒毛细胞染色体异常的关系。方法收集佳木斯地区125例胚胎停育患者的绒毛细胞,通过对绒毛细胞染色体的培养和制备,对其染色体进行观察和分析。结果 125例胚胎停育患者,绒毛细胞培养失败7例,检出异常核型49例,染色体数目异常47例,染色体结构异常2例。结论胚胎染色体异常是胚胎停育的重要原因。     

Interlaboratory assessment of mitotic index by flow cytometry confirms superior reproducibility relative to microscopic scoring

A flow cytometric procedure for determining mitotic index (MI) as part of the metaphase chromosome aberrations assay, developed and utilized routinely at Pfizer as part of their standard assay design, has been adopted successfully by Covance laboratories. This method, using antibodies against phosphorylated histone tails (H3PS10) and nucleic acid stain, has been evaluated by the two independent test sites and compared to manual scoring. Primary human lymphocytes were treated with cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, benzo(a)pyrene, and etoposide at concentrations inducing dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. Deming regression analysis indicates that the results generated via flow cytometry (FCM) were more consistent between sites than those generated via microscopy. Further analysis using the Bland–Altman modification of the Tukey mean difference method supports this finding, as the standard deviations (SDs) of differences in MI generated by FCM were less than half of those generated manually. Decreases in scoring variability owing to the objective nature of FCM, and the greater number of cells analyzed, make FCM a superior method for MI determination. In addition, the FCM method has proven to be transferable and easily integrated into standard genetic toxicology laboratory operations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Case of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Unusual Chromosome Aberrations

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is one of the most common leukemias in the western world and consists of many chromosome aberrations. We report the case of a 74-year-old male patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with complex variant translocations t(8;22)(q24;q11) and der(8)t(6;8)(p21;p21) identified by chromosome banding analysis and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of interphase cells. Because of the rarity of these changes, possible molecular mechanisms associated with this karyotype are discussed.     

A follow-up study on chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of alcoholics during early, medium, and long-term abstinence

The frequencies of structural chromosomal aberrations were analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 31 chronic alcoholics at the beginning of an intensive outpatient treatment program at a neuropsychiatric clinic and were compared with 31 controls matched for gender, age, smoking habits, and nondrinkers. A statistically significant difference was observed in the level of chromosomal aberrations in somatic cells from alcoholics when compared with controls (3.01% vs. 1.28%, p < or = 0.001). A follow-up study was carried out for a subset of the patients after 3 months (8 subjects) and 12 months (14 subjects) of controlled abstinence. A statistically significant increase in the mean frequency of cells with aberrations was observed in the group of 14 subjects reinvestigated after 12 months of abstinence when compared with the mean value of the first blood samples immediately after hospitalization (4.61% vs. 3.01%; p < or = 0.001). An excessive increase in cigarette consumption during alcohol abstinence, reflected by a dramatic elevation of CO-hemoglobin levels, may, at least in part, account for this finding. In conclusion, chronic alcoholism leads to genotoxic effects that, instead of recovering after 1 year of alcohol abstinence, are even enhanced, most likely due to the "shift in addictive behavior."     

Protecting effect of caffeine against vinblastine (an anticancer drug) induced genotoxicity in mice

Vinblastine a DNA non-intercalating agent has wide application against several human neoplasms, and found to cause cytogenotoxicity. In this study, clastogenotoxicity of vinblastine (1.5?mg/kg b w) and its prevention by caffeine at different doses (25, 50 and 100?mg/kg b w) administered intraperitoneally was assessed in in vivo mice. It was found that micronucleus level had decreased significantly (up to 28.8%) in 100?mg caffeine treated group at 30?h post treatment. However, it did not exhibit protective effect against chromosomal aberration in spaermatogonial cells at 24?h post treatment. The frequencies of aberrant primary spermatocytes had decreased significantly in 25 and 100?mg caffeine at 4th week of post treatment. Similarly, in 100?mg of caffeine administered, abnormal sperm level had reduced (4.01%) significantly at 8th week post treatment. Thus, caffeine decreased the vinblastine induced chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index in bone marrow cells. In conclusion, this study shows that caffeine exerts protective effect against vinblastin induced cytogenotoxicity. Further studies on molecular mechanism are interesting in order to develop it as an effective drug in cancer chemotherapy.     

自发性高血压大鼠高血压前期及高血压期脑动脉的形态计量学研究

用半自动图像分析仪对7周和17周龄自发性高血压大鼠的脑动脉进行形态计量学研究,并与Wistar-Kyoto大鼠对照。结果表明,自发性高血压大鼠在高血压前期及高血压期脑动脉中膜与对照组比较均明显增厚;细动脉中膜增厚是因平滑肌细胞肥大所致。自发性高血压大鼠在高血压前期已有动脉中膜肥厚,提示这种血管壁结构变异对高血压的发生发展有重要意义。     

无创性产前基因测序技术在染色体非整倍体中的应用

目的探讨高通量并行测序技术在胎儿染色体非整倍体检测中的应用价值。方法2012年10月至2013年4月,生化血清学筛查唐氏高危或高龄孕妇,采用高通量测序技术对胎儿染色体非整倍体进行无创性产前检测,评估患病风险率,提示高危孕妇进行核型分析确诊。结果813例无创检测高危孕妇,13例提示异常高危,异常率为1．59％,其中4例21三体,3例18三体,6例性染色体。核型确诊4例均为21三体,准确度100％;2例18三体;1例47,XXY和1例47,XXX。结论基于高通量测序技术的方法能快速、准确、无创检测唐氏综合征,相对18三体和性染色体检测准确度和稳定性有待优化与提高。     

超声软指标在胎儿染色体异常筛查中的应用

目的：探讨各项超声软指标对胎儿染色体异常的筛查价值。方法：回顾性分析513例孕11-28周超声软指标阳性并行染色体核型分析的孕妇资料,分析各项软指标与胎儿染色体异常之间的关系,探讨联合指标对染色体异常的筛查价值。结果：513例胎儿中染色体异常91例,其中两项及两项以上超声软指标阳性胎儿染色体异常发生率（28.57%,16/56）明显高于单项超声软指标阳性胎儿（75/457,16.41%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。颈项透明层（NT）增厚、鼻骨发育不良、单脐动脉阳性预测染色体异常的敏感性分别为46.15%、20.88%、17.58%,特异性分别为86.49%、90.75%、88.15%,此三项软指标筛查价值明显高于其他软指标,ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.66、0.56、0.53,三项指标联合的AUC为0.75,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：超声软指标在染色体异常筛查中具有重要价值,其中NT增厚、鼻骨发育不良、单脐动脉阳性的胎儿染色体异常率较高,多项超声软指标阳性胎儿染色体异常风险明显增加,联合预测可提高诊断效能,建议行介入性产前诊断,降低新生儿出生缺陷。