多导睡眠图对卒中后睡眠障碍的评价意义

睡眠障碍是脑卒中（Stroke）后患者常见并发症,它不仅影响病人的躯体康复和心身健康,而且会加重高血压、糖尿病等常见脑卒中危险因素的程度,甚至诱发脑梗死或脑出血的再发。应用多导睡眠图（polysomnogram,PSG）对脑卒中后并发睡眠障碍患者进行夜间睡眠监测,能够更加客观地反应患者睡眠质量,有效地纠正睡眠障碍,促进患者功能恢复。     

The effects of paroxetine and nefazodone on sleep: a placebo controlled trial

We studied the effect of acute (1 day) and subacute (16 days) administration of the new antidepressant, nefazodone (400 mg daily), and the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), paroxetine (30 mg daily), on the sleep polysomnogram of 37 healthy volunteers using a random allocation, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Compared to placebo, paroxetine lowered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and increased REM latency. In addition, paroxetine increased awakenings and reduced Actual Sleep Time and Sleep Efficiency. In contrast, nefazodone did not alter REM sleep and had little effect on measures of sleep continuity. We conclude that in contrast to typical SSRIs, nefazodone administration has little effect on sleep architecture in healthy volunteers.     

An Unusual Case of Type 1 Narcolepsy in an Ethiopian Patient

BackgroundNarcolepsy is a chronic disabling central neurological disorder of daytime hypersomnia. It is categorized into two subtypes-type 1 (N1) and type 2 (N2). Symptoms of N1 commonly include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnogogic/hypnopompic hallucinations, and disturbed nighttime sleep. Ethnic differences have been observed, but they have not been reported in an Ethiopian patient to date.Case DetailWe report a 39-year-old Ethiopian patient with type 1 narcolepsy whose diagnosis was delayed for three decades despite severe symptoms. Her quality of life was significantly impaired and included EDS, sleep fragmentation, and depression. The mean sleep latency (MSL) for five naps was 1.3 minutes. Sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) periods (SOREMPs) were present in all five nap periods. HLA-typing and a CSF hypocretin level testing were not performed. Modafinil 300mg was prescribed, which improved her quality of life.ConclusionIn developing countries where diagnostic studies are not available, practitioners should pay special attention to a detailed history and look for classic symptoms of narcolepsy to establish an early diagnosis and improve quality of life.     

半固定式矫治装置治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征疗效观察

目的:观察上颌牙合垫加Ⅱ类牵引下颌前移口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)的疗效。方法:使用上颌牙合垫加Ⅱ类牵引下颌前移口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者42例,3个月后复查主观症状、多导睡眠图(PSG)。结果:经矫治的42例患者的耐受率为90.5%,鼾声、睡眠憋醒、白日嗜睡症状明显好转。治疗前、后患者呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、最低血氧饱和度指标变化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:上颌牙合垫加Ⅱ类牵引下颌前移口腔矫治器是治疗OSAS的较好新方法。     

Antidepressant-like effect of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) on the sleep polysomnogram

We studied the effect of two doses (0.9 mg and 1.8 mg) of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s wort) on the sleep polysomnogram of healthy subjects using a placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Both doses of hypericum significantly increased the latency to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without producing any other effect on sleep architecture. Our data are consistent with the proposed clinical antidepressant efficacy of hypericum, and raise the possibility that its pharmacological mechanism of action may be similar to that of conventional antidepressant medication. Received: 24 April 1998/Final version: 7 May 1998     

Changes in sleep patterns during He-O2 saturation dives

Abstract During simulated hyperbaric saturation diving experiments of He-02 mixture at the depths of 150, 180 and 230 m the standard polysomnography of four divers, as well as their subjective feelings of fatigue, were recorded for 268 nights. In all three diving conditions, during the bottom period and the decompression period, wakes after sleep onset and Stage 1 sleep increased while Stage 4 sleep decreased. In deeper diving conditions stage 4 sleep tended to decrease and subjective feelings of fatigue increased. When the results are considered it can be assumed that the deeper the diving depths, the increased sleep disturbances and fatigue. However, it is believed that a fundamental sleep pattern will be maintained.     

CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome

The aim of this study is evaluating iron, ferritin, and transferrin in both serum and CSF in patients of restless legs syndrome (RLS), based on the hypothesis that iron deficiency in the central nervous system (CNS) causes the symptoms as a result of the dysfunction of dopaminergic systems. These parameters, polysomnographic sleep measures, and subjective evaluation of the sleep quality were compared in 10 patients of idiopathic RLS (RLS group) and 10 age-matched patients of psychophysiological insomnia without RLS symptoms (non-RLS group). With sleep patterns, sleep latency was longer and sleep efficiency was lower in the RLS group than those in the non-RLS group. Periodic leg movement index in the RLS group was higher than that of the non-RLS group. With serum examination, there were no significant differences for the iron, ferritin, and transferrin values between the both groups. With CSF examination, the iron and ferritin values were lower and the transferrin values were higher in the RLS group than those in the non-RLS group. There was positive correlation between the serum and CSF ferritin levels in the both groups, but the slope of the regression lines for the RLS group was lower than that for the non-RLS group. These results indicate low brain iron concentration caused by the dysfunction of iron transportation from serum to CNS in patients with idiopathic RLS.     

慢性失眠症临床与多导睡眠图研究

我们对36例慢性失眠症进行了临床调查,心理分析和多导睡眠图检查,对其中31例患者进行了MMPI测定,24例患者进行了EPQ测定。经分析我们认为:1.本组失眠症可分为三类:(1)持续性精神生理性失眠;(2)主观性失眠;(3)伴有情绪障碍的失眠。2.慢性失眠者多表现为悲观、抑郁、易怒、情绪不稳定。     

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Clinical Review

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with significant morbidity. The causes of EDS are varied, and include inadequate sleep, sleep disordered breathing, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and central disorders of hypersomnolence (narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin syndrome). Additionally, EDS could represent a symptom of an underlying medical or psychiatric disorder. Assessment of EDS includes a thorough sleep, medical, and psychiatric history, targeted clinical examination, and appropriate use of actigraphy to measure sleep duration and sleep-wake patterns, polysomnography to assess for associated conditions such as sleep-related breathing disorders or other factors that might disrupt nighttime sleep, multiple sleep latency testing to ascertain objective sleepiness and diagnose central disorders of hypersomnolence, and measurement of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 concentration. Treatment of EDS secondary to central disorders of hypersomnolence is primarily pharmacologic with wakefulness-promoting agents such as modafinil, stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, and newer agents specifically designed to improve wakefulness; behavioral interventions can provide a useful adjunct to pharmacologic treatment. When excessive sleepiness is secondary to other conditions, the treatment should focus on targeting the primary disorder. This review discusses current epidemiology, provides guidance on clinical assessments and testing, and discusses the latest treatment options. For this review, we collated the latest evidence using the search terms excessive sleepiness, hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, treatment from PubMed and MEDLINE and the latest practice parameters from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.