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991.
Epifanio Bagarinao Satoshi Maesawa Yuji Ito Naotaka Usui Jun Natsume Hirohisa Watanabe Minoru Hoshiyama Toshihiko Wakabayashi Gen Sobue Shinji Naganawa Haruo Isoda 《Clinical neurophysiology》2018,129(2):377-389
Objective
Epileptic spikes are associated with rapidly changing brain activation involving the epileptic foci and other brain regions in the “epileptic network”. We aim to resolve these activation changes using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings.Methods
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings from 9 patients with epilepsy were used in the analysis. Our method employed the whole scalp EEG data to generate regressors for the analysis of fMRI data using the general linear model.Results
We were able to resolve, with milliseconds temporal resolution, changes in activation patterns involving suspected epileptic foci and other brain regions in the epileptic network during spike and slow wave. Using summary maps (called SSWAS maps) which show the activation frequency of voxels, we found that suspected epileptic foci tend to be significantly active during this interval. SSWAS maps also enabled the detection of the epileptic foci in 4 of 5 patients where the conventional event-timing-based analysis failed to identify.Conclusion
These findings demonstrated the efficacy of the method and the potential application of SSWAS maps to identify epileptic foci.Significance
The method could help resolve activation changes during epileptic spike and could provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of these changes. 相似文献992.
Michael S. Gaffrey Deanna M. Barch Ryan Bogdan Katrina Farris Steven E. Petersen Joan L. Luby 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2018,83(2):128-136
Background
Research in adolescents and adults has suggested that altered neural processing of reward following early life adversity is a highly promising depressive intermediate phenotype. However, very little is known about how stress response, neural processing of reward, and depression are related in very young children. The present study examined the concurrent associations between cortisol response following a stressor, functional brain activity to reward, and depression severity in children 4 to 6 years old.Methods
Medication-naïve children 4 to 6 years old (N = 52) participated in a study using functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess neural reactivity to reward, including gain, loss, and neutral outcomes. Parent-reported child depression severity and child cortisol response following stress were also measured.Results
Greater caudate and medial prefrontal cortex reactivity to gain outcomes and increased amygdala reactivity to salient (i.e., both gain and loss) outcomes were observed. Higher total cortisol output following a stressor was associated with increased depression severity and reduced amygdala reactivity to salient outcomes. Amygdala reactivity was also inversely associated with depression severity and was found to mediate the relationship between cortisol output and depression severity.Conclusions
Results suggest that altered neural processing of reward is already related to increased cortisol output and depression severity in preschoolers. These results also demonstrate an important role for amygdala function as a mediator of this relationship at a very early age. Our results further underscore early childhood as an important developmental period for understanding the neurobiological correlates of early stress and increased risk for depression. 相似文献993.
994.
Amygdala–prefrontal cortex connectivity increased during face discrimination but not time perception
Time sensitivity is affected by emotional stimuli such as fearful faces. The effect of threatening stimuli on time perception depends on numerous factors, including task type and duration range. We applied a two‐interval forced‐choice task using face stimuli to healthy volunteers to evaluate time perception and emotion interaction using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We conducted finite impulse response analysis to examine time series for the significantly activated brain areas and psycho‐physical interaction to investigate the connectivity between selected regions. Time perception engaged a right‐lateralised frontoparietal network, while a face discrimination task activated the amygdala and fusiform face area (FFA). No voxels were active with regard to the effect of expression (fearful versus neutral). In parallel with this, our behavioural results showed that attending to the fearful faces did not cause duration overestimation. Finally, connectivity of the amygdala and FFA to the middle frontal gyrus increased during the face processing condition compared to the timing task. Overall, our results suggest that the prefrontal–amygdala connectivity might be required for the emotional processing of facial stimuli. On the other hand, attentional load, task type and task difficulty are discussed as possible factors that influence the effects of emotion on time perception. 相似文献
995.
Amanda J. Nguyen Elisabeth Hoyer Purva Rajhans Lane Strathearn Sohye Kim 《Journal of neuroendocrinology》2019,31(9)
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common but complex condition that is poorly understood and multifactorial in aetiology. It is a condition that can compromise the mother's care for her infant, which may pose challenges to the formation of the mother‐infant bond and the infant's overall development. Past research has looked at abnormalities in the brain circuitry and hormonal profiles of mothers with PPD compared to non‐depressed mothers. However, abnormalities in PPD that may specifically affect the mother's care of her infant have not been clearly assessed. Thus, the present review aims to synthesise studies of altered brain and hormonal responses in mothers with PPD in relation to their care of their infant. First, we review maternal brain responses and their relation to PPD symptomatology, focusing on the salience/fear network, reward/attachment network and default mode network. Next, we discuss oxytocin and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis hormones in the context of maternal behaviour and PPD. Finally, we synthesise these findings and propose how future studies may benefit from the combined study of both neural and hormonal activity to better understand the underlying neurobiology of maternal care in PPD. 相似文献
996.
Ann‐Kathrin Kreuder Lea Wassermann Michael Wollseifer Beate Ditzen Monika Eckstein Birgit Stoffel‐Wagner Juergen Hennig Ren Hurlemann Dirk Scheele 《Human brain mapping》2019,40(1):242-251
Social support plays a vital role in physical and mental well‐being. The neuropeptide hormone oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in modulating pair‐bonding and affiliative behaviors, but whether OXT contributes to the analgesic effects of a romantic partner's touch remains elusive. In the present randomized placebo‐controlled, between‐group, functional magnetic resonance imaging study involving 194 healthy volunteers (97 heterosexual couples), we tested the effects of intranasal OXT (24 IU) on handholding as a common mode of expressing emotional support in romantic couples. We scanned the subjects while brief electric shocks were administered. The subjects assumed that they received social support from either their romantic partner or an unfamiliar person. Unbeknown to the subject, in the partner and stranger support conditions, the same male experimenter always held the subject's left hand. Partner support was most effective in reducing the unpleasantness of electric shocks, and OXT further attenuated the unpleasantness across conditions. On the neural level, OXT significantly augmented the beneficial effects of partner support, as evidenced by a stronger decrease of neural responses to shocks in the anterior insula (AI), a stronger activity increase in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and a strengthened functional coupling between the AI and MFG. Our results support the notion that OXT specifically modulates the beneficial effects of social support in romantic couples by concomitantly reducing pain‐associated activity and increasing activity linked to cognitive control and pain inhibition. We hypothesize that impaired OXT signaling may contribute to the experience of a lack of partner support. 相似文献
997.
Bruce P. Dor N. Cooper C. Scholz Matthew B. O'Donnell Emily B. Falk 《Human brain mapping》2019,40(9):2571-2580
Persuasive messages can change people's thoughts, feelings, and actions, but these effects depend on how people think about and appraise the meaning of these messages. Drawing from research on the cognitive control of emotion, we used neuroimaging to investigate neural mechanisms underlying cognitive regulation of the affective and persuasive impact of advertisements communicating the risks of binge drinking, a significant public health problem. Using cognitive control to up‐regulate (vs. down‐regulate) responses to the ads increased: negative affect related to consequences of excessive drinking, perceived ad effectiveness, and ratings of ad self‐relevance made after a one‐hour delay. Neurally, these effects of cognitive control were mediated by goal‐congruent modulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and distributed brain patterns associated with negative emotion and subjective valuation. These findings suggest that people can leverage cognitive control resources to deliberately shape responses to persuasive appeals, and identify mechanisms of emotional reactivity and integrative valuation that underlie this ability. Specifically, brain valuation pattern expression mediated the effect of cognitive goals on perceived message self‐relevance, suggesting a role for the brain's valuation system in shaping responses to persuasive appeals in a manner that persists over time. 相似文献
998.
Qingyu Zhao Dongjin Kwon Eva M. Müller‐Oehring Anne‐Pascale Le Berre Adolf Pfefferbaum Edith V. Sullivan Kilian M. Pohl 《Human brain mapping》2019,40(8):2511-2528
Increasing numbers of neuroimaging studies are acquiring data to examine changes in brain architecture by investigating intrinsic functional networks (IFN) from longitudinal resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). At the subject level, these IFNs are determined by cross‐sectional procedures, which neglect intra‐subject dependencies and result in suboptimal estimates of the networks. Here, a novel longitudinal approach simultaneously extracts subject‐specific IFNs across multiple visits by explicitly modeling functional brain development as an essential context for seeking change. On data generated by an innovative simulation based on real rs‐fMRI, the method was more accurate in estimating subject‐specific IFNs than cross‐sectional approaches. Furthermore, only group‐analysis based on longitudinally consistent estimates identified significant developmental effects within IFNs of 246 adolescents from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The findings were confirmed by the cross‐sectional estimates when the corresponding group analysis was confined to the developmental effects. Those effects also converged with current concepts of neurodevelopment. 相似文献
999.
Yuan Li Chunping Hou Li Yao Chuncheng Zhang Hongna Zheng Jiacai Zhang Zhiying Long 《Human brain mapping》2019,40(9):2596-2610
Perceiving disparities is the intuitive basis for our understanding of the physical world. Although many electrophysiology studies have revealed the disparity‐tuning characteristics of the neurons in the visual areas of the macaque brain, neuron population responses to disparity processing have seldom been investigated. Many disparity studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have revealed the disparity‐selective visual areas in the human brain. However, it is unclear how to characterize neuron population disparity‐tuning responses using fMRI technique. In the present study, we constructed three voxel‐wise encoding Gabor models to predict the voxel responses to novel disparity levels and used a decoding method to identify the new disparity levels from population responses in the cortex. Among the three encoding models, the fine‐coarse model (FCM) that used fine/coarse disparities to fit the voxel responses to disparities outperformed the single model and uncrossed‐crossed model. Moreover, the FCM demonstrated high accuracy in predicting voxel responses in V3A complex and high accuracy in identifying novel disparities from responses in V3A complex. Our results suggest that the FCM can better characterize the voxel responses to disparities than the other two models and V3A complex is a critical visual area for representing disparity information. 相似文献
1000.
Michael Woletz Andr Hoffmann Martin Tik Ronald Sladky Rupert Lanzenberger Simon Robinson Christian Windischberger 《Human brain mapping》2019,40(5):1571-1582
Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) offers the possibility to assess brain function independent of explicit tasks and individual performance. This absence of explicit stimuli in rs‐fMRI makes analyses more susceptible to nonneural signal fluctuations than task‐based fMRI. Data preprocessing is a critical procedure to minimise contamination by artefacts related to motion and physiology. We herein investigate the effects of different preprocessing strategies on the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and its fractional counterpart, fractional ALFF (fALFF). Sixteen artefact reduction schemes based on nuisance regression are applied to data from 82 subjects acquired at 1.5 T, 30 subjects at 3 T, and 23 subjects at 7 T, respectively. In addition, we examine test–retest variance and effects of bias correction. In total, 569 data sets are included in this study. Our results show that full artefact reduction reduced test–retest variance by up to 50%. Polynomial detrending of rs‐fMRI data has a positive effect on group‐level t‐values for ALFF but, importantly, a negative effect for fALFF. We show that the normalisation process intrinsic to fALFF calculation causes the observed reduction and introduce a novel measure for low‐frequency fluctuations denoted as high‐frequency ALFF (hfALFF). We demonstrate that hfALFF values are not affected by the negative detrending effects seen in fALFF data. Still, highest grey matter (GM) group‐level t‐values were obtained for fALFF data without detrending, even when compared to an exploratory detrending approach based on autocorrelation measures. From our results, we recommend the use of full nuisance regression including polynomial detrending in ALFF data, but to refrain from using polynomial detrending in fALFF data. Such optimised preprocessing increases GM group‐level t‐values by up to 60%. 相似文献